基于NB-IoT 网络的兔舍环境实时监测系统

• 作者： 秦英栋 ^1,2 贾文珅 ^2*
• 作者单位：
  1.  北京农学院 计算机与信息工程学院，北京102206

  2.  北京市农林科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所，北京 100097
• 提交时间：2023-05-15

摘要: 为满足兔舍环境监测调控需求，同时摆脱传统布线网络局限性，缩减网络资费、电路元件和控制系统成 本，本研究提出一种基于窄带物联网（Narrow Band Internet of Things，NB-IoT） 的兔舍环境实时监测系统。系统 基于Arduino 开发板，使用移远BC260Y 模块与消息队列遥测传输协议（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport， MQTT） 实现网络连接，利用SGP30、MQ137、5516光敏电阻传感器等多种传感器实现兔舍内部声、光、水、温、 气五方面实时监测。数据在本地、云端存储的同时，系统可根据阈值报警，协助创造兔的最佳生存环境。研究中 对比了NB-IoT网络与Wi-Fi、LoRa等其他网络的异同，根据物联网三层架构详细介绍了系统搭建技术与过程，并 系统分析了元器件价格，经核算，整机成本不超过400元。设备在空舍测试中，检测到CO2浓度为420~440 ppm； MQ系列传感模组电压比值稳定于1；温度处于22~24 ℃；湿度上下波动10％；日光灯亮灭引起电压差2.6 V。进 行了系统的网络与能耗测试，通过不同时间、场地、网络连接方式的对比，验证了本系统传输稳定可靠，能耗合 理。系统使用MQTT通信协议的NB-IoT网络，平均每秒消息处理量（Transactions Per Second，TPS） 为0.57，每分 钟收发34.2条，上下浮动1条。系统运行时，电压约为12.5 V，电流约为0.42 A，平均功率为5.3 W。发生通信时， 没有产生额外功耗，适用于实际养殖生产。本研究可为偏远或较大规模的养殖监测设备选取提供设备成本与网络 选择参考价值。

Abstract: To meet the needs of environmental monitoring and regulation in rabbit houses, a real-time environmental monitoring system for rabbit houses was proposed based on narrow band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). The system overcomes the limitations of traditional wired networks, reduces network costs, circuit components, and expenses is low. An Arduino development board and the Quectel BC260Y-NB-IoT network module were used, along with the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol for remote telemetry transmission, which enables network connectivity and communication with an IoT cloud platform. Multiple sensors, including SGP30, MQ137, and 5516 photoresistors, were integrated into the system to achieve real-time monitoring of various environmental parameters within the rabbit house, such as sound decibels, light intensity, humidity, temperature, and gas concentrations. The collected data was stored for further analysis and could be used to inform environmental regulation and monitoring in rabbit houses, both locally and in the cloud. Signal alerts based on circuit principles were triggered when thresholds were exceeded, creating an optimal living environment for the rabbits. The advantages of NB-IoT networks and other networks, such as Wi-Fi and LoRa were compared. The technology and process of building a system based on the three-layer architecture of the Internet of Things was introduced. The prices of circuit components were analyzed, and the total cost of the entire system was less than 400 RMB. The system underwent network and energy consumption tests, and the transmission stability, reliability, and energy consumption were reasonable and consistent across different time periods, locations, and network connection methods. An average of 0.57 transactions per second (TPS) was processed by the NB-IoT network using the MQTT communication protocol, and 34.2 messages per minute were sent and received with a fluctuation of 1 message. The monitored device was found to have an average voltage of approximately 12.5 V, a current of approximately 0.42 A, and an average power of 5.3 W after continuous monitoring using an electricity meter. No additional power consumption was observed during communication. The performance of various sensors was tested through a 24-hour indoor test, during which temperature and lighting conditions showed different variations corresponding to day and night cycles. The readings were stably and accurately captured by the environmental sensors, demonstrating their suitability for long-term monitoring purposes. This system is can provide equipment cost and network selection reference values for remote or large-scale livestock monitoring devices.

• 分类： 农、林、牧、渔 >> 农、林、牧、渔业科学其他学科
• 引用： ChinaXiv:202305.00202 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202305.00202V1)
  doi:10.12074/202305.00202
  CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202305.00202.V1
• 推荐引用方式： 秦英栋,贾文珅.(2023).基于NB-IoT 网络的兔舍环境实时监测系统.智慧农业（中英文）.[ChinaXiv:202305.00202] (点此复制)