官厅和密云水库水域面积变化及影响因素比较研究

• 作者： 马振刚1,2 李黎黎1,2 张俊贵1
• 作者单位：
  1.  张家口学院旅游与环境学院，河北张家口075000
  2.  张家口市生态监测与综合治理技术创新中心， 河北张家口075000
• 提交时间：2023-08-26

摘要: 以首都水源涵养功能区内的官厅水库和密云水库为研究对象，评估了两个水库1980年以来的水域面积变化，分析了降水量、植被覆盖度和人为用水量三项因素的影响。利用19802022年长时序遥感影像提取了水库水域面积，计算了植被覆盖度，使用Pearson相关分析探讨了影响因素相关关系。研究表明：（1）自2013年以来，两个水库水域面积均持续增加至历史高位，表明水源涵养成效显著。（2）近40 a来，两个水库的水域面积变化过程同步性明显，均表现为上升期-高位保持期-下降期-地物维持期-恢复期5个阶段。（3）水库上游张家口段流域年降水量与水库面积之间没有表现出相关性；与解译影像同期的67月降水量与水库面积之间也没有表现出相关性。（4）官厅水库上游张家口段的植被覆盖度整体呈现上升态势，2000年是一个变异点。密云水库上游张家口段的植被覆盖度持续稳定在0.7水平上。相关分析表明，植被覆盖度与水库水域面积之间没有相关性。（5）永定河流域张家口段人为用水量从2000年来整体上逐年减少0.2108 m3，与官厅水库水域面积呈显著负相关，有效增加了水库入库水量。（6）2019年以来流域水库集中输水和引黄补水，对官厅水库水域面积和沿河地区生态补水影响较大，建议对张家口水源涵养成效从地表径流入库量、地下水回升量、生态补水量等方面进行综合评估。

Abstract: This study focuses on the Guanting and Miyun reservoirs in the capital water conservation functionalarea to evaluate water area changes and analyze the impact of precipitation, vegetation coverage, and humanwater consumption since 1980. The study used long-term remote sensing images from 1980 to 2022 to extract thewater area of each reservoir and calculate vegetation coverage. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explorethe correlation between the three impact factors. We found that the water area of both reservoirs continuouslyincreased, with historical highs since 2013, indicating significant water conservation achievements since the 18thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China. In the past 40 years, the water area change process of thetwo reservoirs has significantly synchronized, with five different periods, including rising, high levelmaintenance, falling, ground feature maintenance, and recovery periods. There was no correlation betweenannual precipitation and reservoir area in the Zhangjiakou section upstream of the reservoir and also nocorrelation between precipitation and reservoir area in June and July during the same period. The vegetationcoverage in the Zhangjiakou section upstream of the Guanting reservoir had an overall upward trend, with 2000being a variation point. The vegetation coverage of the Zhangjiakou section upstream of the Miyun reservoircontinues to stabilize at a level of 0.7. Correlation analysis shows that there is no correlation between vegetationcoverage and reservoir water area. The artificial water consumption in the Zhangjiakou section of the YongdingRiver Basin decreased by 20 million m3 per year since 2000, showing a significant negative correlation with thewater area of the Guanting reservoir and effectively increasing the inflow volume of the reservoir since 2019. Thecentralized water conveyance and water diversion from the Yellow River have had a significant impact on thewater area of the Guanting reservoir and on ecological water replenishment along the river. Future research isneeded to comprehensively evaluate the water conservation effectiveness of Zhangjiakou in terms of surfacerunoff into the reservoir, groundwater recovery, and ecological water replenishment.

• 分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学
• 引用： ChinaXiv:202308.00678 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202308.00678V1)
  doi:10.12074/202308.00678
• 推荐引用方式： 马振刚1,2,李黎黎1,2, 张俊贵1.(2023).官厅和密云水库水域面积变化及影响因素比较研究.干旱区研究.[ChinaXiv:202308.00678] (点此复制)