基于典型相关分析的老年人主观幸福感与人格特质关系研究

• 作者： 周玉杰 ^1. 刘欢婷 ² 万崇华 ² 甘奇慧 ³ 肖俊辉 ³ 刘钰曦 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  广东省东莞市，广东医科大学东莞第一附属医院
  2.  广东医科大学生命质量与应用心理研究中心 生命质量与心理测评干预重点实验室
  3.  广东省东莞市，广东医科大学卫生法制与政策研究所
• 通讯作者： 刘钰曦 
• 提交时间：2023-09-22

摘要: 背景　随着老龄化加剧，老年心理健康问题已成为全社会关注的热点议题。已有研究表明老年心理健康问题与幸福感具有紧密联系，而人格特质会对主观幸福感产生较大影响，但二者在老年人群的内在联系尚不明晰。目的　探讨老年人的主观幸福感与人格特质的关系。方法　2022 年 78 月选取广东省东莞市塘厦镇林村的 511 名老年人为对象，采取问卷调查法对老年人进行现场调查，采用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表（MUNSH）和中国大五人格量表简明 15 项版（CBF-PI-15）分别评价老年人主观幸福感和人格特质。采用 Pearson 相关性分析对老年人主观幸福感与人格特质的相关性进行分析，并采用典型相关分析，进行标准化典型相关模型的构建、典型结构分析、典型冗余分析，以探究老年人主观幸福感及其各维度与人格特质各维度之间的关系。结果　老年人 MUNSH 总分为（39.727.74）分，MUNSH 各维度的得分从高到低依次为正性体验（9.483.24）分、正性情感（8.612.24）分、负性体验（1.442.31）分、负性情感（0.931.80）分；老年人 CBF-PI-15 的各维度得分为宜人性（14.042.60）分、外向性（11.774.05）分、尽责性（10.753.57）分、开放性（7.203.90）分、神经质（6.343.22）分；Pearson 相关分析结果显示，主观幸福感与尽责性（r=0.334）、开放性（r=0.219）均呈正相关（P<0.05），与神经质（r=-0.223，P<0.05）呈负相关；典型相关分析结果显示，第一、第二对典型相关变量的相关系数是 0.476、0.331（P<0.001）。标准化典型相关模型构建结果显示，老年人主观幸福感的第一典型变量标准化典型相关系数（U1）水平与人格特质第一典型变量标准化典型相关系数（V1）水平的相关性主要表现为正性体验与神经质之间的负相关，与尽责性之间的正相关；老年人主观幸福感第二典型变量标准化典型相关系数（U2）水平与人格特质第二典型变量标准化典型相关系数（V2）水平的相关性主要表现为正性情感、负性情感与神经质之间的正相关。典型结构分析结果显示，U1 与正性情感、负性情感、正性体验、负性体验呈较强相关，U2 与负性情感、负性体验呈较强相关。V1 与正性体验、尽责性、开放性呈较强相关；V2 与神经质、开放性呈较强相关。典型冗余分析结果显示，U1 解释人格特质 5.4% 的变异，V1 解释主观幸福感 12.2% 的变异，表明人格特质对主观幸福感的影响作用大于主观幸福感对人格特质的影响作用。结论　整体上老年人持有积极乐观的态度，主观幸福感水平较高，主观幸福感与神经质、尽责性人格关系密切，在未来可针对不同的人格特征采取相应的干预策略，提高主观幸福感，维护老年人的心理健康，积极面对人口老龄化。

Abstract: Background With the population ages，the mental health of the elderly has become a hot topic of concern for the whole society. Previous studies have shown that mental health problems in the elderly are closely related to well#2;being，while personality traits have a greater impact on subjective well-being. However，the internal relationship between the two in the elderly population is still unclear. Objective To explore the relationship between subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly. Methods From July to August 2022，511 elderly people in Lincun，Tangxia Town，Dongguan City， Guangdong Province were selected as the subjects to conduct a site survey by using the questionnaire survey. The subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly were evaluated by the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH）and the China Big Five Personality Scale（CBF-PI-15）respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly，canonical correlation analysis was used to construct a standardized canonical correlation model，canonical structure analysis，and canonical redundancy analysis， to explore the relationship between subjective well-being and the dimensions of personality traits of the elderly. Results The total score of MUNSH in the elderly was（39.727.74），and the scores of MUNSH in each dimension werepositive experience （9.483.24）， positive emotion（8.612.24），negative experience（1.442.31），and negative emotion（0.931.80） from high to low. The scores of CBF-PI-15 in each dimension of the elderly were agreeableness（14.042.60），extroversion （11.774.05），conscientiousness（10.753.57），openness（7.203.90）and neuroticism（6.343.22）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that subjective well-being was positively correlated with conscientiousness（r=0.334）and openness （r=0.219）（P<0.05）and negatively correlated with neuroticism（r=-0.223，P<0.05）. Canonical correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the first and second pairs of canonical correlation variables were 0.476 and 0.331（P<0.001）. The results of the standardized canonical correlation model construction showed that the correlation between the first canonical correlation coefficient of subjective well-being（U1）of the elderly and the first canonical correlation coefficient of personality traits（V1）mainly manifested negative correlation between positive experience and neuroticism，and positive correlation between positive experience and conscientiousness. The correlation between the standardized canonical correlation coefficient of the second canonical variable of subjective well-being（U2）and the standardized canonical correlation coefficient of the second canonical variable of personality traits（V2）of the elderly mainly manifested positive correlation of positive emotion and negative emotion with neuroticism. The results of canonical structure analysis showed that U1was strongly correlated with positive emotion，negative emotion，positive experience，and negative experience，while U2was strongly correlated with negative emotion and negative experience. V1was strongly correlated with positive experience，conscientiousness，and openness. V2was strongly correlated with neuroticism and openness. Canonical redundancy analysis showed that U1explained 5.4% variation in personality traits and V1 explained 12.2% variation in subjective well-being，indicating that personality traits had a greater influence on subjective well#2;being than subjective well-being. Conclusion On the whole，the elderly hold a positive and optimistic attitude，with a high level of subjective well-being，which is closely related to neuroticism and conscientious personality. In the future，corresponding intervention strategies should be adopted according to different personality characteristics to improve subjective well-being， maintain the mental health of the elderly，and actively face the aging of population.

• 期刊： 中国全科医学
• 分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学
• 引用： ChinaXiv:202309.00188 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202309.00188V1)
  DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0221
  CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202309.00188.V1
• 推荐引用方式： 周玉杰,刘欢婷,万崇华,甘奇慧,肖俊辉,刘钰曦.(2023).基于典型相关分析的老年人主观幸福感与人格特质关系研究.中国全科医学.doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0221 (点此复制)