Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-05-25
Abstract： Purposes The purpose of this study is to solve the current difficulties in the construction of sci-tech journal cluster, and to explore a new path for the construction of sci-tech journal cluster combined with digital technology. Methods Combining domestic and foreign advanced periodical cluster cases, this paper analyzes the problems existing in intensive management, cluster digital platform and cluster construction talent. Findings The study found that group management is an important path of periodical cluster, intelligent upgrading is an urgent need of sci-tech periodical cluster platform, and compound talents are an important factor to improve the level of sci-tech periodical cluster. Conclusions Therefore, this study puts forward four strategies of transformation and upgrading, such as building publishing group, digital platform, and training compound talents, which are the reference road for the construction of sci-tech journal cluster under the background of digital age.
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Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The unique and extreme ecological environment of cryosphere acts as a gigantic reservoir of microorganisms, which preserves precious records of the diversity and evolutionary history of ancient microbes. Climate change and human activities have made significant impacts on the ecological system. Global warming causes melting of the cryosphere that remained frozen for thousands of years and releases microorganisms, some of them are recovered to life and constitute a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. It is urgent to combine multidisciplinary research forces to investigate the microbial ecology of cryosphere, analyze the microbe pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, as well as evaluate the biosecurity risks caused by the reboot of dormant microorganisms.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2019-09-22
Abstract： Death awareness refers to thinking about and the recognition of the inevitability of personal death. As a critical component of the human-unique ability of autonoetic consciousness, death awareness can be viewed as a cognitive adaptation for time management. We hypothesize that activating death awareness may affect intertemporal choice, in which people make tradeoffs between rewards across different time points. Such effects of death awareness on intertemporal choice may be mediated by time perception, a subjective assessment of the speed of time passage. In this research, we investigate the impact of death awareness on time perception and intertemporal choice, and the relationships among them. Study 1 examined the relationship between death awareness and time estimation. Eighty-three college students were randomly assigned to either a death awareness activation group where mortality was made salient to the participants or a control group where the participants imagined their toothache experience. After a word-search distraction task, the participants in both groups completed a time-passage (400ms, 800ms, 1200ms, 1600ms) estimation task. The results showed that the participants in the group of death awareness activation gave significantly shorter estimates than the participants in the control group. Study 2 (n = 123) extended the measure of time perception to a more extended period and also measured the delay discounting rate of the participants from their intertemporal choices between a smaller-and-sooner reward and a larger-and-later reward. The participants were randomly assigned to either a death awareness activation group or a toothache awareness activation group. The participants then indicated how long ten years was to them by marking on a line with the statement “10 years is very short” on the left end side of the line and the statement “10 years is very long” on the right end side. The participants in the death-awareness activation group marked the line closer to the left end (“life is short”) than those in the control group. As predicted, the participants in the death-awareness activation group had a lower delay discounting rate and were more future-oriented in making intertemporal choices. Moreover, bootstrapping analysis revealed a partial mediation effect of time-passage estimation between death awareness and delay discounting. In conclusion, death awareness serves adaptive functions in time management. Activating death awareness makes people feel that time passes more quickly and promotes future-oriented decisions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2023-12-21
Abstract： Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) have gained popularity for their unique testing content and high face validity. However, traditional SJT formats, particularly those employing multiple-choice (MC) options, have encountered scrutiny due to their susceptibility to test-taking strategies. In contrast, open-ended and constructed response (CR) formats present a propitious means to address this issue. Nevertheless, their extensive adoption encounters hurdles primarily stemming from the financial implications associated with manual scoring. In response to this challenge, we propose an open-ended SJT employing a written-constructed response format for the assessment of teacher competency. This study established a scoring framework leveraging natural language processing (NLP) technology to automate the assessment of response texts, subsequently subjecting the system's validity to rigorous evaluation. The study constructed a comprehensive teacher competency model encompassing four distinct dimensions: student-oriented, problem-solving, emotional intelligence, and achievement motivation. Additionally, an open-ended situational judgment test was developed to gauge teachers' aptitude in addressing typical teaching dilemmas. A dataset comprising responses from 627 primary and secondary school teachers was collected, with manual scoring based on predefined criteria applied to 6,000 response texts from 300 participants. To expedite the scoring process, supervised learning strategies were employed, facilitating the categorization of responses at both the document and sentence levels. Various deep learning models, including the convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), C-LSTM, RNN+attention, and LSTM+attention, were implemented and subsequently compared, thereby assessing the concordance between human and machine scoring. The validity of automatic scoring was also verified.
This study reveals that the open-ended situational judgment test exhibited an impressive Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91 and demonstrated a good fit in the validation factor analysis through the use of Mplus. Criterion-related validity was assessed, revealing significant correlations between test results and various educational facets, including instructional design, classroom evaluation, homework design, job satisfaction, and teaching philosophy. Among the diverse machine scoring models evaluated, CNNs have emerged as the top-performing model, boasting a scoring accuracy ranging from 70% to 88%, coupled with a remarkable degree of consistency with expert scores (r= 0.95, QWK=0.82). The correlation coefficients between human and computer ratings for the four dimensions—student-oriented, problem-solving, emotional intelligence, and achievement motivation—approximated 0.9. Furthermore, the model showcased an elevated level of predictive accuracy when applied to new text datasets, serving as compelling evidence of its robust generalization capabilities.
This study ventured into the realm of automated scoring for open-ended situational judgment tests, employing rigorous psychometric methodologies. To affirm its validity, the study concentrated on a specific facet: the evaluation of teacher competency traits. Fine-grained scoring guidelines were formulated, and state-of-the-art NLP techniques were used for text feature recognition and classification. The primary findings of this investigation can be summarized as follows: (1) Open-ended SJTs can establish precise scoring criteria grounded in crucial behavioral response elements; (2) Sentence-level text classification outperforms document-level classification, with CNNs exhibiting remarkable accuracy in response categorization; and (3) The scoring model consistently delivers robust performance and demonstrates a remarkable degree of alignment with human scoring, thereby hinting at its potential to partially supplant manual scoring procedures.
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2017-11-23 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：环路多级热驱动制冷系统因结构紧凑、潜在效率高等优点在天然气液化及再冷凝方面有良好应用前景。本文提出一种能实现声功多级放大的环路热驱动制冷系统，在天然气液化温度下能够获得千瓦级冷量及较高的热致冷转换效率。基于经典热声理论对三单元环路系统展开了数值模拟。首先，考察了优化结构下声功的沿程分布。接着，将该结构与多脉管结构进行对比。结果表明，前者不仅具有结构简单，冷量方便获取等优势，同时也能获得与后者相媲美的系统性能。此外，进一步考察了谐振管面积比、谐振管长度、加热温度等重要参数对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明，在平均压力为7 MPa，加热温度为923 K时，该系统能够获得1478 W制冷量，相当于12.4 %相对卡诺效率。本文对后续实验工作具有重要指导意义。
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2017-10-30 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：环路多级热驱动制冷系统因结构紧凑、潜在效率高等优点在天然气液化及再冷凝方面有良好应用前景。本文提出一种能实现声功多级放大的环路热驱动制冷系统，在天然气液化温度下能够获得千瓦级冷量及较高的热致冷转换效率。基于经典热声理论对三单元环路系统展开了数值模拟。首先，考察了优化结构下声功的沿程分布。接着，将该结构与多脉管结构进行对比。结果表明，前者不仅具有结构简单，冷量方便获取等优势，同时也能获得与后者相媲美的系统性能。此外，进一步考察了谐振管面积比、谐振管长度、加热温度等重要参数对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明，在平均压力为7 MPa，加热温度为923 K时，该系统能够获得1478 W制冷量，相当于12.4 %相对卡诺效率。本文对后续实验工作具有重要指导意义。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-09-01
Abstract： With the deepening and spread of reform and opening-up, China has undergone rapid and unprecedented economic growth and societal transformations over the past few decades. Accumulating evidence has revealed the impacts of sociocultural changes on Chinese mental health. Since 2020, a popular buzzword, “Neijuan” (involution), has garnered significant attention and discussion in daily life. Neijuan could be traced back to agricultural involution, which refers to a process of inward over-elaboration in agricultural development. This concept was first identified by the anthropologist Geertz (1963), who observed that population growth failed to enhance productivity growth and economic development.
Despite Neijuan's growing attention, it is still unclear about the connotation and characteristic dimensions of this social phenomenon. Cultural psychology provides a solid theoretical and empirical basis for exploring how social and cultural changes affect individuals’ psychological states and behaviors. In this context, we propose that Neijuan is a multidimensional psychological concept of great significance in this new era, closely connected to cultural changes in China’s rapid development and growth.
To explore the psychological concept of Neijuan, Study 1 employed a grounded theory approach through in-depth interviews to clarify the intricate psychological components of Neijuan. Based on the results of Study 1, Studies 2 and 3 developed a measurement tool to validate the multiple characteristic dimensions of Neijuan in Chinese culture, utilizing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings suggested that Neijuan comprises four dimensions: resource scarcity, social norm, psychological pressure, and competition. Subsequently, Study 4 used Neijuan scenario-based task in the university and workplace environments to assess participants’ behavioral tendencies related to Neijuan and examined the relationship between individuals’ perceptions of Neijuan and their actual behaviors. Results revealed that individuals with higher levels of perceived Nejuan exhibited a greater tendency to engage in behaviors associated with Neijuan.
In summary, the series of studies sought to explore the psychological concept and multiple characteristic dimensions of Neijuan, which provides a theoretical and empirical basis for understanding this significant phenomenon in the contemporary era. The current research also offers an effective measurement tool to assess individuals’ perception of Neijuan and enlightens future research on the effect of Neijuan on psychological maladjustment and non-benign competition behaviors related to Neijuan.
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