分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The errors of cosmological data generated from complex processes, such as the observational Hubble parameter data (OHD) and the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) data, cannot be accurately modeled by simple analytical probability distributions, e.g. Gaussian distribution. To constrain cosmological parameters from these data, likelihood-free inference is usually used to bypass the direct calculation of the likelihood. In this paper, we propose a new procedure to perform likelihood-free cosmological inference using two artificial neural networks (ANN), the Masked Autoregressive Flow (MAF) and the denoising autoencoder (DAE). Our procedure is the first to use DAE to extract features from data, in order to simplify the structure of MAF needed to estimate the posterior. Tested on simulated Hubble parameter data with a simple Gaussian likelihood, the procedure shows the capability of extracting features from data and estimating posterior distributions without the need of tractable likelihood. We demonstrate that it can accurately approximate the real posterior, achieve performance comparable to the traditional MCMC method, and the MAF gets better training results for small number of simulation when the DAE is added. We also discuss the application of the proposed procedure to OHD and Pantheon SN Ia data, and use them to constrain cosmological parameters from the non-flat $\Lambda$CDM model. For SNe Ia, we use fitted light curve parameters to find constraints on $H_0,\Omega_m,\Omega_\Lambda$ similar to relevant work, using less empirical distributions. In addition, this work is also the first to use Gaussian process in the procedure of OHD simulation.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-11
Xian-Lin Yang
Chang-Lin Lan
Yu-Ting Wei
Yi Zhang
Gong Jiang
Bo Xie
Yu Liu
Hong-Tao Shen
Xiao-Jun Sun
摘要： Aluminum is the primary structural material in nuclear engineering, and its cross-section induced by 14 MeV neutrons is of great significance. To address the issue of insufficient accuracy for the 27Al(n,2n)26Al reaction cross-section, the activation method and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technique were used to determine the 27Al(n,2n)26Al cross-section, which could be used as a D-T plasma ion temperature monitor in fusion reactors. At the China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), neutron activation was performed using a K-400 neutron generator produced by the T(d,n)4He reaction. The 26Al/27Al isotope ratios were measured using the newly installed GYIG 1 MV AMS at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The neutron flux was monitored by measuring the activity of 92mNb produced by the 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb reaction. The measured results were compared with available data in the experimental nuclear reaction database, and the measured values showed a reasonable degree of consistency with partially available literature data. Thenewly acquired cross-sectional data at 12 neutron energy points through systematic measurements clarified the divergence, which has two different growth trends from the existing experimental values. The obtained results are also compared with the corresponding evaluated database, and the newly calculated excitation functions with TALYS-1.95 and EMPIRE-3.2 codes, the agreement with CENDL-3.2, TENDL-2021 and EMPIRE-3.2 results are generally acceptable. A substantial improvement in the knowledge of the 27Al(n,2n)26Al reaction excitation function was obtained in the present work, which will lay the foundation for the diagnosis of the fusion ion temperature, testing of the nuclear physics model, and evaluation of nuclear data, etc.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Ming-Hao Jiang
Wenyi Xue
Qian He
Yu-Yang An
Xiaodong Zheng
Wen-Jie Xu
Wenjun Wen
Yu-Bo Xie
Yanqing Lu
Shining Zhu
Xiao-Song Ma
摘要： The quantum internet -- in synergy with the internet that we use today -- promises an enabling platform for next-generation information processing, including exponentially speed-up distributed computation, secure communication, and high-precision metrology. The key ingredients for realizing such a global network are the distribution and storage of quantum entanglement. As quantum networks are likely to be based on existing fibre networks, telecom-wavelength entangled photons and corresponding quantum memories are of central interest. Recently, ${\rm ^{167}Er^{3+}}$ ions have been identified as a promising candidate for an efficient, broadband quantum memory at telecom wavelength. However, to date, no storage of entangled photons, the crucial step of quantum memory using these ions, has been reported. Here, we demonstrate the storage and recall of the entangled state of two telecom photons generated from an integrated photonic chip based on silicon nitride. Combining the natural narrow linewidth of the entangled photons and long storage time of ${\rm ^{167}Er^{3+}}$ ions, we achieve storage time of 400 ns, more than one order of magnitude longer than in previous works. Successful storage of entanglement in the crystal is certified by a violation of an entanglement witness by more than 12 standard deviations (-0.161 $\pm$ 0.012) at 400 ns storage time. These results pave the way for realizing quantum networks based on solid-state devices.
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