分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要：A spherical tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) for neutron monitoring has been developed. It was properly designed to produce a uniform electric field intensity around the anode wire. An internal 241Am alpha source was adopted for lineal energy calibration. The TEPC was characterized in terms of dose equivalent response in a standard 252Cf neutron field, and was tested with 2.45 MeV neutrons. Microdosimetric spectra, frequency mean lineal energy and dose-average mean lineal energy of 2.45 MeV neutrons were obtained and compared with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation results. The measurement and simulation results agreed well. The mean quality factor and dose equivalent values evaluated from the 2.45 MeV neutron measurement were in good agreement with the recommended effective quality factor and ambient dose equivalent H*(10)(10), respectively. Preliminary results have proved the availability of the developed TEPC for neutron monitoring.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2021-06-04 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
Nirmal M DAHAL
XIONG Donghong
Nilhari NEUPANE
Belayneh YIGEZ
ZHANG Baojun
YUAN Yong
Saroj KOIRALA
LIU Lin
FANG Yiping
摘要：Drought is an inevitable condition with negative impacts in the agricultural and climatic sectors, especially in developing countries. This study attempts to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and its trends in the Koshi River Basin (KRB) in Nepal, using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) over the period from 1987 to 2017. The Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the trends of the SPEI values. The study illustrated the increasing annual and seasonal drought trends in the KRB over the study period. Spatially, the hill region of the KRB showed substantial increasing drought trends at the annual and seasonal scales, especially in summer and winter. The mountain region also showed a significant increasing drought trend in winter. The drought characteristic analysis indicated that the maximum duration, intensity, and severity of drought events were observed in the KRB after 2000. The Terai region presented the highest drought frequency and intensity, while the hill region presented the longest maximum drought duration. Moreover, the spatial extent of drought showed a significant increasing trend in the hill region at the monthly (drought station proportion of 7.6%/10a in August), seasonal (drought station proportion of 7.2%/10a in summer), and annual (drought station proportion of 6.7%/10a) scales. The findings of this study can assist local governments, planners, and project implementers in understanding drought and developing appropriate mitigation strategies to cope with its impacts.
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