分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2023-06-01
摘要：
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Shuo Zhang
Jing-Kai Xia
Tao Sun
Wen-Tao Wu
Bing-Jun Wu
Yong-Liang Wang
Robin Cantor
Ke Han
Xiao-Peng Zhou
Hao-Ran Liu
Fu-You Fan
Si-Ming Guo
Jun-Cheng Liang
De-Hong Li
Yan-Ru Song
Xu-Dong Ju
Qiang Fu
Zhi Liu
摘要：The Transition Edge Sensor is extremely sensitive to the change of temperature, combined with the high-Z metal of a certain thickness, it can realize the high energy resolution measurement of particles such as X-rays. X-rays with energies below 10 keV have very weak penetrating ability, so only a few microns thick of gold or bismuth can obtain quantum efficiency higher than 70\%. Therefore, the entire structure of the TES X-ray detector in this energy range can be realized in the microfabrication process. However, for X-rays or gamma rays from 10 keV to 200 keV, sub-millimeter absorber layers are required, which cannot be realized by microfabrication process. This paper first briefly introduces a set of TES X-ray detectors and their auxiliary systems built by ShanghaiTech University, then focus on the introduction of the TES $\gamma$-ray detector, with absorber based on an sub-millimeter lead-tin alloy sphere. The detector has a quantum efficiency above 70\% near 100 keV, and an energy resolution of about 161.5eV@59.5keV.
分类： 材料科学 >> 材料科学（综合） 提交时间： 2020-08-12
Penglei Zhang
Peng Heng
Qingkai Yu
Gang Wang
Tao Huang
Siwei Yang
Xiaosong Liu
Zhi Liu
Xiaoming Xie
Guqiao Ding
摘要： Graphene has well demonstrated its unique properties and advantageous performances in lots of fields during the last 16 years. However, its industrial applications are still impeded by inefficient mass fabrication of high-quality graphene because of the great challenge in deep yet non-destructive graphite exfoliation. Herein, we demonstrated a delocalized electrochemical exfoliation (DEE) technique to efficiently fabricate high-quality graphene. Importantly, chemically transmitting the electric potentials was firstly proposed to spatially extend the exfoliation capability of electric potentials and electrochemically exfoliate every graphite particle dispersed in the electrolyte. The resulting graphene possesses ultralow defect density (ID/IG~0.07) and extremely high carbon-to-oxygen ratio (~28). Remarkably, high yields (~98.4%, 1-10 layers) and record high production rates (~72.7 g h?1) are realized in up-scaled batch of DEE. Further mechanism investigation revealed that the exfoliation capability of the electric potentials was transmitted to the whole electrolyte system by a dynamically favorable pathway. This pathway includes electrochemical oxidation, intercalation and interlayer bubble generation reactions, which makes deep and non-destructive exfoliation possible for every dispersed graphite particle in a scalable and reproducible manner. This way of using electric potentials differs from existing electrochemical methods and guarantees high throughput as well as high quality. The strategy of delocalized electrochemical exfoliation and the underlying concept of chemically transmitting the electric potentials would accelerate the commercialization of graphene and inspire more efficient fabrication of two-dimensional materials.
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