分类: 材料科学 >> 材料科学(综合) 提交时间: 2023-03-19 合作期刊: 《金属学报》
摘要:以复合添加Nb, V和Ti 的低碳微合金钢为研究对象, 采用热模拟试验机模拟高温轧制+超快速冷却+缓冷工艺, 采用OM, HRTEM和显微硬度计等对超快冷至不同温度实验钢的组织转变和析出规律进行研究. 结果表明, 随着超快冷终冷温度的升高, 显微组织由贝氏体向珠光体和铁素体转变, 碳化物形核位置从贝氏体转变为铁素体, 铁素体中的析出物密度大于贝氏体中的, 且在620 ℃达到最大. 超快冷至不同温度时析出物的尺寸均小于10 nm, 纵横比均接近于1, 即析出物形态更接近于球形, 且随终冷温度的降低, 析出物尺寸逐渐减小. 利用Orowan 机制计算了析出强化增量, 得出在620 ℃析出强化对屈服强度的贡献最大, 可达到25.6%.
分类: 材料科学 >> 材料科学(综合) 提交时间: 2023-03-19 合作期刊: 《金属学报》
摘要:采用OM, SEM和TEM对V微合金化钢与V-N微合金化钢的组织与析出相进行了分析, 研究了强化机制. 结果表明, V微合金化钢与V-N微合金化钢的显微组织主要为铁素体与少量珠光体的混合组织. 随着卷取温度的升高, V-N微合金化钢的强度呈现出先增加后下降的规律, 600 ℃时获得了最优的力学性能, 其屈服强度与抗拉强度分别达到了605与687 MPa, 延伸率为24.5%. 与V微合金化钢相比, V-N微合金化钢的铁素体晶粒更细小, 平均晶粒尺寸达到4.5 mm, 析出相更细小弥散, 尺寸在3~50 nm之间, 平均尺寸达到8.0 nm, 以及更高的位错密度. 晶粒细化、析出强化与位错强化是V-N微合金化钢具有高屈服强度的主要原因, 其中细晶强化是最主要的强化机制, 占总屈服强度的43.05%, 析出强化与位错强化对屈服强度的贡献高达34.44%.
分类: 材料科学 >> 材料科学(综合) 提交时间: 2023-03-18 合作期刊: 《材料研究学报》
摘要:研究了循环热处理对Ti-V微合金钢组织和力学性能的影响。根据显微组织观察结果对各个循环次数的试验钢晶粒尺寸进行统计和计算, 并结合SEM二次电子像揭示了试验钢在循环热处理过程中的组织演变规律, 进而解释了晶粒细化机制; 对试验钢进行TEM实验, 观察了沉淀相粒子的尺寸、成分随循环次数的变化规律。并对不同循环次数下的试验钢进行了室温抗拉强度和冲击韧性实验。结果表明, Ti-V微合金钢的平均晶粒尺寸随着循环次数的增加持续减小(至第7 次循环);受复杂碳化物平均尺寸的影响, 抗拉强度Rm随着循环次数的增加逐渐降低(自第1 次循环开始); 而冲击吸收功AKU则因平均晶粒尺寸和先共析铁素体比例的共同影响, 随循环次数的增加先升高后降低, 并在第3 次循环时达到最大。
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-01-17 合作期刊: 《天文研究与技术》
摘要:射电天文在HF-VHF频段采用天线组阵的方式进行观测,根据平方公里阵(Square Kilometre Array, SKA)的要求,每个阵列单元天线的增益、结构一致性、稳定性、阻抗变化趋势和极化纯度等方面需要达到较高指标,才能满足太阳、木星、再电离纪元等多种测量在极化测量、天线跟踪稳定性以及接收机宽带匹配等方面的需求。根据SKA requirement 2165:极化纯度(polarization purity)2135–38 和每极化方向灵敏度(sensitivity per polarization)2814–15提出的性能需求,以及在总结原有设计的经验后,针对10-90MHz频段,设计了一种适用于HF-VHF的新型倒“V”型栅板偶极子天线,具有重量轻,风阻小等优点,在10-90MHz的超宽频段内阻抗变化缓慢、极化纯度良好。其中,在阻抗变化方面,天线的阻抗实部从0.8Ω到631.132Ω变化,优于低频射电阵列(Low Frequency Array, LOFAR)的低频阵列天线,降低了接收机匹配难度和噪声;极化纯度方面,天线整体轴比小于0.41dB,对于太阳射电爆发等强极化信号具有良好的极化隔离度。
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2021-05-27 合作期刊: 《天文研究与技术》
摘要:随着天文技术的发展,小型化天文卫星成为了天文领域的研究热点。作为天文卫星核心的氢原子钟,他的轻量化也势在必行。目前氢原子钟上使用的吸附泵为钛多孔材料,它的氢容量小,且体积大,激活温度高。无法满足氢原子钟小型化,轻量化的要求。本文研究了具有大储氢容量的 Zr-V-Fe-Cr 新型吸氢合金,并利用XRD、SEM、储氢性能测试平台等测试手段。结果表明:新型合金的 Zr-V-Fe-Cr 的吸氢容量高于多孔钛,且吸氢性能能够满足使用要求。为氢原子钟的氢源系统轻量化提供了新的选择,有望用在下一代轻量化氢原子钟中。
分类: 物理学 >> 交叉学科物理及相关领域的科学与技术 分类: 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间: 2019-03-12
摘要:The unified processing and research of multiple network models are implemented, and a new theoretical breakthrough is made, which sets up two new theorems on evaluating the exact electrical characteristics (potential and resistance) of the complex m×n resistor networks by the Recursion-Transform method with potential parameters (RT-V), applies to a variety of different types of lattice structure with arbitrary boundaries such as the nonregular m×n rectangular networks and the nonregular m×n cylindrical networks. Our research gives the analytical solutions of electrical characteristics of the complex networks (finite, semi-infinite and infinite), which has not been solved before. As applications of the theorems, a series of analytical solutions of potential and resistance of the complex resistor networks are discovered. In particular, three novel mathematical propositions are discovered when comparing the resistance in two resistor networks, and many interesting trigonometric identities are discovered as well.
分类: 土木建筑工程 >> 土木建筑工程设计 提交时间: 2017-12-21 合作期刊: 《土木建筑工程信息技术》
摘要:随着建筑业信息化程度的不断提高,为更好地提高精装住宅工程施工质量,加强总承包管理能力,改善工程施工管理水平,本文以天津八里洲碧桂园项目实际施工情况为例,介绍了如何运用BIM + VR技术打造精品住宅工程。文章内容涵盖了三维可视化技术交底、标准层虚拟汇验、VR级精装样板、质量信息三维数据库、辅助虚拟验收、4D进度管理、临边防护模拟、三维场地布置、VR级云平台管理等多个方面。通过BIM + VR技术的联合应用,提高了精装住宅工程的施工质量,保障了施工过程的安全生产,降低了实体样板的施工成本,实现了精装住宅工程的精细化管理和绿色施工。
分类: 材料科学 >> 材料科学(综合) 提交时间: 2017-03-31 合作期刊: 《金属学报》
摘要:将 800 °C热处理 18 h 后的电弧熔炼 V55Ti30Ni15 合金,在 700 °C进行 70%压下量的轧制,随后在 950 °C退火 3 h,研究不同加工条件对合 金显微组织的影响以及显微组织变化对合金 H 渗透率的影响。结果表明,不同加工条件导致的合金显微组织对 H 渗透率影响很大。热处理后,V 基 体析出了 H 渗透率低的 NiTi 粒子,减少了作为 H 渗透主体的 V 基体体积分数,导致合金 H 渗透率降低。位错对合金 H 渗透率有很大影响,轧制后 合金含有高密度的位错,极大降低了 H 渗透率;随后的高温退火工艺则使合金位错密度降低,提高了 H 渗透率。
分类: 材料科学 >> 材料科学(综合) 提交时间: 2017-03-31 合作期刊: 《金属学报》
摘要:采用磁控溅射技术在硅片(100)和高速钢上制备V-Al-C和V-Al-C-N涂层,利用XRD,XPS,SEM,纳米压痕仪和摩擦磨损试验机 对比分析了涂层的相结构、化学组成、表面形貌、断面结构、力学性能以及不同介质中(大气、去离子水和海水)涂层的摩擦学性能。结果表明:V-Al-C涂层呈柱状晶结构生长,晶粒粗大;N的引入阻碍V-Al-C涂层的柱状晶结构生长,结构致密化,晶粒尺寸减小,形成非晶碳包裹纳米晶的纳米复合结构,使硬度从(14±0.48)GPa增加到(24.5±0.8)GPa,韧性得到相应提高(H/E>0.1)。摩擦试验结果显示:大气干摩擦条件下,V-Al-C涂层摩擦系数为0.70,引入N后V-Al-C-N摩擦系数降为0.42,这主要是由于V-Al-C-N涂层在摩擦过程中生成了具有润滑效果的V2O5,在非晶碳与V2O5耦合润滑作用下,涂层摩擦系数降低了40%;对于同一涂层,在去离子水和海水环境下的摩擦系数较大气干摩擦条件下降低,主要原因为:前者吸附的水分子可形成边界润滑作用。进一步研究表明:海水环境摩擦时,海水中Mg2+、Ca2+生成Mg(OH)2、CaCO3,均可提供进一步润滑效果,摩擦系数最低。在以上三种环境摩擦过程中,30min后V-Al-C涂层均因严重的磨粒磨损已磨穿而失效,且在腐蚀和磨损的协同作用下,海水环境中的磨损率最高。使用N掺杂制备的V-Al-C-N涂层均显示出良好的抗磨损性能,在干摩擦时磨损率为3.0×10-16m3/Nm,在海水中为1.4×10 15m3/Nm。
分类: 材料科学 >> 材料科学(综合) 提交时间: 2016-11-15 合作期刊: 《金属学报》
摘要:利用OM, EBSD, XRD及物理化学相分析法,对不同卷取温度下Ti-V-Mo复合微合金化热轧高强钢的强化增量进行了估算和分析,分别讨论了卷取温度对屈服强度和MC相粒子对均匀塑性的影响规律。结果表明,在600 ℃卷取时,实验钢具有最佳的综合力学性能:抗拉强度UTS为1134 MPa,屈服强度YS为1080 MPa, 延伸率A为13.2%, 均匀延伸率Au为6.8%,其析出强化增量σp高达444~480 MPa左右,主要是由质量分数高达72.6 wt%的10 nm以下的(Ti, V, Mo)C粒子提供的。析出强化和细晶强化是实验钢主要的强化方式,σp的改变是导致实验钢不同卷取温度下YS变化的主要因素。随着卷取温度由500 ℃升高至600 ℃,实验钢的UTS和YS不断增加,Au不但没有降低,反而呈线性缓慢增加。其主要原因是σp对屈服强度的贡献量不断提高,在提高强度的同时改善了均匀塑性。
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 生物物理、生物化学与分子生物学 提交时间: 2016-05-12
摘要:With the aim of broadening the versatility of lentiviral vectors as a tool in nucleic acid research, we expanded the genetic code in the propagation of lentiviral vectors for site-specific incorporation of chemical moieties with unique properties. Through systematic exploration of the structure-function relationship of lentiviral VSVg envelope by site-specific mutagenesis and incorporation of residues displaying azide- and diazirine-moieties, the modifiable sites on the vector surface were identified, with most at the PH domain that neither affects the expression of envelope protein nor propagation or infectivity of the progeny virus. Furthermore, via the incorporation of such chemical moieties, a variety of fluorescence probes, ligands, PEG and other functional molecules are conjugated, orthogonally and stoichiometrically, to the lentiviral vector. Using this methodology, a facile platform is established that is useful for tracking virus movement, targeting gene delivery and detecting virus-host interactions. This study may provide a new direction for rational design of lentiviral vectors, with significant impact on both basic research and therapeutic applications.
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 生物力学与生物流变学 提交时间: 2016-05-12
摘要:Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 are essential genes conserved from yeast to humans. They form a heterotrimer complex (9-1-1 complex) that participates in the cell cycle checkpoint activation and DNA damage repair in eukaryotic cells. Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 deficient cells are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and mouse cells deleted for anyone of the three genes are highly sensitive to the killing by gamma rays. We propose that ionizing radiation-induced transcription of these genes is a mechanism by which cells respond to radiation-induced damage. In this study we used quantitative real-time RT-PCR(qPCR) to analyze the mRNA levels of Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 in various tissues isolated from mice that were either mock irradiated or exposed to 10 Gy gamma radiation. Our results indicated that the mRNA levels of Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 genes were very different among these tissues, and we found high natural levels of mRNA in the spleen, lung, ovary and testis of mice before exposure to radiation. The mRNA levels of the three genes were well correlated across these tissues, being high, medium or low in each of the tissues simultaneously. The mRNA levels of the three genes were analyzed at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. In most tissues Rad9 was strongly induced at 2 and 12 h time points and Hus1 was strongly induced at 2, 12 and 48 h time points, but Rad1 was minimally induced in most of the tissues with the exception of slightly higher levels in the heart and lung tissues at the 48 h time point. These results suggest that the regulation mechanisms for the mRNA levels of the three genes in response to ionizing radiation are complex and not well orchestrated. We also detected the induction of Rad9 and Hus1 proteins in the heart and liver of the animals after irradiation, and found that Rad9 protein levels were highly induced in both the heart and liver, while the Hus1 protein levels were significantly induced only in the liver, suggesting that Rad9 and Hus1 protein levels are not regulated in a coordinated manner in response to irradiation. We then went on to measure the mRNA levels of the three genes and the Rad9 and Hus1 protein levels in the mouse liver cell line (NCTC 1469) in response to irradiation in vitro. All three genes in the cultured cells were minimally induced at mRNA level, obviously different from the highly dynamic induction in liver. Rad9 and Hus1 were significantly induced at the protein level, but the induced Rad9 protein levels were higher than the Hus1 levels. Taken together, the good correlation of the mRNA levels of Rad9, Hus1 and Rad1 genes across different tissues isolated from the animals that were mock irradiated and the lack of correlation in mRNA as well as protein levels after irradiation suggest that the 9-1-1 complex has evolved to play various physiological roles in tissues rather than dealing with high doses of gamma radiation or other genotoxic agents. (C) 2015 by Radiation Research Society