分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2023-02-02 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要：近年来黄河流域人与水资源矛盾愈发突出，尤其是地下水储量的过度消耗已成为限制该区域人与自然和谐发展的主要矛盾之一。基于重力反演与气候实验卫星数据和全球陆面数据同化系数数据，根据流域水循环与水量平衡原理，测算2003—2016年黄河流域地下水储量的变化情况，在探究其时空变化特征的基础上，识别了地下水储量下降明显区域的人口暴露度。结果表明：（1）空间分布上，黄河流域地下水储量西多东少，由西向东下降程度不断加剧，且下降区域呈现由下游
向中上游扩散的态势。下降区域主要集中在中东部地区，变化等级以较剧烈减少和剧烈减少为主。（2）时间变化上，2003—2016年黄河流域地下水储量整体呈下降趋势，年均降幅为5.93 mm·a-1。其中，2004—2016年为连续下降，2015—2016年的下降幅度最大；另外，地下水储量时间变化存在季节效应，地下水储量下降幅度春季最大、冬季次之、秋季再次之、夏季最小。（3）地下水暴露风险状态下的地级市人口密度在空间上呈东高西低、中部交错分布的状态，暴露风险人口密度最大地级市共16个；地下水储量下降人口累积百分比呈现明显上升的趋势，在2016年达到最大值。研究
结果以期为黄河流域地下水资源可持续利用提供科学参考。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2021-04-22 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： We provide estimates of glacier mass changes in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) area from April 2002 to August 2016 by employing a new version of gravity solutions of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin-satellite mission. We found a total mass loss trend of the HMA glaciers at a rate of –22.17 (±1.96) Gt/a. The largest mass loss rates of –7.02 (±0.94) and –6.73 (±0.78) Gt/a are found for the glaciers in Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas, respectively. Although most glaciers in the HMA area show a mass loss, we find a small glacier mass gain of 1.19 (±0.55) and 0.77 (±0.37) Gt/a in Karakoram Mountains and West Kunlun Mountains, respectively. There is also a nearly zero mass balance in Pamirs. Our estimates of glacier mass change trends confirm previous results from the analysis of altimetry data of the ICESat (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) DEM (Digital Elevation Model) satellites in most of the selected glacier areas. However, they largely differ to previous GRACE-based studies which we attribute to our different post-processing techniques of the newer GRACE data. In addition, we explicitly show regional mass change features for both the interannual glacier mass changes and the 14-a averaged seasonal glacier mass changes. These changes can be explained in parts by total net precipitation (net snowfall and net rainfall) and net snowfall, but mostly by total net radiation energy when compared to data from the ERA5-Land meteorological reanalysis. Moreover, nearly all the non-trend interannual mass changes and most seasonal mass changes can be explained by the total net radiation energy data. The mass loss trends could be partly related to a heat effect due to increased net rainfall in Tianshan Mountains, Qilian Mountains, Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas. Our new results for the glacier mass change in this study could help improve the understanding of glacier variation in the HMA area and contribute to the study of global change. They could also serve the utilization of water resources there and in neighboring areas.
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