Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the establishment of the first human diploid cell line derived from aborted fetal tissue in the 1960s, human embryoderived cells have been widely used in biomedical field and significantly contributes to improving human health. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), have shown great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, and thus received great attention from governments and the public. However, due to various factors such as history, culture, religious beliefs, ethics and morality, research and application involving human embryo-derived cells have been controversial worldwide. This study explores the history and progress of human embryo-derived cells in the field of biomedicine, and analyzes the evolution of regulatory systems in different countries, with the aim of facilitating the improvement of China’s regulatory framework and technical requirements in this field.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The rapid development of biotechnology and information technology has brought life sciences into a new era of data explosion. The traditional life science research paradigm struggles to reveal the fundamental rules of complex biological systems from rapidly growing biological big data. As artificial intelligence continues to achieve disruptive breakthroughs in life science, a new paradigm driven by AI is emerging. This study delves into typical examples of life science research driven by AI, proposes the concept and key elements of the new life science research paradigm, elaborates on the cutting-edge of life science research under this new paradigm, and discusses the challenges in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-08-21 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：作物病虫害是威胁全世界农业生产的重大自然灾害。目前，病虫害防治的核心思想仍然是简单杀灭，主要依靠以病虫微生物的基础代谢、生理生化系统和神经受体为靶标的化学农药，过程中易导致人畜中毒、农产品污染和生态环境破坏等一系列严重的问题。下一代病虫害防治学术思想的重大突破将是对作物-昆虫-病原微生物生物间信息流及行为进行操纵。在基础研究方面，“生物间信息的识别、解码与操纵”也是现代生命科学的前沿与热点学科——生物间相互作用的分子机理一旦被阐明，往往带动通用生物技术的发展突破。例如RNA干扰（RNAi）现象、植物转化技术和TALEN基因组编辑技术等科学发现和技术进步，已经为整个生命科学领域作出了重大贡献。中科院“作物病虫害的导向性防控——生物间信息流与行为操纵”战略性先导科技专项（B类）集合了各学科的优势力量，系统地分析在作物重大病虫害发生过程中种间信息识别、解码、传递和控制的过程，从中解析关键可操纵节点，发展新一代病虫害田间行为操纵的新策略与新技术。该专项目前已经取得了系列重大研究成果，为竞争国际科学前沿地位、保障我国粮食生产安全作出了基础性、前瞻性的贡献。
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