Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In this paper, the connotation of space-time reference and its relationship with space activities are described comprehensively. Time system, celestial reference frame, planetary ephemeris and pulsar timing are outlined. The gap between China and abroad development on space-time reference and its causes are analyzed. At the end, some suggestions for future development in China are proposed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) is one of the advanced technologies for human to explore and understand the ocean. It is an important equipment for China’s construction of a marine power. This study introduces the current development status of UUV, with special focus on the latest application achievements of China’s pedigree UUV developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in deep-sea mineral resource exploration, deep-sea scientific research, abyss research and North-South polar expedition. Combined with the current research basis of UUV, the development and application of underwater vehicle in the future are prospected. Through the research and development of far-reaching marine scientific research equipment adapted to extreme marine environment, the technological leap from voyage type scientific research mode to deep-sea long-term resident scientific research mode is realized, and the revolutionary transformation from manned scientific research mode to unmanned scientific research mode is also realized.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the process of cognition and exploration of the ocean, underwater observation and detection equipment is the necessary facility to enter and detect the ocean. These types of equipment provide technical support for the development and utilization of marine resources and is an important grip for the implementation of China’s marine strategy and the construction of a strong marine country. However, limited by the current level of energy supply, the underwater equipment has problems such as single operation capacity and short single endurance time, which cannot meet the needs of long-term operation under complex working conditions. As the development of marine resources and the defense of sea frontiers in various countries in the world are becoming more and more intense, the construction of transparent marine engineering and submarine factories urgently need to build intelligent underwater equipment clusters, and urgently need energy and power support with high energy density, high safety, high reliability, and long life. Therefore, we need to innovate the underwater energy supply model, build a powerful underwater energy base station with multiple complementary functions of “generating, storing, transmitting, and using”, and overcome the technical bottleneck of underwater energy supply, Providing sufficient energy and power for intelligent and clustered underwater equipment to better assist the construction of China’s marine capability.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： An overview is presented of the status of pressure-resistant structural materials and structural functional materials for application in marine observation and exploration platform. The key roles of new materials in facilitating high performance marine equipment are highlighted. The most in-demand observation tasks concern the upper ocean and low cost materials must be developed to manufacture affordable equipment. For deep ocean observations, future challenges are identified for developing next-generation high strength titanium alloys, buoyancy materials, lighting materials, and lubricating and sealing materials. Recommendations are proposed regarding project organization and research paradigm update, and emphasis is placed upon identifying and solving scientific problems underlying the technical advance of the materials.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the continuous progress of ocean observation technology, more and more technical means have been provided for marine environmental safety technology. The marine environmental security technology plays an indispensable role in the national Belt and Road Initiatives. Meanwhile, it not only plays a crucial role in the achievement of building a maritime power and the maintenance of national maritime security, but also plays a positive role in promoting the construction of a “community with a shared future for the oceans” and implementing the goal of marine sustainable development. Based on the practical problems, this study introduces the system composition of marine environmental security technology, namely marine environment parameter perception technology, data integrated and analysis technology and application security technology. This paper expounds the current situation of the marine environmental security technology as well as its developmental trends in the future from four perspectives: (1) full-time, global and multidimensional monitoring and detection capability; (2) efficient, safe, stable and reliable information transmission capability; (3) real-time, accurate, objective and quantitative prediction capability; and (4) the capability of accurate tactic selection, efficient and convenient auxiliary decision-making and precise technical support.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The marine area is a strategic area of China. To build China into a strong maritime country, we should enhance the capacity for exploiting marine resources, develop the maritime economy, protect the marine ecological environment, and resolutely safeguard national maritime rights and interests. Promoting marine science and technology to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the construction of maritime country. The marine scientific observation and exploration is the basic means of understanding the ocean, and is also an important basis for the marine resources development, environmental protection and rights and interests protection. This paper reviews the important progresses of global and national ocean observation and exploration program and network, with a view to highlight the practice of ocean scientific observation and exploration technology system construction in Chinese Academy of Sciences, and puts forward thoughts and suggestions on next steps. To build up China’s strength in ocean scientific observation and exploration technology system, we should further strengthen the top-level design to drive the “twin engines” of national strategic needs and frontier trends in science and technology, redouble efforts on developing scientific and technological breakthroughs to make continued efforts to solve the most urgent key problems, and innovate improve institutions and mechanisms to make full use of China’s strategic science and technology capabilities in the marine field, so as to provide strong scientific and technological support for the construction of China as a maritime power.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Promoting the regional demonstration of energy technology for carbon peak and carbon neutrality (referred to as “dual carbon”) is an important part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ action plan to support the “dual carbon” goals. This study discusses the significance of carrying out the comprehensive demonstration of “dual carbon” technology from the two dimensions of “technology integration demonstration” and “typical regional demonstration”. Besides, based on the existing research layout in the energy field of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the idea and four mainlines are proposed for the Chinese Academy of Sciences to promote “multi-energy integration”, which are clean and efficient utilization and coupling substitution of fossil energy, multi-energy complementation and large-scale application of non-fossil energy, industrial low-carbon and zero-carbon process reengineering, and digital intelligent integration optimization, namely. Finally, combined with the work of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, this study discusses the background, goals, and technical routes of the comprehensive demonstration of multi-energy fusion technology in Northern Shaanxi, Liaoning Province, and Shandong Province, respectively for researchers and decision makers.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Energy storage is one of the important supporting technologies to achieve the “dual carbon” goals, and it is an important means to stabilize renewable energy fluctuations and reduce the impact of large-scale new energy access on the power grid. At present, the competition of global energy resources is becoming increasingly fierce, and China is also facing significant changes in the adjustment of energy structure. To implement the energy strategy of “four revolutions and one cooperation” in the new era, and to realize the “14th Five-Year Plan” as well as the “Long-range Objectives Through the Year 2035”, China needs to build a new system of energy structure with Chinese characteristics, driven by “clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient” energy resources. Achieving the complementary integration of clean energy and fossil energy is the key to building a new “clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient” energy system. The development of large-scale energy storage technology is not only a necessary measure for the low-carbon and clean power system, but also a powerful means to seize the strategic commanding heights of the international energy technology and ensure national energy security.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Scientific and technological innovation plays key supporting and leading roles to achieve “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals (referred to as “dual carbon”). It is necessary to make sustained efforts in the three aspects, namely energy structure adjustment, energy consumption, and carbon sequestration, and build a novel multi-energy-integrated energy production and utilization system based on hydrogen energy, energy storage, and methanol, in which the main lines are clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, large-scale utilization and complementation of clean energy, low-carbon reconstruction of industrial processes, and intelligent multi-energy integration of building and transportation. In 2022, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched the scientific and technological action plan to support dual carbon goals. By implementing eight major actions including strategic research, cross-innovation of basic frontiers, breakthroughs in key technologies, comprehensive demonstration of new technologies and other scientific and technological innovation, deploying talent team building, international cooperation, improvement of innovation system capabilities, and popular science and dissemination actions, the action plan is to provide vigorous scientific and technological support for China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is well understood among industries that biological resources are the strategic resources of the nation. The increase in the magnitude of the data generated by the arrival of the omniscience era will promote the transformation of life science research into a new paradigm of “data-intensive science”. Therefore, the big data of biological resources has become a national strategic resource as well as the focus of international technology competition and strategic commanding heights. At present, to establish a national infrastructure for biological resources is urgently needed. This infrastructure incorporates a technical system that supports the conservation, utilization, development, mining and sustainable use of biological resources and an integrated data system which can effectively manage, analyze and use massive data. These services will contribute greatly to support the scientific discovery and industrial innovation development in the frontier of biological resources of our nation. Biological resources information platform has cooperated with Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-BRP) to form a complete data system including data management specifications, data collection platform, data portal and data visualization system, which effectively motivate the integration, sharing, mining and utilization of strategic biological resources data of CAS. The data system covers 6 981 465 data of material resources including botanical gardens, biological specimen, biological genetic resources, laboratory animals resouces and biodiversity observation and research network from 42 research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All resources can be shared through the data portal www.casbrc.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The clean and efficient use of coal is of great significance to China’s energy security and environmental protection. Coal to liquids, coal to olefins and coal to glycol are the major clean coal technologies of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), which have reached the international advanced level and become the innovation models in China’s energy development. To cross the gap between the laboratory and industrialization, different approaches are used to integrate social resources in transformation of scientific and technological achievements. This paper reviews the industrialization development and various situations encountered in technology transfer and transformation of these three technologies. From the existing problems and challenges, the suggestions are proposed for the next step of the technology transfer and transformation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Energy is the material basis for the survival and development of a country. Sustainable high-quality development of the economic society with the green transformation of energy resources is a long-term and tough task. The construction of clean, lowcarbon, safe and highly efficient energy system is an important strategic goal putting forward by the government for the future energy development of China, while technological innovation is the key to such goal. Based on the analysis of Chinese energy development status, major problems and great challenges, combining with global energy development trends, this study proposed a new idea on the development strategy of energy technology of China, the main line of which is the clean and efficient use of fossil resources and coupling substitution, multi-energy complementarity and scale application of clean energy, and the low-carbon multi-energy strategic integration.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As an important means to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization, hydrogen energy has attracted global attention. As the United States has more than 30 years of practical experience in hydrogen energy R&D and application, this study conducts a detailed investigation on the hydrogen energy development plan and strategy formulated by the U.S. government, analyzes the U.S. hydrogen energy strategy and development objectives, direction and achievements since 1990, and focuses on the latest U.S. hydrogen energy development strategy in 2020 and the hydrogen energy breakthrough plan in 2021. It is concluded that the current US government has moved from initially establishing hydrogen energy technology reserves and promoting the application of hydrogen fuel cells in the transportation industry to accelerating the R&D and commercialization of the low-cost whole chain of hydrogen energy, especially green hydrogen technology under the goal of carbon neutralization, with diversified goals such as realizing the goal of carbon neutralization, establishing and developing hydrogen economy, and occupying a leading position in the global hydrogen energy technology and market. At the same time, the United States has relatively mature R&D and demonstration experience in electrolytic water technology. In the future, it will develop in the direction of megawatt scale and clean hydrogen production from renewable energy such as solar energy and nuclear energy. Based on such analysis, it is suggested that China should strengthen top-level design of hydrogen energy development, tackle key problems and breaking through core technologies of hydrogen energy, establish the development model of the
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Taking space-time datum of Global Navigation Satellite Systems as a clue, this paper starts from the basic principle of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) and it’s technical realization including space-time relation, orbit and distance measurement, precise timing and time synchronization, expounds the fundamental contribution of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in precisely measuring and basic supporting for space-time datum which is the most indispensable for BDS (China’s GNSS).
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In recent years, crop molecular maker assisted selection has been developing rapidly in China. Automatic seed chipper is the key equipment that affects the breeding scale and speed. The related technology is developing very fast, and will improve the level of crop breeding in the future. Here we introduce the value of automatic seed chipper in crop breeding, the domestic and international development status and technical principle. We also describe the technical characteristics of China’s first commercial breeding seed chip equipment in detail, and point out the development in our breeding seed chip equipment.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Soybean is one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops that provide the majority of plant proteins, and more than a quarter of the world’s food and animal feed. At present, the soybean breeding technology in China mainly relys on conventional breeding, and the levels of both fundamental study and production lag behind those of the United States. Supported by “Innovative System of Designer Breeding by Molecular Modules”, one of the strategic priority research programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese soybean scientists have dissected several important molecular modules controlling yield and seed quality, revealed the coupling mechanisms of diverse molecular modules, bred a series of designer soybean varieties for field tests or regional trials, which together to establish the first-generation molecular module-based designer breeding systems in soybean. In the future, we should continue to strengthen germplasm resources evaluation and exploitation system, promote autonomy public database building, improve the data sharing mechanism, vigorously develop breakthrough technologies for high and stable yield soybean and for soybean replacement feed crops, speed up the molecular design breeding and artificial intelligence breeding systems, cultivate breakthrough soybean varieties, develop green and efficient cultivation techniques. With these studies, it is expected to enhance the soybeans production capacity and relieve soybean demand gap in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Maize is one of the most important food crops and plays a decisive role in the people's livelihood and national economy in China. Its sustained and stable production is of great strategic significance for ensuring food security and supply-side structural reform. Although traditional hybrid breeding technology has made a great contribution to increasing maize production, it can no longer satisfy the demand for a better life of current society. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, molecular breeding has become an important direction and an inevitable choice for maize breeding, and the molecular module-based crop design technology, by combining multiple disciplines to achieve multi-module optimization and assembly at the whole genome level, will greatly promote maize breeding in China. Here, we provide an overview on the development of maize breeding technology and the significant achievements of molecular module-based technology in maize breeding recently. Finally, directions for maize breeding in future are also discussed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Gene editing includes genetic manipulations like deletion, replacement, insertion, etc., which aims to obtain new gene functions, phenotypes, and even new species. As a burgeoning field of life science, gene editing has brought genetic manipulation into an unprecedented grand state. Here, we summary the developments of the technologies in gene editing, and the challenges and opportunities we currently facing, which aims to deepen the comprehension of this technique systems, and help to find breakpoints of this field.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-02-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：中科院战略性先导科技专项（简称“先导专项”），分为A、B两类，其中，A类先导专项侧重于突破战略高技术、重大公益性关键核心科技问题，促进技术变革和新兴产业的形成发展，服务我国经济社会可持续发展。
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