Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In May 2013, with the release of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) as a symbol, the reform of international research evaluation began. Over the past decade, the reform of international research evaluation has undergone extensive theoretical preparation and initiatives, and is now moving towards practice. More than 350 institutions from over 40 countries have signed agreements to reform research evaluation and carried out pilot reforms, with initial results. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes the ten-year reform of international research evaluation in three aspects: reform goals, measures, and cases. From the perspective of comparing with China’s research evaluation reform, research conclusions and inspirations are drawn.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Over the past decade, there have been many scientific and technological evaluation reform documents and great efforts represented by “Three Evaluations” and breaking “Four Only”, which have achieved good results but the gap is still huge. This reform has better eliminated the surface problems such as unreasonable evaluation quantity, frequency, and index in the “Three Evaluations”. The reform has been initiated in the reward system, talent plan, and project fund management, but is still halfway. The reform of scientific and technological evaluation has not yet achieved a fundamental improvement in the value orientation of guiding scientific researchers to pursue excellence from the bottom, and the problem of new evaluation approach remains to be solved.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strategic basic research is a novel concept evolves along with the historical development and understanding of what constitutes as basic research. It evolves from the interactions among different communities and their changing practices, the management and new demand from the government, the changing relationship between public and scientific community and the changes of funding structures for science and technology. This paper first reviews the historical development and understanding of basic research so that to investigate how has the concept of strategic basic research evolved, and then it summarizes the international practices of management and funding of basic research in the USA, EU, and Japan so that to identify how they address the emerging need of strategic basic research in their own context.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This paper sorts out and clarifies the concept of strategic basic research, and summarizes the international experiences in supporting strategic basic research. On this basis, it analyzes the main problems in supporting strategic basic research in China, such as the lack of top-level design, unclear funding objects, and insufficient sustainable and stable support. Some suggestions are put forward, such as setting up an independent strategic basic research program, taking the national strategic forces as the main forces to organize and implement the strategic basic research program, and establishing a dual-track supporting model that coordinates the directional project funding and the institutional block funding.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： How to fund and manage major scientific projects of scientific frontier or national needs, including topic selection, funding programs, performance evaluation, etc., is an urgent problem facing in China. In this study, the federal government of the United States funding and organizing research on the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease was studied to reveal the key mechanisms behind its significant progress. It is found that the United States has formed a set of relatively mature and effective financial support mechanism in science and technology projects, including organization and mobilization, object management, performance evaluation, budget evaluation. This set of mechanism is the base for performance management of major scientific projects, and also the foundation of financial effectiveness. This research studied the practices and experiences of the United States. in funding and managing major scientific projects, and also raised important implication for China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The current practices of S&T budget performance evaluation in China put more weight on efficacy than efficiency and effectiveness. This study puts forward an innovative 3E theory in the field of S&T budgeting performance evaluation based on Peter Checkland’s 3E evaluation model and the existing practices of S&T budget performance evaluation in China. To unswervingly uphold and approach the new request for improving the S&T input effectiveness emphasized at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, it is a must to carry out a comprehensive S&T budget performance evaluation in the new era on the basis of the 3E theory of S&T budget performance evaluation. Additionally, this research gives detailed analysis on how to do the evaluation based on the 3E theory.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Having practiced for more than 20 years, China has basically established the framework of fiscal performance evaluation system and method. As one of the majorly applied fiscal performance evaluation methods in China, Comprehensive Scoring Method (CSM) has played a critical role in the rapid promotion of performance evaluation practice due to its standardization, transparency, and operability. However, CSM is also challenged by certain problems, such as multi-dimensional hybrid evaluation, progress-focused evaluation, and poor reflection of the actual performance, and even it faced with severer challenges for its application in science and technology field. Based on the aforementioned problems, this study aims to systemically analyze the issues and disputes of CSM, and to bring up new options and ideas in the CSM reform based on the new demands of state full promotion of budget performance evaluation in the new era and related international practices.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 2018, the state issued breaking the “Siwei” related document, while “Siwei” means only papers, only titles, only education back ground, and only awards, and five ministries and institutions, i.e., Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Engineering, collaboratedly started the special action of breaking “Siwei”. Most researchers in universities and research institutions have both expectations and concerns. There are different opinions on how to break the “Siwei” into a hot topic. Based on the introduction and analysis of the development and evolution of more than 20-year research institute evaluation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), this study holds that the research institute evaluation of CAS has gone out a road of breaking the “Siwei” and formed the CAS mode, thus providing a way of thinking for how to break the “Siwei” from the perspective of practical cases.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Open research data is considered to be the most significant feature of scientific research activities in the next decade. On the basis of existing ecological observations and the “opening of large scientific data” generated by large scientific research equipment, the European Union and the United States are also actively promoting the opening of “small science” research data generated by individual researchers in the process of scientific research. The opening of small scientific research data is expected to connect the fragmented scientific research individuals into a scientific research innovation network, thereby triggering new reforms in the scientific research organization model and innovation paradigm. This research firstly sorts out the practices of European and American countries in open research data from three aspects: the promotion of funding institutions, the construction of data journals, and the practice of open platforms for scientific research data. Then, three enlightenments for open research data in China are proposed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： “Convergence Science” is a new paradigm of scientific research based on multi-disciplinary integration to solve grand problems, which is considered as a new opportunity for human beings to address major economic and social problems. Promoting “Convergence Science” means the fundamental change of scientific research ecology, one of the most basic aspects is the open sharing of data. Based on the basic characteristics of “Convergence Science” as a new paradigm of scientific research, this study puts forward new requirements of “Convergence Science” in terms of basic data, such as the whole disciplines, the whole processes and the full panorama, and then introduces the successful practice of open data supporting “Convergence Science”. Finally, it looks forward to the future prospect of promoting “Convergence Science” with “open data”.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-08-21 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：科技评价问题成为久攻不破的堡垒，学界、政府和社会不断争议和探索，正如百万迁徙角马在跨越马拉河前的徘徊与尝试。文章分析提出我国科技评价问题难以解决的根本原因在于没有厘清政府与科学的关系，没有处理好整体推进和重点突破的关系，没有赋予处于学术高地机构以特殊政策和自主权，使之发挥“领头角马”的作用，率先实现从“此岸”到“彼岸”的跨越，构建起以追求卓越为价值导向的评价体系。由此，文章尝试提出科技评价改革的“领头角马”理论，即发挥好“领头角马”的作用是科技评价改革的突破口之所在，并结合我国实际提出相应的政策建议。
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