Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
BIAN Wenyue
LIANG Xingjie
GE Chunlei
HUI Zhongyang
JIA Xiaoqi
LIU Si
YE Jing
CHEN Xiaoyi
WANG Wenjun
JU Huajun
Abstract： Nanoscale science and technology (nano S&T) are at the frontier of global strategic high-tech competition. After examining nearly 160 strategy and planning documents released by scientific and technological powerhouses from 2000 to 2023, the study finds ten common approaches adopted by the powerhouses to advance nano S&T as follows. (1) Recognizing nano S&T as a key area for the economy and global competition. (2) Establishing cross-department organizations to meet the cross-disciplinary nature of nano S&T. (3) Developing strategic plans to guide the development of nano S&T and implementing major programs with significant investment. (4) Establishing multidisciplinary nano S&T research centers based upon institutions with strength. (5) Building and maintaining physical and cyber R&D infrastructures for nano S&T. (6) Promoting convergence of nanotechnology, information technology, biotechnology, and cognition science. (7) Establishing facilities to accelerate the commercialization of promising discoveries. (8) Paying close attention to the possible effects of nano S&T on the environment and human health. (9) Developing a skilled workforce and recruiting overseas talents. (10) Engaging in international collaborations. The study also finds that the powerhouses have continued to pay close attention to nano S&T during the past three years, focusing on issues such as leveraging nano S&T to help address significant societal challenges and preparing for the oncoming data-intensive R&D paradigm. Moreover, the study discusses the progress and shortcomings of nano S&T in China and proposes suggestions for R&D in the future after taking account of the findings presented above. The suggestions include promoting the commercialization of promising R&D, building and maintaining nanomaterial databases, establishing nano S&T think tanks, and putting in place a system of developing talent who can adapt to scientific and technological trends and meet the demands of the development of nano S&T.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the collaborative innovation of various innovation actors is an effective way to implement the national strategy of achieving a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance. China needs to learn from the mature countries when in the important period of promoting and developing the collaborative innovation among actors. Based on reviewing the concepts and organizational modes of collaborative innovation in the literature, this work carries out a case study of Germany’s four major public research institutes and finds five collaborative innovation organizational modes: project-type, integrated-type, alliance-type, platformtype and network-type. Then, the study analyzes and summarizes the characteristics, the advantages, and the suitable application situation of the different modes from the perspectives of the innovation objectives, the collaborative actors, the organizational mechanisms, the investment way, the government’s role, the collaborative effectiveness, etc. Policy enlightenment is proposed in the conclusion.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study focuses on the strategies, targets and policy measures for carbon neutrality in global major economies. The research shows that due to the different socio-economic and political foundations, the transition strategy towards carbon neutrality in major economies is also varied, which can be divided into four categories: leading strategy, growth strategy, following strategy, and swing strategy. Most of them build carbon neutrality target system with the framework of “target roadmap+targets in key areas”, but leading countries usually integrate targets into legislation and thus the objective is legally binding, while others tend to weaken emission reduction targets and focus on the development goals of emerging industries. The main reason is that the existing technologies fail to support the realization of carbon neutrality. Most economies attach importance to S&T innovation for carbon neutrality with the purpose of increasing industrial competitiveness. But the pursuit of “local manufacturing” in Europe and America may not be conducive to reducing the cost of new technologies. In terms of market incentives, carbon emission trading market is widely used, but the carbon pricing mechanism still needs to be further optimized. This study has important enlightenment significance for China to improve carbon neutrality policy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This work studies various official documents issued by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan in the field of energy within the last decade, and analyzes strategic plans, funds, scientific and technological projects deployment, organizational mechanisms by the content analysis method. It is found that there are some common features in energy policies of the above countries and regions: natural resources conditions are the basis for developing energy policies, diversification and clean and efficient usage are common targets, scientific and technological innovation is important for achieving the targets. Finally, some suggestions are put forward on energy transition in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan of China’s central and local governments, it is clearly proposed to develop the future industries. In order to provide decision-making reference for the future industries development plan of China, this study has analyzed the future industries development plans of major countries in the world. By collecting 22 future industries development plans of 7 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, South Korea, and Russia, this paper summarizes the concept, characteristics, significance, and evolution trends of global future industries development. The deployment of the future industries of these seven countries are analyzed in detail, and the experience is summarized at the same time. Three enlightenments are put forward for China: the future industries development should be upgraded to a national strategy and future industries development plan and roadmap should be planed comprehensively, the future industries should be systematically studied by think tank, such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the R&D of the key technologies of the future industries should be strengthened.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the next 10 to 15 years, scientific and technological progress will change the industrial structure and global economic growth, and will profoundly change people’s needs for food, clothing, housing, transportation and their forms of the needs to meet. Based on the foresight analysis data of economic, social, and technological development from major countries and international organizations or big enterprises, with the method of information and knowledge element analysis, this study describes human#2;based vision from the following five aspects, life, work, health, information, and safety. For each aspect, we put forward some social development trends, visions, specific scenarios, and key future technology groups. All of these provide references for drawing up China's future development vision and technological innovation demands.
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