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  • Design Optimization and Test of Air Supply System for Multi-Duct Sprayer

    Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Other Disciplines of Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science submitted time 2023-02-17 Cooperative journals: 《智慧农业(中英文)》

    Abstract: In view of the uneven distribution of airflow inside the multi-air-duct sprayer, the air flow caused by the air outlet is disturbed and the droplet can not be evenly deposited on the fruit tree canopy. In this research, the length parameter of the inner baffle plate of the multi-duct sprayer was optimized. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate and analyze the internal airflow of the air supply system of the multi-duct sprayer based on Star-CCM+ software. The standard deviations of the wind speed of the wind outlet 1~6 at different guide plates were 0.7468, 0.6776, 1.4441, 5.1305, 4.5768 and 0.8209, respectively. Among them, the standard deviations of wind speed value at Point 1, Point 2 and Point 6 were less than 1, indicating that the change of deflector length has little impact on the speed change. The standard deviations of wind speed value at Point 3, Point 4 and Point 5 were large, indicating that with the change of deflector length, the wind speed at Air outlet 3, Air outlet 4, Air outlet 5 were greatly affected. On this basis, through the response surface analysis of Air outlet 3, Air outlet 4 and Air outlet 5, it was determined that, the length of Deflector 1 as 200 mm, the length of Deflector 2 as 60 mm and the length of Deflector 3 as 50 mm, was the optimal parameter combination. Under the optimal combination parameters, the wind speed values of symmetrical Air outlet 3 and Air outlet 6 were 39.135 and 41.320 m/s, respectively, with a relative deviations of 5.58%. The wind speed values of air outlet 4 and air outlet 5 were 33.022 and 34.328 m/s, respectively, with a relative deviation of 3.95%, which meeting the design requirements of sprayer. The indoor wind speed test results showed that the average wind speed of the upper layer was 15.75 m/s, the average wind speed of the middle layer was 20.83 m/s, and the average wind speed of the lower layer was 28.27 m/s, which met the end speed principle. The wind field was distributed according to the shape of the fruit tree canopy. The wind field of the left and right sides of the sprayer was symmetrical distributed and the air distribution was uniform. The work can provide a reference for the design of multi-duct sprayer.

  • 不同添加剂对杂交构树青贮发酵品质的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验以杂交构树为研究对象,探讨糖蜜、酶菌复合制剂以及防腐剂对杂交构树青贮发酵品质的影响,为新型木本饲料资源的开发利用提供技术参考。试验分为5个组,分别为对照组(无添加)、添加霉菌复合制剂组(M组)、添加糖蜜组(TM组)、添加霉菌复合制剂+糖蜜组(MTM组)以及添加防腐剂组(FFJ组),每组3个重复。发酵60 d。结果表明:1与对照组相比,各添加剂组的pH均显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),不同程度地提高了发酵品质。2与对照组相比,M组、MTM组及FFJ组均显著降低了氨态氮/总氮,其中FFJ组的干物质含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而pH和氨态氮/总氮显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。3与对照组相比,M组及MTM组的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上,在杂交构树青贮中添加糖蜜、酶菌复合制剂及防腐剂,在发酵品质和营养价值方面均有明显的改善,其中MTM组和FFJ组具有较低的pH,能更好地保存粗蛋白质和干物质,FFJ组效果最好,但MTM组成本更低些。

  • 饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率和生产性能的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同剂量的复合酶制剂对奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及生产性能的影响。试验选取体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相同或相近的泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛32头,采用随机区组试验设计分为4组,每组8头。对照组饲喂不添加复合酶制剂的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%复合酶制剂的试验饲粮,预试期10 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%复合酶制剂显著提高瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸含量(P<0.05);添加复合酶制剂对瘤胃液乙酸含量有一定提高作用(P=0.08),而对其他挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮和微生物蛋白含量无显著影响(P>0.05),有降低pH的趋势(P=0.08)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂能显著提高干物质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P<0.05);添加0.20%复合酶制剂能显著提高有机物的表观消化率(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对血清总蛋白含量有增加趋势(P=0.09),对尿素氮含量有降低趋势(P=0.07),而对其他血清生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.10%和0.15%复合酶制剂能显著提高饲料转化率(P<0.05),0.10%组和0.15%组3.5%乳脂校正乳产量分别提高3.88和4.27 kg/d(P<0.05),0.15%组乳脂率提高12.70%(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂有助于提高饲料转化率、瘤胃发酵和生产性能,且添加量为0.15%时效果较好。

  • 6种饲料原料瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白的小肠消化率

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究新疆地区玉米青贮、棉籽壳、苜蓿草粉、苜蓿干草、葡萄籽粕、蕃茄酱渣6种奶牛饲料原料的瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)的小肠消化率(Idg)。选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法和改进三步体外法测定饲料原料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性以及RUP的Idg和小肠可消化粗蛋白质(IDCP)含量。结果表明:1)苜蓿草粉和玉米青贮的DM有效降解率最高,显著高于次之的苜蓿干草、番茄酱渣(P苜蓿草粉>玉米青贮>苜蓿干草>棉籽壳>葡萄籽粕,各原料间差异显著(P苜蓿草粉>棉籽壳>苜蓿干草>番茄酱渣>葡萄籽粕,各组饲料原料间差异显著(P棉籽壳>苜蓿干草>番茄酱渣>苜蓿草粉>葡萄籽粕,各组饲料原料间差异显著(P0.05),显著高于依次降低的玉米青贮、番茄酱渣、葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同饲料原料具有不同的瘤胃降解特性,进入小肠IDCP的效率也不同。玉米青贮的DM、NDF和ADF在瘤胃的有效降解率较高,苜蓿草粉RUP的Idg较高,苜蓿草粉和苜蓿干草的IDCP含量较高。

  • 代乳品蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究代乳品中不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响。选用体重相近、(21±5)日龄的中国荷斯坦公犊牛50头,随机分成5组,每组10头犊牛,对照组(MP组)代乳品采用乳源蛋白质,试验组代乳品采用植物源蛋白质和乳源蛋白质[粗蛋白质(CP)比为70:30],植物源蛋白质分别为大豆浓缩蛋白(SP组)、改性小麦蛋白(WP组)、花生浓缩蛋白(PP组)、大米分离蛋白(RP组)。试验期42 d,在28、42和56日龄采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵指标;在29~35日龄、57~63日龄分别进行消化代谢试验。结果显示:1)22~63日龄各组犊牛干物质采食量(DMI)平均值无显著差异(P>0.05),57~63日龄SP和RP组DMI显著高于MP、WP和PP组(P<0.05)。2)29~35日龄,有机物(OM)消化率MP组显著高于WP、PP、RP 3组(P<0.05);粗蛋白质(CP)消化率MP组显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),而SP、RP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05),WP组显著高于PP组(P<0.05);粗脂肪(EE)消化率MP、SP、RP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05);钙(Ca)消化率MP、RP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05);磷(P)消化率MP组显著高于SP、WP、PP组(P<0.05)。57~63日龄,OM消化率MP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05);CP消化率MP组显著高于WP、PP、RP组(P<0.05);Ca消化率MP组显著高于SP、WP组(P<0.05);EE消化率MP组与SP、WP、PP、RP 4组均无显著差异(P>0.05),P消化率各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)28和42日龄,各组间各瘤胃发酵指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);56日龄时,SP和RP组瘤胃液pH显著低于WP和PP组(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度MP组与其他4组无显著差异(P>0.05),但PP组显著低于SP和RP组(P<0.05);SP和RP组丙酸、丁酸浓度分别显著高于和低于MP、WP和PP组(P<0.05),异戊酸、戊酸浓度MP组显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本营养调控条件下,犊牛对植物源蛋白质的消化率低于乳源蛋白质,随日龄的增长,消化率差距减小;植物源蛋白质中大豆蛋白具有较高的消化率;相对于乳源蛋白质,植物源蛋白质可以促进犊牛瘤胃尽早发育。