Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Nitrogen (N) is a mineral nutrient with the highest demand for plants, and it is also a vital abiotic factor that limits plant yield and quality. Plants use inorganic and organic N sources from soil, and N form is a key factor affecting the active ingredients and their contents in medicinal plants. However, the utilization characteristics of different N forms by medicinal plants and the impact on active ingredients remain to be investigated. With nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), amide nitrogen (urea, UN) and amino acid nitrogen (glycine, GN) as sole N source and combining 15N isotope tracing and physiological and biochemical analysis, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of N uptake and utilization and its effect on the accumulation of andrographolide components at different growth stages (rapid growth stage, jointing stage, budding stage, flowering stage) of Andrographis paniculata. The results were as follows: (1) N content in leaves and roots decreased gradually with the growth period, and it was lower in the NN treatment. (2) The absorption rate of N was higher in the vegetative growth period, and rapidly decreased in the reproductive growth period. The absorption rate of AN, UN and GN was higher than that of NN in A. paniculata. (3) The allocation ratio of N in leaves was decreased, while the allocation ratio of N in stems was increased at budding stage. In comparison to the NN treatment, AN, UN, and GN treatments reduced N allocation ratio in leaves, but increased the ratio in stems and roots at this growth stage. (4) At rapid growth stage, the maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transport rate of photosynthesis were lower in the NN treatment, as well as the proportion of leaf N allocation in the carboxylation system and bioenergetics components. However, the allocation of leaf N in the carboxylation system in UN and AN treatment was reduced at budding stage and flowering stage, respectively. (5) AN, UN and GN increased andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide contents, and decreased 14- deoxyandrographolide content at budding and flowering stages, while neoandrographolide was slightly affected by N forms. (6) The contents of andrographolide and neoandrographolide were significantly negatively correlated with N contents in leaves, stems and roots, N uptake rate, and N allocation ratio in leaves and roots, while they were significantly positively correlated with N allocation ratio in stems. The opposite was true for 14-deoxyandrographolide. Taken together, the results indicate that the vegetative growth period is the main period for N uptake in A. paniculata, and that A. paniculata can better utilize AN, UN, and GN, and promote the accumulation of andrographolide components by optimizing N allocation. The results provide a theoretical reference for N management of A. paniculata.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-03-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important “Southern Medicines” in China. It is used for clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. Its main active ingredient, andrographolide, functions in anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammation and liver protection. It is difficult to be synthesized artificially, mainly relying on extraction from cultivated plant materials. However, the quality of cultivated medicinal materials is affected by various factors such as soil, climate, water and fertilizer management. On the other hand, A. paniculata has a long growth cycle, occupying land resources. The technology of plant in vitro culture has significant advantages in rapid propagation of seedling and accumulation of active ingredients, which is one of the important ways to achieve production of active ingredients rapidly and efficiently in A. paniculata. The in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata is becoming more and more perfect, and the in vitro regeneration technology from explants to complete plants is becoming more and more mature, it has been applied in seedling propagation and ploidy breeding. At the same time, during callus culture, cell suspension culture, adventitic root culture and hairy root culture of A. paniculata, the accumulation of andrographolide and other active ingredients in the culture things could be greatly increased by optimizing the culture conditions and using appropriate inducers. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviewed the research advances in the technology of in vitro culture of A. paniculata and production of andrographolide from the aspects of tissue culture, cell culture, adventitious root culture, and hairy root culture. This paper aimed to provide reference for promoting the development and application of in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata, as well as for the study of in vitro production of andrographolide. It also put forward three aspects that need be focused on in future research on in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and the production of andrographolides by this technology: (1) to mature and improve the tissues in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata, and establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation system; (2) to further increase the yield of andrographolide and other important active ingredients by optimizing the culture conditions and its combination with efficient inducers; and (3) to carry out researches in bioreactor culture of the production of andrographolide by cell suspension culture technology.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-02-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important “Southern Medicines” in China. It is used for clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. Its main active ingredient, andrographolide, functions in anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammation and liver protection. It is difficult to be synthesized artificially, mainly relying on extraction from cultivated plant materials. However, the quality of cultivated medicinal materials is affected by various factors such as soil, climate, water and fertilizer management. On the other hand, A. paniculata has a long growth cycle, occupying land resources. The technology of plant in vitro culture has significant advantages in rapid propagation of seedling and accumulation of active ingredients, which is one of the important ways to achieve production of active ingredients rapidly and efficiently in A. paniculata. The in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata is becoming more and more perfect, and the in vitro regeneration technology from explants to complete plants is becoming more and more mature, it has been applied in seedling propagation and ploidy breeding. At the same time, during callus culture, cell suspension culture, adventitic root culture and hairy root culture of A. paniculata, the accumulation of andrographolide and other active ingredients in the culture things could be greatly increased by optimizing the culture conditions and using appropriate inducers. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviewed the research advances in the technology of in vitro culture of A. paniculata and production of andrographolide from the aspects of tissue culture, cell culture, adventitious root culture, and hairy root culture. This paper aimed to provide reference for promoting the development and application of in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata, as well as for the study of in vitro production of andrographolide. It also put forward three aspects that need be focused on in future research on in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and the production of andrographolides by this technology: (1) to mature and improve the tissues in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata, and establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation system; (2) to further increase the yield of andrographolide and other important active ingredients by optimizing the culture conditions and its combination with efficient inducers; and (3) to carry out researches in bioreactor culture of the production of andrographolide by cell suspension culture technology.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Andrographis paniculata, known as ‘Chuanxinlian’ in China, is an important southern medicine in China. Its main active ingredients, andrographolide components, has good pesticide effects on heat-clearing and anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory. Modern medical research has demonstrated that they also have profound effects in anti-HIV, anti-thrombus, liver protection and so on. Because they are difficult to be synthesized artificially, to increase the biosynthesis of andrographolide components in A. paniculata by cultivation regulation and breeding methods is of great significance to improve the quality of this medicinal material. To provide reference for related research in these fields, this paper reviewed the relationship between accumulation of andrographolide components and plant development, the effects of cultivation measures and environmental factors on the accumulation of andrographolide components, and the research advances in biosynthesis of andrographolide components and its molecular regulatory mechanism in the last decade worldwide. It also put forward three aspects those should be focused on in future studies aiming at enhancing the biosynthesis and accumulation of andrographolides components in A. paniculata: (1) to further identify the biosynthetic pathway of andrographolide components and the functions of key genes, and to elucidate the mechanism of andrographolides accumulation at molecular level; (2) to deeply study the laws of growth and development, yield and quality formation, and their interrelations in A. paniculata with the combination of molecular biological approaches and crop cultivation theories; (3) to reveal the signal regulation network in the biosynthesis andrographolide components.
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