Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Food security is a top priority in national governance. Since 1949, high-standard farmland construction, agricultural mechanization development, and agricultural technology promotion have all contributed to the grain production. To ensure grain security, China has drawn a “red line” of 1.8 billion mu (about 120 million hectares) as the official minimum of arable land. At the same time, increasing the investment of capital goods such as fertilizer and pesticides can no longer produce more food. Due to the extensive farming method in the past, the continuous increase in total grain output becomes difficult in the future. With the rapid development of advanced technologies such as informatization, intelligence, Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, fine management of agricultural production can be achieved. Through the integration of digital economy and traditional agricultural industries, developing smart agriculture will provide possibilities for increasing food production. Focusing on the three stages of grain production (including pre-, during- and after-production), this study puts forward the Nine-Step Approach of smart agriculture, namely two refinements, three changes, three reductions, and one use. For each step, the connotation, the existing technical bottleneck, and the potential of future improvement are discussed. In addition, suggestions for further development of smart agriculture are made from four perspectives, namely, data collection, data standardization, data applications, and data security.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep can provide high-quality beef, mutton and milk, which are high-quality protein sources meeting the increasingly diverse food consumption needs for human being. Developing high-quality herbivorous animal husbandry is a concrete practice of practicing the “Greater Food” approach. The precise supply of forages and concentrates meeting the requirements of all nutrients in the whole life cycle is vital for cost saving and efficiency increasing of ruminant livestock industry, which is an important way to high-quality development. The whole life cycle nutrition is developed on the basis of traditional ruminant nutrition and new technologies made breakthroughs in understanding life and health. Its essence lies in optimizing the ration formulation based on the theory of systematic nutrition regulation and the theory of short-term and long-term effects of early life nutrition, with a final goal to establish precision nutrition system in combination with technologies in big data and artificial intelligence. Compared with the traditional technology in ration formulation, it is obviously scientific, systematic, and progressive. In this study, the concept, significance, and goals of whole life cycle nutrition in ruminants are briefly introduced. This paper elaborates the key scientific issues and technological problems in the development of whole life cycle nutrition system of ruminant livestock in China, and summarizes the research progress on nutrition regulation, diet formulation, and fundamental research on the long-term impact of early life nutrition in ruminants. Finally, taking the development of modern grassland sheep industry in Hulun Buir State Farm Conglomerate as an example, the concept of building whole life cycle nutrition and promoting high-quality development of ruminant livestock industry is discussed from the aspects of whole life cycle division, whole diet formula, and whole industry chain.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the initiator and practitioner of poverty alleviation by science and technology in China. CAS undertook the task of poverty alleviation in four poverty-stricken counties, including the Kulun County of Inner Mongolia, Huanjiang County of Guangxi, Shuicheng County and Liuzhi County of Guizhou. In recent years, CAS has supported the industrial development by deploying demonstration projects, constructed a science and technology poverty alleviation network serving the development of poverty-stricken areas. In the evaluation in 2018 organized by the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council, CAS is in the top rank.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the past 60 years, the highly-intensive and unreasonable farming of the black soil in Northeast China has brought a series of adverse consequences such as the reduction of organic matter, the serious imbalance of carbon and nitrogen, and the instability of microbiota, which seriously threaten China’s food security and agricultural sustainable development. The decrease of organic matter content in black soil is the core issue in the degradation of black soil. Organisms are the source of all organic matter, and the dynamic balance of organic matter driven by organisms is the basis for maintaining the stability of farmland ecosystem and soil quality. However, the limitation of hydrothermal resources in Northeast China makes it difficult to realize the transformation of organism-driven soil organic matter, which restricts the improvement of black soil quality and the development of conservation tillage technology. Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched the strategic priority program “Scientific and Technological Innovation Project for Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Black Soil Granary)”, and set up the key task of “modern biological technology for improving the productivity and quality of black soil”. Focusing on majorm scientific issues including the mechanism of soil organic matter dynamic balance driven by organisms such as green manure, and the biological mechanism of low-temperature decomposition of straw, the key task aims to develop revolutionary and disruptive biotechnologies to solve the bottleneck of transformation technology of black soil organic matter, hence to promote the benign balance of material circulations and ecological functions. This will provide important theoretical and key technical support for the improvement of productivity and quality of black soil.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Information technology is deeply penetrating into all walks of life. Through the acquisition of massive data, modeling and analysis in the information space, it has become an effective means to solve practical problems in the information society. At present, China is vigorously implementing black soil conservation projects. Aiming at the complex system protection engineering,it is necessary to rely on the strength of information technology to carry out problem modeling and algorithm solving in the process of black soil utilization and protection, and find the best protection way through simulation and emulation. Based on the analysis of the black land protection measures worldwide, the study puts forward the design idea of agricultural simulator based on the fifth paradigm from the perspective of intelligent technology, gives the organizational structure of the total factor agricultural simulator, and realizes the rapid operation and iteration of data flow through the intelligent OODA (observe, orient, decide, act) loop to continuously optimize the black soil protection technology. Finally, the study proposes the idea and framework of building agricultural simulator in the black land protection demonstration area, as well as the policy suggestions for the application and promotion of agricultural simulator in the process of black land protection.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization (Black Soil Granary) is a Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it is the core measure of the “Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Campaign for Black Soil Granary” launched by CAS together with provinces and autonomous region of Northeast China, and also the core measures to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series guiding principle relating to well utilize and protect the black soil in Northeast China. Better utilization and protection of black soil is crucially important to the national food security, and the program of Black Soil Granary aims to solve the key major scientific problems for black soil. According to the principles of question-oriented, led by innovation, and promoted by demonstration, the program will conduct key technological breakthroughs and demonstrating mature technologies following the specification of “purposeful, assessable, applicable, influential, popularizable, and continuable”. It is expected that, through the implementation of the Black Soil Granary program, Chinese Academy of Sciences can provide systematic resolutions for the better utilization and protection of black soil, and support national food security and modern agriculture development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： “Scientific achievements are inseparable from spiritual support. The academic spirit is the precious wealth accumulated by researchers and engineers in long-term academic career.” In the 1980s, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched Huanghuaihai Innovation Campaign of agricultural science and technology for the reclamation of saline-alkali land. The Campaign successfully improve the overall production capacity in the North China Plain. The Huanghuaihai Spirit, emerged in this multidisciplinary and cross#2;field large-scale scientific and technological campaign, is not only the precious spiritual wealth of CAS, but also an important source of strength for achieving a substantial increase in grain production. In the new era, facing the higher requirements of the national food strategy and the paramount challenge of “protecting and making good use of the black soil”, we must further inherit and carry forward the Huanghuaihai Spirit, take a pragmatic and responsible attitude to solve problems of agricultural production, and build an intelligent agricultural technology system to support the sustainable development and use of black soil contribute to national food security, and promote rural revitalization.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China enters into a new era with high demand for nutritional and healthy food, and hence needs to adjust the agricultural production system to balance cereal production and livestock farming. Between the years 2010-2019 the production of red meat and milk has fallen far behind the consumption demand, resulting in sourcing and import of large quantity of red meat and milk products from the international market. In comparison to the average consumption levels in Asia and global, China’s consumption will continue to grow in the future, presenting a great challenge to the goals of 85% self-sufficiency rate for beef and mutton and more than 70% for milk. The farming-pastoral ecotone (FPE) of northern China covers 655 thousand km2 and plays an essential role in livestock farming and enviromental protection. How to implement Grass-based Livestock Husbandry and achieve high quality sustainable development of this region is discussed. Four suggestions are proposed, namely, to take a top-down approach and make a national plan the development of Grass-based Livestock Husbandry in the region; to introduce genome-based breeding of forage crops by molecular modules; to strengthen the innovation in forage product processing technologies to improve the usage efficiency of forage raw materials; and to integrate livestock farming into the rural revitalization initiative for the establishment of featured towns and villages dominated by livestock industries.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Relying on demonstration projects, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) mobilized the relevant scientific and technological forces to support the local development of poverty county’s economy development and has made outstanding contributions. In the evaluation organized by the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council, CAS is in the top rank successively in 2018 and 2019.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With increasing awareness of balanced and healthy diet, the demand for ruminant products has been drastically increasing in China over the past decades. Grass-based Livestock Husbandry (GLiH), a new paradigm for agricultural restructuring and sustainable development, is highly encouraged to meet such demand. Yet, the country’s own production cannot self-support the demand, as envisaged by the soaring import of both red meats and forage products, albeit half of the nation’s cereal production is devoted to animal feed and forage crop production area amounts to 12 million ha. With the affluent population and limited arable land, China is facing challenge to explore possible land areas for GLiH development. We argue that one of the effective ways is to transform the lowand middle-yield fields, which account for over 70% of the cultivated lands, into forage crop production. Our analysis indicated that cultivation of forage crops could avoid the risks of low yield and low economic returns frequently occurring for cereal production on such lands. Furthermore, a forage-cereal rotation cropping system can significantly increase dry mass production, reduce the incidence of pest and disease damage, and ameliorate soil physical and chemical properties by improving soil organic matter, soil fertility and reducing salt and alkaline constraints. Three scenarios have been projected for the potential of the exploitation of low- and middleyielding land for livestock production, and the amount of the red meat production is estimated to be 17.98, 21.58, and 26.98 million tons, respectively, which are 1.6, 1.9, and 2.4 times of the current production nationwide. A case study for Shandong Province is further presented, demonstrating that exploring the saline-alkali land at the Yellow River Delta for forage crop production could substantially alleviate the shortage of forage supplies and optimize the agricultural infrastructure of the province.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Yellow River Delta is the world’s youngest delta and new land, also the youngest ecosystem. Its ecological environment is fragile, and the interaction among the river, the sea, and the land forms a unique geographical environment. The salinization of land and the wide distribution of saline land are two of the main features of the region, and agriculture is one of the leading industries in the region. Agricultural development is related to the efficient use and rational distribution of water resources in this area, related to the protection of the estuary wetland and the ecological environment of the whole region, and related to the efficient development and safety of land resources. It is also about the overall development of land and sea, as well as about the revitalization of the countryside. Therefore, the high quality development of saline agriculture is the important part of sustainable development of the region, while the development of high-quality agriculture in saline land is an important challenge. Based on the major strategic needs of the country, the current situation, and major problems of the development of the Yellow River Delta, this study puts forward a new model of efficient agricultural development in the saline-alkali areas of the Yellow River Delta, as well as some suggestions for the future ecological protection and high-quality development of the region. This study is also of great significance for the efficient development of saline land in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Shuicheng county is a targeted poverty alleviation county of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). According to actual situation of Shuicheng county, CAS gives full play to the advantages of comprehensive science and technology, creates special science and technology poverty alleviation projects, and focuses on cultivating self-hematopoiesis function in poor areas. Here, main contents and effectivenesses of the science and technology poverty alleviation of CAS in Shuicheng county, Guizhou Province, China are reviewed. Summary of successful experiences, further the “three changes” reform and establishment of a long term mechanism for poverty alleviation by science and technology are discussed.
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