分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Xu-Fang Li
Cong-Zhan Liu
Yi-Fei Zhang
Xiao-Bo Li
Zheng-Wei Li
Xue-Feng Lu
Zhi Chang
Ming-Yu Ge
Juan Zhang
Yu-Peng Xu
Fang-Jun Lu
Li-Ming Song
Shuang-Nan Zhang
摘要： Purpose: The High-Energy X-ray telescope (HE), one of the three main payloads of the \textit{Insight}-HXMT mission, is composed of eighteen NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) phoswich detectors, where NaI(Tl) serves as the primary detector covering 20--250\,keV, and CsI(Na) is used as an active shield detector to suppress the background of NaI(Tl) and also serves as an all-sky gamma-ray burst monitor covering 0.2--3\,MeV. In this paper, we review the in-orbit performance of HE in the first 5 years since \textit{Insight}-HXMT was launched on June 15, 2017. Methods: The major performances we concern include the gain and energy resolution of NaI(Tl) and CsI(Na) detectors, the performance of pulse-shape-discriminator (PSD) and system dead-time. In this work, we investigate these performances mainly using the data of blank-sky observations and the data when the telescope in earth occultation. Results: The overall performance of HE/NaI(Tl) is very stable in the first 5 years, whereas the gain of HE/CsI(Na) shows a continuously increasing trend and should be calibrated regularly. Conclusion: In general, HE is still in good health and well-calibrated status after five-year's operation. The in-orbit performance of HE has no significant deviation from expectation. HE is expected to be in operation healthily for another several years of extended mission life.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Jin-Yuan Liao
Shu Zhang
Juan Zhang
Gang Li
Zhi Chang
Yu-Peng Chen
Ming-Yu Ge
Jing Jin
Xue-Feng Lu
Yuan You
Xue-Lei Cao
Yong Chen
Yue Huang
Wei-Chun Jiang
Xiao-Bo Li
Xu-Fang Li
Zheng-Wei Li
Cong-Zhan Liu
Ying Tan
Yan-Ji Yang
摘要： Purpose: We present the five-year in-orbit background evolution of Insight-HXMT since the launch, as well as the effects of the background model in data analysis. Methods: The backgrounds of the three main payloads, i.e., Low-Energy Telescope, Medium-Energy Telescope and High-Energy Telescope, are described, respectively. The evolution of the background over time is obtained by simply comparing the background in every year during the in-orbit operation of Insight-HXMT. Results: The major observational characteristics of the Insight-HXMT in-orbit background are presented, including the light curve, spectrum, geographical distribution, and long-term evolution. The systematic error in background estimation is investigated for every year. Conclusion: The observational characteristics of the five-year in-orbit background are consistent with our knowledge of the satellite design and the space environment, and the background model is still valid for the latest observations of Insight-HXMT.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Jin-Yuan Liao
Shu Zhang
Juan Zhang
Gang Li
Zhi Chang
Yu-Peng Chen
Ming-Yu Ge
Jing Jin
Xue-Feng Lu
Yuan You
Xue-Lei Cao
Yong Chen
Yue Huang
Wei-Chun Jiang
Xiao-Bo Li
Xu-Fang Li
Zheng-Wei Li
Cong-Zhan Liu
Ying Tan
Yan-Ji Yang
摘要： Purpose: We present the five-year in-orbit background evolution of Insight-HXMT since the launch, as well as the effects of the background model in data analysis. Methods: The backgrounds of the three main payloads, i.e., Low-Energy Telescope, Medium-Energy Telescope and High-Energy Telescope, are described, respectively. The evolution of the background over time is obtained by simply comparing the background in every year during the in-orbit operation of Insight-HXMT. Results: The major observational characteristics of the Insight-HXMT in-orbit background are presented, including the light curve, spectrum, geographical distribution, and long-term evolution. The systematic error in background estimation is investigated for every year. Conclusion: The observational characteristics of the five-year in-orbit background are consistent with our knowledge of the satellite design and the space environment, and the background model is still valid for the latest observations of Insight-HXMT.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Xu-Fang Li
Cong-Zhan Liu
Yi-Fei Zhang
Xiao-Bo Li
Zheng-Wei Li
Xue-Feng Lu
Zhi Chang
Ming-Yu Ge
Juan Zhang
Yu-Peng Xu
Fang-Jun Lu
Li-Ming Song
Shuang-Nan Zhang
摘要： Purpose: The High-Energy X-ray telescope (HE), one of the three main payloads of the \textit{Insight}-HXMT mission, is composed of eighteen NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) phoswich detectors, where NaI(Tl) serves as the primary detector covering 20--250\,keV, and CsI(Na) is used as an active shield detector to suppress the background of NaI(Tl) and also serves as an all-sky gamma-ray burst monitor covering 0.2--3\,MeV. In this paper, we review the in-orbit performance of HE in the first 5 years since \textit{Insight}-HXMT was launched on June 15, 2017. Methods: The major performances we concern include the gain and energy resolution of NaI(Tl) and CsI(Na) detectors, the performance of pulse-shape-discriminator (PSD) and system dead-time. In this work, we investigate these performances mainly using the data of blank-sky observations and the data when the telescope in earth occultation. Results: The overall performance of HE/NaI(Tl) is very stable in the first 5 years, whereas the gain of HE/CsI(Na) shows a continuously increasing trend and should be calibrated regularly. Conclusion: In general, HE is still in good health and well-calibrated status after five-year's operation. The in-orbit performance of HE has no significant deviation from expectation. HE is expected to be in operation healthily for another several years of extended mission life.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Xiao-Yun Zhao
Shao-Lin Xiong
Xiang-Yang Wen
Xin-Qiao Li
Ce Cai
Shuo Xiao
Qi Luo
Wen-Xi Peng
Dong-Ya Guo
Zheng-Hua An
Ke Gong
Jin-Yuan Liao
Yan-Qiu Zhang
Yue Huang
Lu Li
Xing Wen
Fei Zhang
Jing Duan
Chen-Wei Wang
Dong-Li Shi
摘要： Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM, which is an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched in Dec 10, 2020. We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating on the CPU of the GECAM electronic box (EBOX). This onboard software has the following features: high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation, dedicated localization algorithm optimized for short and long bursts respetively, short time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked throught the BeiDou satellite navigation System (BDS). This paper presents the detailed design and deveopment of this trigger and localization software system of GECAM, including the main functions, general design, workflow and algorithms, as well as the verification and demonstration of this software, including the on-ground trigger tests with simulated gamma-ray bursts made by a dedicated X-ray tube and the in-flight performance to real gamma-ray bursts and magnetar bursts.
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