Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-03-19
Abstract: In recent years, the debates between monism and pluralism are one of the most active theoretical disagreements in the field of moral psychology. Moral monism claims that all moral phenomena on the surface and moral structures behind them can be explained by one factor, and the representative theories are stages theory of moral development and dyadic morality theory, etc. Moral pluralism holds that morality can’t be explained by a single factor, whereas has many heterogeneous moral dimensions and cultural sensitivity. The representative theories are triadic moral discourse theory, relational model theory and moral foundations theory, etc. Moreover, moral foundations theory and dyadic morality theory are the typical representatives of the debates between monism and pluralism. The two theories have engaged in a long and inconclusive dialogue on the harm, purity, modular claims, and moral foundations of politics. Future studies should further explore the monism and pluralism of morality from three specific aspects so as to maintain the vitality of theory in the field of moral psychology.
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics submitted time 2024-03-18
Abstract: The exploration of exotic shapes and properties of atomic nuclei, e.g., α cluster and toroidal shape, is a
fascinating field in nuclear physics. To study the decay of these nuclei, a novel detector aimed at detecting
multiple alpha-particle events was designed and constructed. The detector comprises two layers of double-sided
silicon strip detectors (DSSD) and a cesium iodide scintillator array coupled with silicon photomultipliers array
as light sensors, which has the advantages of their small size, fast response, and large dynamic range. DSSDs
couple with cesium iodide crystal arrays are used to distinguish multiple alpha hits. The detector array has a
compact and integrated design that can be adapted to different experimental conditions. The detector array was
simulated using Geant4, and the excitation energy spectra of some alpha-clustering nuclei were reconstructed
to demonstrate the performance. The simulation results show that the detector array has excellent angular
and energy resolutions, enabling effective reconstruction of the nuclear excited state by multiple alpha particle
events. This detector offers a new and powerful tool for nuclear physics experiments and has the potential to
discover interesting physical phenomena related to exotic nuclear structures and their decay mechanisms
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics submitted time 2024-03-18
Abstract: In recent years, the gap between the supply and demand of medical radioisotopes has increased, necessitating new methods for producing medical radioisotopes. Photonuclear reactions based on gamma sources have unique advantages in terms of producing high specific activity and innovative medical radioisotopes. However, the lack of experimental data on reaction cross sections for photonuclear reactions of medical radioisotopes of interest has severely limited the development and production of photonuclear transmutation medical radioisotopes. In this study, the entire process of the generation, decay, and measurement of medical radioisotopes was simulated using online gamma activation and offline gamma measurements combined with a shielding gammaray spectrometer. Based on a quasi-monochromatic gamma beam from the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS), the feasibility of the measurement of production cross section for surveyed medical isotopes was simulated, and specific solutions for measuring medical radioisotopes with low production cross sections were provided. The feasibility of this method for high precision measurements of the reaction cross section of medical radioisotopes was demonstrated.
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> Digital Technique submitted time 2024-03-18
Abstract:
Abstract: Purpose/significance Analyzing practical cases of digital humanities projects aiding marginalized groups, the aim is to provide experience and insights for China’s exploration in using digital humanities projects to assist marginalized groups. Method/process By adopting the case analysis method, practical elements were extracted from 78 domestic and international digital humanities projects aimed at aiding marginalized groups. The assistance was tracked from four dimensions: diverse participation of assisting subjects for collective creation; consideration of both visible and invisible aspects of the assisted objects, keeping pace with time; implementation of assistance measures that are both constructive and deconstructive, employing a multi-pronged approach; and the diverse forms of assistance outcomes, seeking stability while striving for progress. Result/conclusion The following insights were derived for the construction of China’s digital humanities projects aimed at aiding marginalized groups: focus on the advantages of social systems to unleash the government’s driving force; target the needs of the assisted objects to carry out precise and targeted assistance; unify pragmatic measures to facilitate the realization of digital dividends; and build lightweight outcome clusters to promote the sustainable compounding of collective intelligence.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-03-18
Abstract: To assist young people infected with COVID-19 restore and develop a balanced state of mental health after the pandemic, we have developed an online self-help psychological intervention robot that can complement existing mental health resources. First, we utilized prompting engineering techniques to build a chatbot skilled in Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) based on the large language model GPT-4. Then, we conducted pre-testing and formal experiments to verify the effectiveness of the chatbot. The results of the pre-testing indicated that the chatbot followed the core work steps of PST during interactions with users. The results of the formal experiment showed that the PST chatbot performed better than the ordinary chatbot in terms of problem identification and problem-solving dimensions, indicating that the PST chatbot can help users quickly locate the problems that trouble them and develop feasible problem-solving plans. However, there was no difference between the PST chatbot and the ordinary chatbot in terms of relationship quality, and no differences were found in the evaluation of the two chatbots based on gender and post-COVID symptoms. This suggests that the PST chatbot did not significantly improve the quality of human-machine relationships, but the general acceptability and wide applicability of chatbots still have certain advantages in practical applications. The research results support the possibility of using large language models in innovative implementations of psychological self-help interventions.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics submitted time 2024-03-18
Abstract: By including octupole correlations in the Nilsson potential, the ground-state rotational bands in the
reflection-asymmetric (RA) nuclei are investigated by using the cranked shell model (CSM) with the monopole and
quadrupole pairing correlations treated by a particle-number-conserving (PNC) method. The experimental kinematic
moments of inertia (MoIs) of alternating-parity bands in the even-even nuclei 236,238U and 238,240Pu, and parity-doublet
bands in the odd-𝐴 nuclei 237U and 239Pu are well reproduced by the PNC-CSM calculations. Compared to the neighboring even-even nuclei 236,238U and 238,240Pu, 50% ∼ 60% increase of 𝐽(1) can be seen for the intrinsic 𝑠 = −𝑖 bands in 237U
and 239Pu. Those mainly attribute to the pairing reduction due to the Pauli blocking of the unpaired neutron occupying
the neutron orbitals near the Fermi surface. The gradual increase of 𝐽(1) versus rotational frequency can be explained
by the pairing reduction due to the rotation. The present calculation shows that the MoIs of the reflection-asymmetric
nuclei are higher than those of the reflection-symmetric (RS) nuclei at the low rotational frequency. Furthermore, compared with the RS nuclei, the pairing reduction of the RA nuclei increase when a larger octupole deformation 𝜀3 is
included in the calculation.
Subjects: Law >> Legal professional ethics Subjects: Law >> Law and technology submitted time 2024-03-17
Abstract: The research of the legal profession community was really carried out in China after 2002, and it is only more than 20 years until now. The advent of the new era and digitalization provides a new political and technical environment for the construction of the legal profession community. In recent years, there has been much insight into the construction of the legal profession community in the digital age, with the global Big four accounting firms re-entering mature legal markets (the US, Australia and the UK) by investing heavily in technology. This paper first analyzes the construction status of China’s legal profession community. At the same time, considering the complexity of China’s legal system, we used the SLEPT model to sort out relevant studies both inside and outside the domain, introduced functionalism and Weberism, and speculated on the possible structure of China’s future legal profession community. Based on this structure, this paper analyzes the current emerging AI legal market competition. Finally, based on the above research, this paper explores the new ideas of digital construction of contemporary Chinese legal professional community.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-03-17
Abstract: HPV vaccination is an effective way to prevent and treat cervical cancer, but the vaccination situation in our country is not optimistic, and many young people hesitate to vaccinate HPV vaccine. Research has shown that information persuasion is an effective means to increase vaccination rates. This study will focus on the content of persuasion information and explore the relationship between influencing factors and individual personality characteristics. To this end, we recruited 284 subjects online to conduct a questionnaire survey and analyzed the data using ANOVA. The results show that there are significant differences in the persuasive effect of information containing different influencing factors. It is necessary to select more effective influencing factors to produce the persuasive effect of promoting vaccination, and the big five personality characteristics of individuals will have a significant impact on the persuasive effect of information. This study can provide scientific basis and guidance for the promotion of vaccination, and has important theoretical and practical value for promoting public health.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2024-03-16
Abstract: A novel federated learning training framework for heterogeneous environments is presented, taking into account the diverse network speeds of clients in realistic settings. This framework integrates asynchronous learning algorithms and pruning techniques, effectively addressing the inefficiencies of traditional federated learning algorithms in scenarios involving heterogeneous devices, as well as tackling the staleness issue and inadequate training of certain clients in asynchronous algorithms. Through the incremental restoration of model size during training, the framework expedites model training while preserving model accuracy. Furthermore, enhancements to the federated learning aggregation process are introduced, incorporating a buffering mechanism to enable asynchronous federated learning to operate akin to synchronous learning. Additionally, optimizations in the process of the server transmitting the global model to clients reduce communication overhead. Our experiments across various datasets demonstrate that: (i) significant reductions in training time and improvements in convergence accuracy are achieved compared to conventional asynchronous FL and HeteroFL; (ii) the advantages of our approach are more pronounced in scenarios with heterogeneous clients and non-IID client data.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Law >> Network Law submitted time 2024-03-16
Abstract: Metaverse is a new form of society born with the development of blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and other technologies. With the development of technology, it is inevitable that the regulation of new things will be disconnected from the existing norms, so it is necessary to re-examine them. The study focuses on the issue of the digital body and personal information protection, suggesting that the digital body is not a legal subject but an object of property rights, using digital avatars to introduce the risk of personal information infringement in the age of the metaverse, and proposing a way to break the barrier of personal information protection from the legal and practical application levels. It seeks to protect the development of digital economy in the metaverse market where the regulatory system is lacking.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Management Science >> Other Disciplines of Management Science submitted time 2024-03-16
Abstract: This article studies the role of bond issuance in building a cooperative relationship between underwriters and issuers. The results show that, firstly, bond issuance is an effective means for underwriters to establish cooperative relationships with listed companies. Both bond issuance experience and stock IPO issuance experience can significantly increase the probability of underwriters participating in the next private equity placement by the same issuer. Secondly, underwriters in IPOs of listed companies will reduce the risk premium of bonds to stabilize customer relationships by improving the quality of bond issuance; Listed companies are indeed more inclined to choose underwriters who have participated in their stock IPOs to issue bonds to enjoy lower financing costs. Thirdly, utilizing existing partnerships for bond issuance means that listed companies have higher risks. During the bond’s maturity, these issuers’ stocks are more likely to be subject to special treatment (ST) due to deteriorating fundamentals. In summary, these results provide evidence for the role of securities underwriting relationships in the Chinese capital market and also provide a reference for subsequent regulatory policy reforms.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biological Evolution submitted time 2024-03-15
Abstract: The previously alleged ‘eugnathid amiiform’ Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis is a small-sized halecomorph from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) marine deposits of Guizhou and Yunnan, China. A morphological redescription and taxonomic revision of this taxon are provided based on a detailed examination of 15 new specimens. Among them, IVPP V24315 (standard length = 64 mm) is appointed as the neotype, given that the holotype is missing. Studies of these specimens revealed some morphological details previously undescribed or misidentified for this taxon, including a hatchet-shaped antorbital, two broad suborbitals, a sensory canal in the maxilla, and three pairs of extrascapulars. For the first time, Sinoeugnathus was incorporated into an analysis of halecomorph phylogeny, and the results recover it as the sister taxon of the Anisian Subortichthys from Luoping, Yunnan, and both are grouped with two Ladinian genera Allolepidotus and Eoeugnathus from the Monte San Giorgio area into a monophyletic group (namely Subortichthyidae fam. nov. herein) at the base of Ionoscopiformes. This taxonomic reassessment of Subortichthys provides new insights into the phylogeny and paleogeographic evolution of Ionoscopiformes.
Subjects: Biology >> Biological Evolution submitted time 2024-03-15
Abstract: All the extant rhino species belong to Rhinocerotini and either have one horn (a nasal horn) or two horns (a nasal horn and frontal horn). So far, the earliest Rhinocerotini to have been identified in China is the “Dicerorhinus” cixianensis, which was based on a juvenile skull with an associated mandible from the Middle Miocene locality of Jiulongkou in Cixian County, Hebei Province of northern China. Our analyses suggest that there are similarities between this specimen and the modern genus, Dicerorhinus, but it differs in several cranial traits and therefore cannot be assigned to the modern genus. Instead, it is closer to the Middle Miocene Lartetotherium from Europe, especially the specimen from La Retama in Spain and should be assigned to that genus, indicating the presence of intracontinental dispersal at this time. The Jiulongkou fauna is the only Middle Miocene fauna with Rhinocerotini in China, and, together with the faunal composition, this implies a more humid and closed environment, in contrast to those found in western China. We suggest that the position of the posterior border of the nasal notch is a good indication of the specimen’s evolutionary level in Rhinocerotini. The anterior position of the nasal notch as seen in modern Dicerorhinus, together with its certain similarities to L. cixianensis as well as its differences with more specialized species of the Dihoplus-Pliorhinus-Stephanorhinus -Coelodonta lineage, supports the conclusion that Dicerorhinus experienced little change during a nearly 10 Myr evolutionary history, possibly due to the low selection pressure seen in the tropical/subtropical forests in southeastern Asia.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Science and Technology submitted time 2024-03-15
Abstract: Abstract:In order to improve the reliability of neutronics simulation for space reactors, based on the criticality benchmark experiment for space reactors in the International Criticality Safety Handbook (HMF005 benchmark experiment), the Monte Carlo program is used to model the core arrangement in the HMF005 benchmark experiment, and the deviation of the keff calculated values from the experimental values under six core arrangements is calculated by combining the different evaluated nuclear databases and the ratios between the calculated and experimental values are analyzed in depth. mean, standard deviation, χ2 and root mean square error are analyzed in depth. It is found that the deviation of the core keff results from the experimental values calculated by the four types of evaluation nuclear databases, ENDF/B-VII.1, CENDL-3.2, ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3, is within the triple uncertainty, with the calculated results of ENDF/B-VII.1 being the closest to the experimental values, and the deviation of CENDL-3.2 from the experiments being a little bit larger.The deviation of the calculated results from the experimental values of the CENDL-3.2 library is also shown in the table below. CENDL-3.2 library calculations deviate slightly from the experimental values mainly due to the molybdenum and beryllium nuclides in the evaluation library, and the isotope of molybdenum has the largest effect of 92Mo. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out, and the total reaction sensitivity coefficients of 92Mo and 9Be were mainly related to the elastic scattering sensitivity coefficient, and the difference in radiation capture sensitivity between CENDL-3.2 and 9Be in ENDF/B-VII.1 was large, and the deviation between the two could be up to 34.9%.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-03-15
Abstract: The coexistence of physical pain and psychological pain, two common types of pain associated with depression, complicates the timely diagnosis of depression, alleviation of symptoms, and improvement of patients’ quality of life. In-depth research into the distinct clinical manifestations and neural mechanisms of these two types of pain is of great significance for the diagnosis of depression and treatment of patients with depression. A review of the literature reveals that, in terms of behavioral indicators, individuals with depression exhibit inconsistent sensitivity to different types of physical pain and characteristics, such as a low pain threshold, long duration, and intense suffering from psychological pain, compared to healthy subjects. With respect to neural mechanisms, the patterns of physical and psychological pain in patients with depression are similar to those of healthy subjects. In the future, researchers should concentrate on the features of these two types of comorbid pain in depression, clarify the influencing factors in pain processing in depression, compare the commonalities and differences between the processing
of physical and psychological pain in depression, and elucidate the functional neuroscientific changes associated with pain in depression, thus providing a basis for more accurate diagnosis and more effective treatment.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:以国家林业和草原局发布的125处国家沙漠(石漠)公园名录数据,综合采用空间分析、地理探测器和地理加权回归等方法,探测国家沙漠(石漠)公园的空间分异特征和影响因素。结果表明:(1)国家沙漠(石漠)公园在区域上“北多南少”,建设时序上“先北后南”。(2)国家沙漠(石漠)公园的最邻近指数为0.537,呈显著集聚分布特征,但集聚尺度和集聚规模差异显著。(3)国家沙漠(石漠)公园空间上呈现“南疏北密、双核一带”的格局,空间分异特征显著。(4)国家沙漠(石漠)公园空间分异的自然地理因素比人文因素的解释力更强,自然地理与人文交互作用效果显著强于各自内部交互作用。(5)6个最佳作用因子对国家沙漠(石漠)公园空间分异的作用强度自东南向西北呈现正效应不断提高、负效应持续下降的变化趋势,西北地区受自然地理和人文的作用力最强。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:在人口增长、资源开发、城镇化等多因素驱动下,恢复力为区域社会-生态系统可持续发展提供了新的研究视角。以陕西省为研究区,基于社会、经济、生态3个子系统,综合考虑系统的脆弱性与应对能力构建指标体系,通过集对分析法对陕西省107个县级行政单元的社会-生态系统恢复力进行测度,根据恢复力测度结果,运用耦合协调度模型分析二元(社会-经济、社会-生态、经济-生态)及三元(社会-经济-生态)子系统的协调发展程度,从区域层面揭示其2000—2020年的时空演变特征,然后引入双变量空间自相关模型进一步探究二元与三元子系统协调发展度变化的数量及空间关联特征。结果表明:(1)研究期间陕西省社会、经济恢复力增长显著,生态恢复力呈微弱的下降趋势,社会-生态系统恢复力由0.303上升至0.779。(2)子系统协调发展度均呈上升趋势,社会-经济子系统南高北低的协调发展差异减弱,社会-生态、经济-生态子系统形成中部低南北高的协调发展格局,社会-经济-生态子系统协调发展度整体维持南高北低的空间分布特征。(3)二元子系统协调发展变化在数量及空间上与三元子系统协调发展变化有较大的正向关联性,以高-高、低-低类型评价单元在省域北部、中部的集中分布为主。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:社区生活圈与居民生活息息相关,是城市基层公共服务设施建设的基本单元,是城市更新的重要抓手。科学划定社区生活圈范围,综合测度其建设水平,为推进社区生活圈建设和实现公共资源高效配置提供理论探索,为地理环境与居民行为关系研究提供新的视角及案例。论文基于生活圈科学划定-建设水平评价的研究思路,通过合并步行规划时空圈和Mapbox时空圈数据探索社区生活圈划定的优化方法,从设施布局、空间可获得性和居民满意度等维度构建生活圈建设水平综合测度指标体系,并以乌鲁木齐市为例,开展实证研究。结果表明:(1)合并步行规划时空圈和Mapbox时空圈数据来划分生活圈范围,可以提升划分结果的时效性和边界准确性。(2)设施布局密度和人均享用量对生活圈建设水平的影响较为显著。(3)乌鲁木齐市15 min步行生活圈平均半径为812.75 m,平均面积为2.10 km2,老城区建设水平高于新建城区,商服类建设水平高于健康管理、教育、出行类等设施,设施数量不足和布局不均衡是造成差异的主要原因。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:统筹经济韧性与生态效率间的动态平衡关系是实现区域可持续发展的重要抓手。以中国30个省份为研究对象,采用组合权重模型、全局非期望超效率SBM模型分别测度国内省级区域适应性循环理论与驱动-压力-状态-响应(DPSR)模型分析框架下的经济韧性、投入产出理论下的生态效率,并通过改进的哈肯模型刻画经济韧性与生态效率间的协同演化特征。结果表明:(1)经济韧性能力在样本观测期内显著上升,区域差异明显扩张,南北区域发展不平衡,存在一定的“东-中-东北-西”阶梯效应。(2)生态效率水平总体呈下降的趋势,区域差异历经“扩张-缩小-再扩张”变化,存在显著性阶梯失衡现象,空间呈“沿海-内陆”递减分布。(3)经济韧性与生态效率的协同演化历经稳定、下降及稳定三阶段,区域间基本不存在阶梯性失衡现象,经济韧性作为协同演化的序参量,主导区域可持续发展。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:交通方式选择研究对于城市高效、可持续和安全的交通规划至关重要。以兰州市主城区为例,基于分布式认知理论,采用调查问卷数据、路网数据、POI数据,通过结构方程模型探讨居住自选择效应影响下非随机异质性的建成环境对通勤模式选择的影响。结果表明:(1)居民根据自身社会经济属性及态度偏好选择不同建成环境特征的住宅小区,继而形成特定的通勤模式,说明居住自选择存在偏好异质性,居住自选择效应存在。(2)在规避居住自选择效应后,建成环境依然对通勤模式选择具有显著影响。具体来讲,人口密度、路网密度及停车位数量直接影响通勤模式选择,路网密度、公交站点可达性、地铁站点可达性及停车位数量通过中介变量通勤距离与小汽车拥有间接影响通勤模式选择。(3)高人口密度、密路网与高可达性的建成环境通过提高道路网络的连通性、步行与公共交通的连接性进一步推动积极通勤模式与公共交通通勤模式选择,引导居民向积极通勤模式为主导的出行结构转变。