分类: 心理学 >> 发展心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-29
摘要: 父母教养和儿童行为存在密不可分的双向作用,但少有研究在微观层面检验亲子互动进程中的儿童驱动效应与父母驱动效应。本研究考察了113对5~6岁学龄前儿童及其家长在冲突对话中的行为表现,基于贝叶斯统计构建动态结构方程模型,捕捉实时互动引发的父母教养行为和儿童行为反应的变化,并通过回归分析考察父母和儿童行为对对话结局的影响。结果发现:(1)儿童在15s间隔内的消极行为反应能够正向预测随后15s父母的非支持性教养行为;(2)儿童的积极行为反应对对话结局起主要预测作用,儿童行为反应的积极水平越高,越有助于冲突的建设性解决。这些结果从微观层面验证了儿童驱动效应,强调了儿童反应在亲子互动中的重要作用。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-03-29
摘要: Considering the huge consumption of traditional energy and the rising demand for electricity, the development of renewable energy is very necessary. In this paper, an energy system integrating biomass energy, solar and two-stage organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is proposed, which uses the stable energy output of biomass energy to compensate for the volatility of solar modules. The proposed system comprises a biomass boiler, photovoltaic thermal panels (PV/T), evaporators, condensers, working medium pumps, turbines, a preheater and an air preheater. In addition, conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental (3E) analyses are carried out. Conventional 3E analyses reveal two components that require priority improvement. They are respectively evaporator 1 with the largest exergy destruction (708.2kW) and exergy destruction environmental impact rate (775.3 mPt/h) and evaporator 2 with the largest exergy destruction cost rate (19.15$/h). The results of advanced 3E analyses show that the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction is condenser 1 (136.6kW), the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction cost rate is condenser 2 (3.377$/h), and the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction environmental impact rate is condenser 1 (196.1mPt/h). These mean that these components have great potential for improvement in reducing exergy destruction, saving cost and protecting the environment. In addition, the avoidable endogenous exergy destruction/cost/environmental impact rate of evaporator 2 are negative, so evaporator 2 is not suitable as a priority component for improvement, which is contrary to the conclusions of conventional 3E analyses. It is found that conventional 3E analyses can only point out the biggest exergy destruction point, but cannot indicate whether the components with the greatest exergy destruction have the greatest potential for improvement. However, advanced 3E analyses can show the improvement potential of each component by improving its own performance and the external conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct advanced 3E analyses.