分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机应用技术 提交时间： 2019-05-05
摘要： 机器人具有极大降低劳动体力需求的潜力，是目前研究热点之一。机器人设计是智力劳动密集型工业，因此机器人的自动设计方法研究具有重要的现实意义。由于现有研究中鲜有自动设计的研究，本文探讨自动设计的基本框架。将机器人设计抽象为黑盒参数优化的过程，通过物理模拟对一个特定的机器人设计进行评分，确定此次设计完成给定任务的能力。通过更改设计参数，进行完成任务能力的优化。即自动设计方法的输入是一组零件，一个需要机器人完成的任务以及一个一般是基于强化学习的机器人控制训练方法，输出是这一组零件的组合方式。由于物理模拟，或真实的实验验证在时间和劳动成本上较为昂贵，因此黑盒优化的过程须尽可能降低采样次数。本文采用贝叶斯参数优化完成设计任务。实验表明，所提出的方法可以在5次左右的模拟中完成一个两关节机器人自动设计任务。
分类： 心理学 >> 应用心理学 提交时间： 2019-05-05
Wang, Yuzheng
Chen, Yahong
Sun, Yuqi
Zhang, Ke
Wang, Ning
Sun, Yabin
Lin, Xiaoxiao
Wang, Jinyan
Luo, Fei
摘要： Although extensive research has shown the benefits of meditation on attention, evidence for the benefits of short-term meditation training remains scarce. In addition, prior studies on these benefits have included considerably more females than males, potentially concealing gender differences in attention training effects. Here we present a longitudinal study including equal-sample male and female participants to explore potential gender differences in short-term meditation training effects on an attentional blink (AB) task. One hundred and sixty-five college students were randomly divided into three groups: meditation training, video game training and control (no training). Participants were asked to complete the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and to rate their level of emotional state and time spent on video game playing per day. Participants then completed a 4-day, 20-min training including meditation training, video game training, or a waiting period (control). After training, participants rated their arousal state and emotional state, and performed the AB task. Results showed that participants who completed either short-term meditation training or video game training showed significant improvement on AB performance. Interestingly, meditation training was more effective in females, while video game training was more effective in males. Meditation training, but not video game training, decreased anxiety scores. The current results indicate that gender plays an important role in the benefits of attention training. It is essential that clinicians take gender into consideration when implementing meditation based therapy.
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