分类: 心理学 >> 发展心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-29
摘要: 父母教养和儿童行为存在密不可分的双向作用,但少有研究在微观层面检验亲子互动进程中的儿童驱动效应与父母驱动效应。本研究考察了113对5~6岁学龄前儿童及其家长在冲突对话中的行为表现,基于贝叶斯统计构建动态结构方程模型,捕捉实时互动引发的父母教养行为和儿童行为反应的变化,并通过回归分析考察父母和儿童行为对对话结局的影响。结果发现:(1)儿童在15s间隔内的消极行为反应能够正向预测随后15s父母的非支持性教养行为;(2)儿童的积极行为反应对对话结局起主要预测作用,儿童行为反应的积极水平越高,越有助于冲突的建设性解决。这些结果从微观层面验证了儿童驱动效应,强调了儿童反应在亲子互动中的重要作用。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-03-29
摘要: Considering the huge consumption of traditional energy and the rising demand for electricity, the development of renewable energy is very necessary. In this paper, an energy system integrating biomass energy, solar and two-stage organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is proposed, which uses the stable energy output of biomass energy to compensate for the volatility of solar modules. The proposed system comprises a biomass boiler, photovoltaic thermal panels (PV/T), evaporators, condensers, working medium pumps, turbines, a preheater and an air preheater. In addition, conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental (3E) analyses are carried out. Conventional 3E analyses reveal two components that require priority improvement. They are respectively evaporator 1 with the largest exergy destruction (708.2kW) and exergy destruction environmental impact rate (775.3 mPt/h) and evaporator 2 with the largest exergy destruction cost rate (19.15$/h). The results of advanced 3E analyses show that the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction is condenser 1 (136.6kW), the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction cost rate is condenser 2 (3.377$/h), and the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction environmental impact rate is condenser 1 (196.1mPt/h). These mean that these components have great potential for improvement in reducing exergy destruction, saving cost and protecting the environment. In addition, the avoidable endogenous exergy destruction/cost/environmental impact rate of evaporator 2 are negative, so evaporator 2 is not suitable as a priority component for improvement, which is contrary to the conclusions of conventional 3E analyses. It is found that conventional 3E analyses can only point out the biggest exergy destruction point, but cannot indicate whether the components with the greatest exergy destruction have the greatest potential for improvement. However, advanced 3E analyses can show the improvement potential of each component by improving its own performance and the external conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct advanced 3E analyses.
分类: 心理学 >> 管理心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 面对激烈竞争,决策者能否准确识别出符合企业需求的创新方案,关系到企业的存亡和发展。决策者的创新识别已成为组织创造力和创新研究的重点议题。然而,创新识别的已有研究忽略了决策者之间竞争因素的重要影响,无法全面揭示决策者的认知偏差及导致偏差的内在机制。企业创新过程中,决策者常常与领域接近、实力相当的对手长时间较量,普通竞争演变为夙敌之争。鉴于此,本项目基于夙敌之争的理论视角,探讨决策者间的竞争如何影响双方创新识别的准确性。拟综合采用实验室和现场实验、档案分析等研究手段,设计4个研究探讨夙敌之争对决策者创新识别的积极和消极影响,揭示认知加工深度和广度路径的中介作用,并在决策者-决策者二元结对水平探寻其边界条件。本研究从夙敌间竞争角度切入,有望更准确地诊断决策者创新识别的偏差以及导致偏差的内在机制,以帮助决策者更好认识和防范偏差。
分类: 心理学 >> 心理学其他学科 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 心理与脑科学以人类被试作为研究对象,其结果的可推广性(generalizability, 也称为普适性)很大程度上取决于其样本的代表性(representativeness)。但心理学与脑科学研究中样本的代表性长久以来受到诟病。当前研究中主要存在两大问题:(1) 样本信息的缺失,大部分研究仅报告了被试的性别、年龄与国别,而被试的种族/民族、受教育程度和社会经济地位等重要信息较少被报告,且从时间上看,这种状况未出现根本性改变;(2) 从已报告的信息来看,当前样本的代表性不足:女性被试多于男生,集中于西方的、年轻的和受过高等教育的人群,而中老年人、受教育水平较低人群及低收入人群较少被研究者关注,亚洲人/亚裔、黑人/非洲裔、西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群同样较少受到关注,从国别角度来说,亚非拉国家尤其是非洲、拉丁美洲与中东地区的人群较少出现在心理学和脑科学研究中。以上两大问题的产生可能主要存在如下原因:方便取样法作为主要的取样方法;欧美研究者主导了心理学与脑科学的研究;整体上忽视文化以及不同人口因素的影响;研究者自身存有偏见。要改变这种现状,需要研究者、学术组织、期刊编辑和基金资助方等多方的共同努力。提升样本代表性将有助于让心理学与脑科学的科学知识应用于更广泛的群体,推动人类命运共同体的构建。
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: mainlyintroducesthedevelopmentandapplicationofharmonicpowermeteringtechnologyinChina sincethe 21stcentury.Withtheincreasingdemandfor harmonic powermeteringinthe powergrid,theintroductionofthe world’sfirstharmonicpowerdefinitionstandard,IEEE1459---2000,haspromotedthedevelopmentof harmonicpowermeteringtechnology.Thetextalsomentionstheelementsoftheapplicationanddevelopmentofharmonicenergymetering technology, includingtheexpansionofthescopeofharmonicpollutioninthepowergrid,theconfusionofharmonicenergy metering instrumentadopted by different users, and thenewtypeofharmonicenergymeteringtechnologyintroducedinthe world.Inaddition,thispaperalsointroducesthedomesticindependentdevelopmentofharmonicenergymeasurementtechnology, such as 0.2S level three-phase electricity meter,0.2S three-phase harmonic active energy metering seriesproducts,threephasewaveactiveenergymeteringproducts,andusingtheHilbertdigitalfilterandlowfrequencyfiltercalculationharmonicreactivepowermeteringchipdevelopmentofcutting-edgepracticaltechnology.Ingeneral,thispaper summarizesthedevelopment process,applicationstatusandfuturedevelopmentdirectionofharmonic power measurementtechnology in China, as well as the related technology and productachievements.
提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: Smart meter is not only a device used to measure the amount of electricity, but also a core component of the smart grid, realizing the efficient monitoring, prediction and management of power use. With an insight into the evolution of smart meter technology, I realized that this change didn't happen overnight. It has undergone a long journey from the initial mechanical electricity meters to the electronic electricity meters, and now to the highly intelligent electricity meters. Technological breakthroughs at each stage have laid the foundation for the final form of smart meters. In the era of mechanical watt-hour meters, the measurement of electric energy mainly depends on the rotation and counting of mechanical structures. The accuracy and stability of this method are affected by mechanical wear, environmental interference and other factors, and it is difficult to meet the increasing demand for power management. With the rapid development of electronic technology, the electronic electricity meter came into being. It uses electronic technology to sample and process the current and voltage, which greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the measurement. At the same time, the electronic electricity meter also has the function of remote meter reading and data processing, which has brought great convenience to the power management. However, there still have some limitations, such as the complexity of data processing and the limitation of communication capacity. It is these challenges that drive the creation of smart power meters. smart meters combine advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing to realize the real-time monitoring, analysis and prediction of the use of power.
分类: 交通运输工程 >> 水路运输 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: Vessel recognition plays important role in ensuring navigation safety. However, existing methods are mainly based on a single sensor, such as automatic identification system (AIS), marine radar, closed-circuit television (CCTV), etc. To this end, this paper proposes a coarse-to-fine recognition method by fusing CCTV and marine radar, called multi-scale matching vessel recognition (MSM-VR). This method first proposes a novel calibration method that does not use any additional calibration target. The calibration is transformed to solve an N point registration model. Furthermore, marine radar image is used for coarse detection. A region of interest (ROI) area is computed for coarse detection results. Lastly, we design a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) called VesNet and transform the recognition into feature extraction. The VesNet is used to extract the vessel features. As a result, the MVM-VR method has been validated by using actual datasets collected along different waterways such as Nanjing waterway and Wuhan waterway, China, covering different times and weather conditions. Experimental results show that the MSM-VR method can adapt to different times, different weather conditions, and different waterways with good detection stability. The recognition accuracy is no less than 96%. Compared to other methods, the proposed method has high accuracy and great robustness.
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: With rapidly increasing consumption of energy, shipping industry has imposed a huge burden on the marine environment. It is a general trend to increase the use of renewable energy on ships to improve the ship sustainability. This article summarized the current development and application of solar energy, wind energy and fuel cell in ship power systems. Furthermore, in order to investigate the advantages of sustainable design for the ships, for the first time, a hybrid PV, wind and fuel cell energy system was established for an oil tanker, and the economic and environmental analyses of the hybrid system were performed. The analysis results demonstrate that the optimal hybrid energy system can reduce 151,467kg emission of CO2 and provide 2.92% electricity for the ship gird per year.
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 工程通用技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: As a new intelligentoptimization algorithm, the African vulturesoptimization algorithm(AVOA) has been widely used in various fields today. However, when solving complex multimodal problems, the AVOA still has some shortcomings, such as low searching accuracy, deficiency on the search capability and tendency to fall into local optimum. In order to alleviate the main shortcomings of the AVOA, a nonlinear African vulture optimization algorithm combining Henon chaotic mapping theory and reverse learning competition strategy (HWEAVOA) is proposed. Firstly, the Henon chaotic mapping theory and elite population strategy are proposed to improve the randomness and diversity of the vulture’s initial population; Furthermore, the nonlinear adaptive incremental inertial weight factor is introduced in the location update phase to rationally balance the exploration and exploitation abilities, and avoid individual falling into a local optimum; The reverse learning competition strategy is designed to expand the discovery fields for the optimal solution and strengthen the ability to jump out of thelocal optimal solution. HWEAVOA and other advanced comparison algorithms are used to solve classical and CEC2022 test functions. Compared with other algorithms, the convergence curves of the HWEAVOA drop faster and the line bodies are smoother. These experimental results show the proposed HWEAVOA is ranked first in all test functions, which is superior to the comparison algorithms in convergence speed, optimization ability, and solution stability. Meanwhile, HWEAVOA has reached the general level in thealgorithm complexity, and its overall performance is competitive in theswarm intelligence algorithms.
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 智能电表通信技术研究是电力领域中一个重要的研究方向,涉及对智能电表通信系统的深入探索与技术创新。随着智能电网的发展,智能电表作为电网与用户之间的关键信息交互节点,其通信技术的研究与应用对于提升电网的智能化水平、优化电力资源配置具有重要意义。研究内容包括对现有的通信技术进行评估与改进,以适应智能电表通信的特殊需求。例如,窄带与宽带电力线载波通信作为电表行业可以主导研究与应用的技术方向,其免维护技术、自动调试终端、自动组网仪等方面的进展都是当前研究的热点。同时,对于远程无线通信系统的研究与优化,以及智能终端的研发,也是智能电表通信技术研究的重要方面。此外,智能电表通信技术的研究还需要关注通信协议、通信安全、数据处理等方面的问题。通过制定统一的通信协议,可以实现不同设备之间的互联互通,提高系统的兼容性和可扩展性。同时,加强通信安全的研究,可以保障电力数据的安全传输,防止数据泄露和非法访问。在数据处理方面,通过采用先进的数据分析技术,可以对电力数据进行深入挖掘,为电力行业的决策和运营提供有力支持。总的来说,智能电表通信技术研究是一个涉及多个领域的综合性研究课题,需要不断跟踪新技术的发展,结合实际需求进行技术创新和应用推广,以推动电力行业的智能化发展。
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 能源计量与能效管理在企业运营中占据重要地位。能源计量是指对能源流程中的各个环节进行数量、质量、性能参数及相关特征参数的检测、度量和计算。它不仅是企业加强能源管理、提高能源管理水平的基础,还是企业贯彻执行国家节能法规、政策、标准,合理用能,优化能源结构,提高能源利用效率,提高经济效益和市场竞争力的重要保证。能源计量工作通常分为三级计量,即进出用能单位、次级用能单位(如车间、工艺段等)以及主要用能设备。这种分级管理有助于企业更精确地掌握能源使用情况,从而更有效地进行能源管理和节能降耗。能效管理则是基于能源计量的数据,通过科学的管理手段和技术措施,实现能源的有效利用和节约。它涉及能源的采购、存储、转换、使用等各个环节,目标是提高能源的使用效率,降低能源消耗,减少对环境的影响。然而,在实际操作中,一些企业可能由于能源计量意识不强,对能源计量工作重视不足,导致能源使用浪费。此外,部分企业可能缺乏专业的能源计量人员,对能源计量数据的处理和分析能力不足,也影响了能效管理的效果。因此,企业需要提高能源计量意识,加强能源计量管理,培养专业的能源计量人员,并充分利用能源计量数据进行能效管理。同时,政府和社会也应加强对能源计量和能效管理工作的宣传和推广,提高全社会的节能意识和能力。至于能源计量与能效管理在特定企业或行业中的具体应用和实践,以及这些能源在使用过程中如何进行计量和管理,将需要根据具体企业的生产流程、设备状况、能源使用特点等因素进行具体分析。总的来说,能源计量与能效管理是企业实现可持续发展和节能减排目标的重要手段。
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 深入探讨了高端电能表的研究现状与发展趋势,重点分析了进口高端电表的差异化设计、技术标准及特殊测试方法。同时,结合双向互动智能电表新需求,提出了关键技术设计方案,为电表行业提供了有价值的参考。
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 提出一套全面而系统的多功能电能表性能评估品质试验方法。通过对比研究国内外相关标准和先进电表的技术指标,本方法综合考虑了电表的准确性、稳定性、可靠性以及智能化程度等多个方面,为电能表行业的品质提升和技术创新提供了有力支持。
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 多功能电能表的相关标准进行实用性评估,特别是针对国际电工委员会(IEC)标准以及国内相关标准的对比分析。通过对标准的深入剖析,本文试图揭示标准在实际应用中的优缺点,并探讨如何进一步完善标准,以更好地指导多功能电能表的设计、生产和应用。
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 电能表技术应用研究是一个深入且广泛的领域,涵盖了电能表的设计、制造、测试、校准以及其在电力系统中的应用等多个方面。随着科技的不断进步和电力行业的快速发展,电能表技术应用也在不断创新和完善。首先,从电能表的设计制造方面来看,现代电能表已经不再是简单的机械式电能表,而是采用了微处理器技术和通信技术,成为智能电能表。智能电能表具有高精度、多参数测量、谐波功率电能计量等优势,能够准确测量电能使用量,包括有功功率、无功功率和视在功率等相关参数。同时,智能电能表还具备远程抄表、实时监控、数据传输等功能,大幅度减少了人力资源的需求和成本,提高了电力系统的运行效率和管理水平。其次,在电能表的测试和校准方面,也采用了先进的技术手段。例如,高速率、实时测量交流采样技术,使得电能表的测量更为准确和迅速。同时,开放式、高速率通信技术的应用也使得电能表的数据传输更为可靠和高效。在电能表的应用方面,智能电能表在电力系统的监测和管理中发挥了重要作用。它可以实时地采集和分析系统的运行数据,根据需求进行调控,以保证系统的安全运行。此外,智能电能表还可以为电力系统的优化和节能提供数据支持和决策依据,有助于减少不必要的用电浪费,达到节能减排的目的。然而,电能表技术应用研究仍然面临一些挑战。例如,随着电力系统的不断发展,对电能表的性能要求也越来越高,需要不断提高电能表的测量精度和稳定性。同时,随着新能源和分布式电源的接入,电力系统变得更加复杂,对电能表的适应性也提出了更高的要求。因此,未来的电能表技术应用研究需要继续深入探索新的技术方法和手段,以满足电力系统的不断发展和变化的需求。例如,可以研究更加先进的测量算法和校准方法,提高电能表的测量精度和稳定性;可以研究更加智能的数据处理和分析技术,以实现对电力系统的更精准监测和管理;还可以研究更加高效的通信技术,提高电能表的数据传输效率和可靠性。此外,还需要关注电能表在新能源和分布式电源接入方面的应用问题。如何更好地适应新能源和分布式电源的接入,提高电力系统的运行效率和稳定性,是电能表技术应用研究的重要方向之一。综上所述,电能表技术应用研究是一个不断深入和发展的领域,需要不断探索和创新。通过不断的研究和应用,相信电能表将在未来的电力系统中发挥更加重要的作用,为电力行业的发展和社会的进步做出更大的贡献。
分类: 机械工程 >> 机械制造工艺与设备 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: The heat transfer mechanism andtemperature distributioninlaser weldingapplications have a great impact on the quality of the weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and the resultant microstructure characterizations of the welding process. In this study, the effects of pulsedlaser weldingparameters including the frequency and pulse width on the melt velocity field andtemperature distributionin dissimilarlaser weldingof stainless steel 420 (S.S 420) and stainless steel 304 (S.S 304) was investigated. A comprehensive comparison was conducted through the numerical simulation and artificial neural network (ANN). The results of numerical simulation indicated thatbuoyancy forceandMarangonistress are the most important factors in the formation of the flow of liquid metal. Also, increasing the pulse width from 8 to 12ms due to increasing the pulse energy, the temperature in the center of the melt pool increased about 250°C. This leads to increasing the convective heat transfer in the molten pool and heat affected zone (HAZ). The temperature difference at a distance of 1mm from the beam center at both metals at a frequency of 15 and 20Hz is bout 58 and 75°C, respectively. Furthermore, reducing the frequency to 5Hz, due to diminishment of thermal energy absorption time, has clearly decreased the weld penetration depth in the workpiece. According to the ANN results, increasing both pulse duration and frequency has the significant effect on increasing melting ratio from 0.4 to 0.8 compared to the other input parameters. The ANN results confirmed that under the same input conditions, because of the differences in thermal conductivity coefficient, absorption coefficient and melting point of the two pieces, S.S 304 has experienced higher temperatures about 10% more than S.S 420. Also, among the 13 back propagation learning algorithms, the Bayesian regularization algorithm had the best performance. Among the number of different neurons in the hidden layer, comparison was performed to prevent network overfitting. The maximum relative error of network output data and target data for S.S 304 and S.S 420 temperatures and melting ratio were 7.297, 10.16 and 11.33%, respectively.
分类: 机械工程 >> 机械工程其他学科 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: Increasing the transfer (HT) coefficient used in thermal industries is very important. Various methods are used to improve the efficiency of thermal heat HT so that maximum HT takes place in a smaller space. Ethylene glycol (EG) is generally used as an agent for convective HT. EG obtains energy from a hot source and discharges it to the required location. At present, the most consumption of EG is to produce engine cooling fluid. In the upcoming research, the TB of EG fluid in two-dimensional microchannels (MCs) has been investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the effect of variables such as MC dimensions and MC wall temperature (Temp) on the TB of the simulated fluid has been investigated. The results revealed that by increasing the Temp difference of the MC wall from 10 to 50 K, the maximum temperature (Max-Temp) and velocity (Max-Vel) of the target sample increased to 640.94 K and 0.024 Å/ps. It can be concluded that the increase in the cross-sectional area and the wall Temp difference leads to an increase in the HT rate in the MC.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: Due to their excellent safety performance, dispersion fuels are widely used in advanced reactors, such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). Compared with deterministic methods, the Monte Carlo method has more advantages in the geometric modeling of stochastic media. The explicit modeling method has high computational accuracy and high computational cost. The chord length sampling (CLS) method can improve computational efficiency by sampling the chord length during neutron transport using the matrix chord length’s probability density function (PDF). This study shows that the excluded-volume effect in realistic stochastic media can introduce significant deviations into the CLS. A chord length correction approach is proposed to obtain the chord length correction factor by developing the Particle code based on equivalent transmission probability. Through numerical analysis against reference solutions from explicit modeling in the RMC code, it was demonstrated that CLS with the proposed correction method provides good accuracy for addressing the excluded-volume effect in realistic infinite stochastic media.
分类: 心理学 >> 管理心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 职场正念在人际领域的益处日渐凸显,有必要厘清其在概念发展和人际作用方面的新趋势,为组织塑造积极的职场环境提供启发。研究揭示目前存在两种不同的职场正念概念发展趋势:结果导向和过程导向,前者关注职场背景下概念与测量的统一趋势以探索有益的结果集合,后者侧重挖掘正念嵌入人际互动的过程机制;职场正念通过四种关联机制对质量和功能相关的人际结果产生影响:(1)在互动中通过开放的注意力捕捉信息以协调相互依赖工作的知识关联;(2)降低与内外部情绪体验相关的自我推断并强化与他人之间归属、支持和关怀的情感关联;(3)在互动中促进资源积累与抑制资源流失的资源关联;(4)导航资源流动方向与影响价值交换意愿的交换关联;资源和交换关联机制可辅助促进知识和情感关联机制。未来需更深入地探讨职场正念在数字化和AI 技术、远程办公及职场多样化、公平与包容性文化和污名化管理等挑战性工作领域的人际作用。
分类: 护理学 >> 护理学 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: 过敏性紫癜(Henoch-Schönlein purpura,HSP)现也称IgA血管炎(IgA vasculitis,IgAV),是儿童时期常见的一种血管炎 1 ,是以非血小板减少、皮肤可触及的淤点瘀斑(为突出特点)、腹痛、关节肿痛和肾炎等症状为主要表现 2 ,少数患者还可能会伴有血管神经性水肿。食、药物过敏、化学污染因素、病毒及蚊虫叮咬、寒冷环境等诸多因素是导致疾病发生的诱因 3 。肾脏受累的轻重程度及治疗决定此病预后转归 4 。目的和方法:经过治疗与中西医结合护理,辨证施护,促进疾病痊愈。结论 中西医结合护理治疗,中医辨证施食,能够促进病情痊愈。