分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-01 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要: 为探究吉县近30 a植被动态演变规律及其影响因素,本研究基于Landsat影像,结合气象、土地利用、夜间灯光等数据,采用趋势分析、偏相关分析、随机森林、残差分析等方法探究吉县植被覆盖度时空变化特征及气候和人为因素对植被变化的影响。结果显示:(1)1990—2020年研究区植被覆盖度(FVC)整体呈显著上升趋势,FVC年均增长速率约为0.49%,植被质量明显改善。(2)吉县FVC具有明显的“低值-高值”交错分布的空间特征。1990—2020年FVC显著增加区占51%,FVC显著减少区占7%。(3)气候因素对部分FVC高值区和建筑区植被生长起抑制作用,对其余地区植被覆盖起促进作用。将人类活动作为全域影响因素考虑时气候和人类活动对植被动态的贡献率分别为53.43%、46.57%,将其作为局域变量时相对贡献率减少至13.07%。人类活动在特定地区如吉县中部和东部是植被退化的重要影响因素,西侧和南部的植被恢复也与之相关。研究结果可为区域生态修复工作进一步开展提供科学依据。
分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要: 蒸散发过程影响因素众多,潜在蒸散发(ET0)与气象变量交互作用复杂,亟需揭示ET0变化对气象变量的响应机理。基于河西走廊及周边21个气象站点气象资料,采用定性定量分析方法,以河西走廊整体及3分区2个空间尺度,揭示ET0时空变化规律,明确ET0对各气象因素变化敏感性及贡献。结果表明:(1) 河西走廊及分区ET0均呈显著波动上升趋势(Z>1.98),线性变化率2.94 mm·a-1,且黑河分区变化最明显。(2) ET0由东南向西北递增变化,中东部石羊河分区(1003.78 mm)、黑河分区(1031.30 mm)较小,西部疏勒河分区(1171.89 mm)较大。(3) 河西走廊ET0对气象因素变化敏感性排序为相对湿度(RH)、日最高气温(Tmax)、日照时数(n)、平均风速(u)、日降水量(P),ET0对RH减少最敏感,对P变化最不敏感。(4) u增大是造成河西走廊ET0增大的主要原因,其次是RH减少、Tmax升高、n增加。(5) 疏勒河分区、黑河分区、石羊河分区ET0呈增加变化,贡献最大因素分别为Tmax(5.13%)、u(8.22%)、Tmax(5.97%),贡献最小因素为n。气候因素中的风速和气温变化是河西走廊地区ET0变化不容忽视的重要影响因素,研究成果对合理规划农田灌溉用水和提高农业水资源利用效率意义重大。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: The exploration of exotic shapes and properties of atomic nuclei, e.g., α cluster and toroidal shape, is a
fascinating field in nuclear physics. To study the decay of these nuclei, a novel detector aimed at detecting
multiple alpha-particle events was designed and constructed. The detector comprises two layers of double-sided
silicon strip detectors (DSSD) and a cesium iodide scintillator array coupled with silicon photomultipliers array
as light sensors, which has the advantages of their small size, fast response, and large dynamic range. DSSDs
couple with cesium iodide crystal arrays are used to distinguish multiple alpha hits. The detector array has a
compact and integrated design that can be adapted to different experimental conditions. The detector array was
simulated using Geant4, and the excitation energy spectra of some alpha-clustering nuclei were reconstructed
to demonstrate the performance. The simulation results show that the detector array has excellent angular
and energy resolutions, enabling effective reconstruction of the nuclear excited state by multiple alpha particle
events. This detector offers a new and powerful tool for nuclear physics experiments and has the potential to
discover interesting physical phenomena related to exotic nuclear structures and their decay mechanisms
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: In recent years, the gap between the supply and demand of medical radioisotopes has increased, necessitating new methods for producing medical radioisotopes. Photonuclear reactions based on gamma sources have unique advantages in terms of producing high specific activity and innovative medical radioisotopes. However, the lack of experimental data on reaction cross sections for photonuclear reactions of medical radioisotopes of interest has severely limited the development and production of photonuclear transmutation medical radioisotopes. In this study, the entire process of the generation, decay, and measurement of medical radioisotopes was simulated using online gamma activation and offline gamma measurements combined with a shielding gammaray spectrometer. Based on a quasi-monochromatic gamma beam from the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS), the feasibility of the measurement of production cross section for surveyed medical isotopes was simulated, and specific solutions for measuring medical radioisotopes with low production cross sections were provided. The feasibility of this method for high precision measurements of the reaction cross section of medical radioisotopes was demonstrated.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-03-18
摘要: 通过在 Nilsson 势中引入八极关联相互作用,基于推转壳模型(CSM)下的粒子数守恒方法(PNC)处
理包含单极和四极对力的哈密顿量,研究了反射不对称(RA)原子核的基态转动带。基于此, PNC-CSM 的计
算结果重现了轻锕系区偶偶核 236,238U 和 238,240Pu 的交替宇称带,以及奇-𝐴 核 237U 和 239Pu 的宇称带双重带
的转动惯量实验值。与相邻偶偶核 236,238U 和 238,240Pu 相比,奇-𝐴 核 237U 和 239Pu 的 𝑠 = −𝑖 内禀转动带的转
动惯量增加了 50% ∼ 60%。这些增加的转动惯量主要是由费米面附近中子轨道的泡利堵塞效应减弱了中子体
系的对关联导致。 U 和 Pu 同位素中,转动惯量随着转动频率缓慢增加则可以解释为转动使得体系的对关联减
弱。在低频率区,反射不对称原子核的转动惯量明显高于相对应的反射对称(RS)原子核的转动惯量。并且,
与反射对称原子核相比,较大的八极形变将导致反射不对称原子核体系的对关联减弱更加明显。
分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-01 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要: 近年来,为实现城市生活污泥的资源化利用,通过碱热水解技术制成的污泥热碱液被广泛关注。干旱是自然界中主要非生物胁迫之一,严重限制了作物的生长发育。为了改善干旱胁迫对蔬菜作物的影响,同时实现污泥资源化利用,本研究以小青菜(Brassica chinensis)为材料,通过盆栽试验设置4个水分梯度模拟不同干旱程度,在不同干旱程度下分别冲施等氮量的热碱液和尿素溶液,探讨热碱液对叶菜抵抗干旱胁迫的作用机制。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,经热碱液处理后,小青菜根长密度、根表面积密度和根体积密度均显著增加,进而促进对水分和氮素营养的吸收,提高叶片相对含水量,维持光合作用;冗余分析表明热碱液的施用主要提高过氧化氢酶活性和叶片相对含水量降低干旱胁迫对小青菜生长的负面影响。综上所述,将污泥热碱液应用到蔬菜生产中可缓解干旱胁迫对叶菜造成的生长抑制,为干旱地区蔬菜生产提供了策略,也为有效无害化、资源化利用城市生活污泥提供了一种新途径。
分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-01 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要: 为了解荒漠植物叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量与土壤环境因子的关系,以新疆艾比湖保护区高、低水盐 环境下 14 种荒漠植物群落为研究对象,测定植物叶片 C、N、P 含量,讨论其化学计量比、植物内稳态特征及其与土壤 环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)在不同水盐环境下,土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、C:N、C:P 及植物叶片 N、P 含量 存在显著差异。(2)Pearson 相关性分析表明,叶片 C:P 与土壤电导率(EC)、SOC、C:N 和 C:P 呈显著负相关;叶片 C 与 土壤 C:N 呈显著负相关;叶片 P 与土壤 SOC、C:N,叶片 N 与土壤 C:N、叶片 C:N 与土壤 TN 呈显著正相关;叶片 P 与土 壤 C:P、叶片 C:N 与土壤 N:P 呈极显著正相关;且冗余分析表明,土壤 C:P 对艾比湖保护区植物叶片 C、N、P 含量及化 学计量特征影响显著。(3)随土壤水盐的变化,植物叶片 N、P 含量及 N:P 的内稳态模型模拟结果不显著,内稳性指 数 H 均大于 4,属于绝对稳态,说明该研究区植物对土壤养分的适应性良好。
分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-01 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要: 利用1959—2021年内蒙古119个国家站的冰雹观测记录与ERA5再分析数据,对比分析冰雹与非冰雹层结、水汽、特殊温度层高度、垂直风切变及云微观物理量的差异,建立冰雹预报模型,为冰雹的潜势预报提供客观定量的依据。结果表明:冰雹、非冰雹K指数、假相当位温差、垂直风切变、比湿及云微观结构差异不显著。总指数(TT)>50 ℃,850 hPa与500 hPa温度差≥28.4 ℃,大气可降水量≤24 mm,-20 ℃层高度
分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-01 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要: 植物生物量分配特征及其向土壤中的物质输入是退化沙质草地生态系统恢复,尤其是土壤碳含量增加的关键环节。本研究以科尔沁沙地不同恢复阶段的流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘和封育草地为研究对象,调查分析草本植被生物量分配特征、根系性状和土壤理化性质特征,厘清生物量分配特征和根系性状与土壤碳的相互关系。结果发现:随着沙化草地逐步恢复,植被地上生物量、根系生物量、地表凋落物以及地下残体均呈显著的增加趋势(P<0.01),相对于沙化严重的流动沙丘,半固定沙丘、固定沙丘和封育草地的植物总干物质(生物量+凋落物)分别增加了11.0%、116.3%和151.2%。与生物量变化趋势相同,土壤碳含量随沙化草地的逐步恢复显著增加(P<0.05),其中0~10 cm层的增加速率高于10~20 cm层。结构方程模型(SEM)分析显示,0~10 cm层土壤碳含量受地表凋落物、地下残体和根表面积3个因素的影响,10~20 cm层土壤碳含量仅受地下残体和根表面积两个因素的影响,同时,两层土壤碳含量均与地上生物量无显著的关系。研究结果表明,在退化沙质草地恢复过程中,土壤碳含量主要受凋落物输入以及根系性状的影响,而与地上生物量无直接关系。
分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-01 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要: 基于MODIS NPP、EVI遥感影像,采用MVC法、一元线性回归法与Pearson相关分析法,探讨天山北坡昌吉州草地植被时空动态及其对同期气温、降水的响应。结果表明:2000—2020年,草地植被NPP、EVI均为跃动式显著递增,2016年后呈逐年递减;NPP、EVI多年均值为0.095 kg C·m-2、0.186;相较于2000年(NPP=0.077 kg C·m-2、EVI=0.166),2020年NPP(0.099 kg C·m-2)、EVI(0.194)分别增长了28.57%、16.87%。草地NPP空间异质性显著增加并呈扩大趋势,EVI空间差异逐年递增,变化范围分别为0.038 kg C·m-2(NPP)、0.059(EVI)。在空间上,NPP、EVI多年平均分布具有差异;总体上,NPP、EVI随海拔升高而增加,但绿洲边缘、古尔班通古特沙漠南缘分布有高位EVI,面积占比65.01%的NPP与21.93%的EVI显著递增。9种草地类型植被NPP、EVI与降水呈显著正相关的面积占比远大于同期气温,不同类型草地对降水的响应具有差异。降水是草地植被的重要影响因子,但高海拔区域的适度增温有益于草地植被生长。
分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-03-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要: 大通河流域地处青藏高原东北部边缘,生态环境敏感脆弱,开展变化环境下水资源演变、归因研究对保护区域水生态环境,保障水生态文明建设具有十分重要的意义。采用线性倾向估计、集中度、集中期、有序聚类检验、小波分析等统计方法,分析了流域径流的年际变化、年内分配、周期和突变变化特征,基于累积量斜率变化率法和双累积曲线定量评估了气候因素和人类活动对径流变化的影响。结果表明:(1)近60 a大通河流域气候暖湿化明显,年平均气温、降水量、潜在蒸发量增幅分别为0.42 ℃·(10a)-1 和8.9 mm·(10a)-1、5.6 mm·(10a)-1,年径流呈减少趋势,倾向率0.67×108 m3·(10a)-1。(2)径流集中度和不均匀系数呈微弱下降趋势,枯季径流增加趋势明显,年内分配更趋于均匀,集中期有推迟趋势,延迟速率为3.0 d·(10a)-1。(3)年径流在44 a左右尺度上周期震荡明显,突变发生在1990年,突变后径流量减少3.52×108 m3,流域冰川分布呈减小趋势,植被覆盖无显著变化。(4)气候、人类活动对大通河径流减少的贡献率分别为-17.7%和117.7%,降水量是流域来水的主要补给来源,跨流域调水是引起径流减小的主要驱动因素。
分类: 数字出版 >> 互联网期刊 提交时间: 2024-03-14
摘要: 【目的】研究科学传播共同体中国式现代化的早期实践探索,追溯阐析科学交流系统“中国范式”构建之历史渊源与内涵特质,为在中国特色的文化根基上创新发展科学传播自主知识体系提供历史镜鉴、注入精神内核。【方法】基于科学传播共同体之内涵建设,研究中国科学期刊协会推进科学期刊编辑与发行的实践活动及相关交流讨论,分析总结其对中国科学期刊范式内涵的构建。【结果】中国科学期刊协会从体制目标、行为规范、精神气质三方面构建科学期刊范式内涵:在体制目标上要求科学期刊抱团生存、发挥使命;在行为规范上要求科学期刊坚持中国本位、分类建设;在精神气质上要求科学期刊艰苦奋斗、撒播信仰。【结论】中国科学期刊协会的组织探索是中国科学工作者对科学家社会角色的自觉实践,初步构建起中国科学期刊范式内涵。在新中国“科学国家化”“人民科学”等社会条件的保障下,“中国范式”的科学交流系统实现落地。
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We present a novel simulation-based hybrid emulator approach that maximally derives cosmological and Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) information from non-linear galaxy clustering, with sufficient precision for DESI Year 1 (Y1) analysis. Our hybrid approach first samples the HOD space on a fixed cosmological simulation grid to constrain the high-likelihood region of cosmology+HOD parameter space, and then constructs the emulator within this constrained region. This approach significantly reduces the parameter volume emulated over, thus achieving much smaller emulator errors with fixed number of training points. We demonstrate that this combined with state-of-the-art simulations result in tight emulator errors comparable to expected DESI Y1 LRG sample variance. We leverage the new AbacusSummit simulations and apply our hybrid approach to CMASS non-linear galaxy clustering data. We infer constraints on $\sigma_8 = 0.762\pm0.024$ and $f\sigma_8 (z_{eff} = 0.52) = 0.444\pm0.016$, the tightest among contemporary galaxy clustering studies. We also demonstrate that our $f\sigma_8$ constraint is robust against secondary biases and other HOD model choices, a critical first step towards showcasing the robust cosmology information accessible in non-linear scales. We speculate that the additional statistical power of DESI Y1 should tighten the growth rate constraints by at least another 50-60%, significantly elucidating any potential tension with Planck. We also address the "lensing is low" tension, where we find that the combined effect of a lower $f\sigma_8$ and environment-based bias lowers the predicted lensing signal by 15%, accounting for approximately 50% of the discrepancy between the lensing measurement and clustering-based predictions.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Correlated red noise recently reported from pulsar timing observations may be an indication of stochastic gravitational waves emitted by cosmic strings that formed during a primordial phase transition near the Grand Unification energy scale. Unfortunately, known probes of cosmic strings, namely the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies and string lensing of extragalactic galaxies, are not sensitive enough for low string tensions of $G\mu = 10^{-10}-10^{-7}$ that are needed to explain this putative signal. We show that strong gravitational lensing of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) by cosmic strings is a potentially unambiguous avenue to probe that range of string tension values. The image pair of string lensing are expected to have identical magnification factor and parity, and have a typical time delay of $\sim 10^2\,\,(G\,\mu/10^{-8})^2$ seconds. The unique spectral fingerprint of each FRB, as well as the possibility to detect correlations in the time series of the electric field of the radio waves, will enable verification of the string lensing interpretation. Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations can spatially resolve the image pair and provide a lower bound on the string tension based on the image separation. We calculate the FRB lensing rate as a function of FRB detection number for several different models of the FRB redshift distribution. We find that a survey detecting $\sim 10^5$ FRBs, in line with estimates for the detection rate of the forthcoming survey CHORD, can uncover a strong lensing event for a string tension of $G\mu \simeq 10^{-7}$. Larger FRB surveys, such as Phase 2 of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), have the potential to significantly improve the sensitivity on the string tension to $G\mu \simeq 10^{-9}$.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: We simulate the gravitational dynamics of a massive object interacting with Ultralight / Fuzzy Dark Matter (ULDM/FDM), non-relativistic quantum matter described by the Schrodinger-Poisson equation. We first consider a point mass moving in a uniform background, and then a supermassive black hole (SMBH) moving within a ULDM soliton. After replicating simple dynamical friction scenarios to verify our numerical strategies, we demonstrate that the wake induced by a moving mass in a uniform medium may undergo gravitational collapse that dramatically increases the drag force, albeit in a scenario unlikely to be encountered astrophysically. We broadly confirm simple estimates of dynamical friction timescales for a black hole at the center of a halo but see that a large moving point mass excites coherent "breathing modes" in a ULDM soliton. These can lead to "stone skipping" trajectories for point masses which do not sink uniformly toward the center of the soliton, as well as stochastic motion near the center itself. These effects will add complexity to SMBH-ULDM interactions and to SMBH mergers in a ULDM universe.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Measuring the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) is a key to understand the Active Galactic Nuclei population, their absorption distribution and their average spectra. However, hard X-ray instruments suffer from time-dependent backgrounds and cross-calibration issues. The uncertainty of the CXB normalization remain of the order of 20%. To obtain a more accurate measurement, the Monitor Vsego Neba (MVN) instrument was built in Russia but not yet launched to the ISS (arXiv:1410.3284). We follow the same ideas to develop a CXB detector made of four collimated spectrometers with a rotating obturator on top. The collimators block off-axis photons below 100 keV and the obturator modulates on-axis photons allowing to separate the CXB from the instrumental background. Our spectrometers are made of 20 mm thick CeBr$_{3}$ crystals on top of a SiPM array. One tube features a $\sim$20 cm$^2$ effective area and more energy coverage than MVN, leading to a CXB count rate improved by a factor of $\sim$10 and a statistical uncertainty $\sim$0.5% on the CXB flux. A prototype is being built and we are seeking for a launch opportunity.
分类: 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The wavelet analysis technique is a powerful tool and is widely used in broad disciplines of engineering, technology, and sciences. In this work, we present a novel scheme of constructing continuous wavelet functions, in which the wavelet functions are obtained by taking the first derivative of smoothing functions with respect to the scale parameter. Due to this wavelet constructing scheme, the inverse transforms are only one-dimensional integrations with respect to the scale parameter, and hence the continuous wavelet transforms constructed in this way are more ready to use than the usual scheme. We then apply the Gaussian-derived wavelet constructed by our scheme to computations of the density power spectrum for dark matter, the velocity power spectrum and the kinetic energy spectrum for baryonic fluid. These computations exhibit the convenience and strength of the continuous wavelet transforms. The transforms are very easy to perform, and we believe that the simplicity of our wavelet scheme will make continuous wavelet transforms very useful in practice.
分类: 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Quantum transducers that can convert quantum signals from the microwave to the optical domain are a crucial optical interface for quantum information technology. Coherent microwave-to-optics conversions have been realized with various physical platforms, but all of them are limited to low efficiencies of less than 50\%, the threshold of the no-cloning quantum regime. Here we report a coherent microwave-to-optics transduction using Rydberg atoms and off-resonant scattering technique with an efficiency of $82\pm 2\%$ and a bandwidth of about 1 MHz. The high conversion efficiency is maintained for microwave photons range from thousands to about 50, suggesting that our transduction is readily applicable to the single-photon level. Without requiring cavities or aggressive cooling to quantum ground states, our results would push atomic transducers closer to practical applications in quantum technologies.
分类: 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: Plasma frequency is the spectral boundary for low-loss propagation and evanescent decay of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves, which corresponds to a high cut-off phenomenon and is typically utilized for identifying SPPs. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, a metal line with periodic metallic grooves can mimic the conventional optical SPPs, which is referred to as designer SPPs. Theoretically, the plasma frequency of THz SPPs decreases as the groove depth increases. Here, by replacing the metallic grooves with graphene sheets, dynamically sweeping SPP plasma frequency is demonstrated for the first time. The metal-graphene hybrid structure comprises a metal line with periodic graphene grooves, a thin-layer ion gel for gating graphene, and metallic tips for uniforming gate field. As the chemical potential changes, the average conductivity of graphene is modulated so that the effective depth of the graphene grooves changes, which sweeps the plasma frequency of THz SPPs consequently. Both simulated and experimental data demonstrate a red shift of plasma frequency from 195 to 180 GHz at a low bias from -0.5 to 0.5 V. The proposed structure reveals a novel approach to control the on/off status of SPP propagation in the THz range.
分类: 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间: 2023-02-19
摘要: The Kerr soliton frequency comb is a revolutionary compact ruler of coherent light that allows applications, from precision metrology to quantum information technology. The universal, reliable, and low-cost soliton microcomb source is key to these applications. In this work, we thoroughly present an innovative design strategy for realizing optical microresonators with two adjacent modes, separated by approximately 10 GHz, which stabilizes soliton formation without using additional auxiliary laser or RF components. We demonstrate the deterministic generation of the single-solitons that span 1.5-octaves, i.e., near 200 THz, via adiabatic pump wavelength tuning. The ultra-wide soliton existence ranges up to 17 GHz not only suggests the robustness of the system but will also extend the applications of soliton combs. Moreover, the proposed scheme is found to easily give rise to multi-solitons as well as the soliton crystals featuring enhanced repetition rate (2 and 3 THz) and conversion efficiency greater than 10%. We also show the effective thermal tuning of mode separation for stably accessing single-soliton. Our results are crucial for the chip-scale self-referenced frequency combs with a simplified configuration.