分类： 心理学 >> 应用心理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30
摘要： 本文通过三个研究探究了交互自然性的心理结构及其影响。研究1通过开展字典检索，文献回顾和专家访谈，得到了包含有9个条目的初始量表。研究2问卷调查了353名智能网联汽车用户，探索性因素分析发现了两因素结构 (通达舒畅和随境应人)。后续分析表明这两个因素对满意度等关键校标有显著独特的预测作用。研究3使用新样本 (n = 349) 验证了双因素模型的稳定性，还发现这两个交互自然性体验维度对推荐意愿、忠诚感等重要变量也有显著预测作用，此外还发现，通达舒畅更多受到基本驾驶辅助系统等功能的影响，而随境引人更多受到交互和智能相关功能的影响。本文进一步讨论了该量表如何用于未来的人机交互研究。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Hyperspectral remote sensing technology is widely used to detect element contents because of its multiple bands, high resolution, and abundant information. Although researchers have paid considerable attention to selecting the optimal bandwidth for the hyperspectral inversion of metal element contents in rocks, the influence of bandwidth on the inversion accuracy are ignored. In this study, we collected 258 rock samples in and near the Kalatage polymetallic ore concentration area in the southwestern part of Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and measured the ground spectra of these samples. The original spectra were resampled with different bandwidths. A Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model was used to invert Cu contents of rock samples and then the influence of different bandwidths on Cu content inversion accuracy was explored. According to the results, the PLSR model obtains the highest Cu content inversion accuracy at a bandwidth of 35 nm, with the model determination coefficient (R2) of 0.5907. The PLSR inversion accuracy is relatively unaffected by the bandwidth within 580 nm, but the accuracy decreases significantly at 85 nm bandwidth (R2=0.5473), and the accuracy gradually decreased at bandwidths beyond 85 nm. Hence, bandwidth has a certain impact on the inversion accuracy of Cu content in rocks using the PLSR model. This study provides an indicator argument and theoretical basis for the future design of hyperspectral sensors for rock geochemistry.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
SONG Yujia
LIU Xijun
XIAO Wenjiao
ZHANG Zhiguo
LIU Pengde
XIAO Yao
LI Rui
WANG Baohua
LIU Lei
HU Rongguo
摘要： The Central Tianshan Block is one of numerous microcontinental blocks within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) that overlies Precambrian basement rocks. Constraining the evolution of these ancient basement rocks is central to understanding the accretionary and collisional tectonics of the CAOB, and their place within the Rodinia supercontinent. However, to date, the timing and tectonic settings in which the basement rocks in the Central Tianshan Block formed are poorly constrained, with only sparse geochemical and geochronological data from granitic rocks within the northern segment of the block. Here, we present a systematic study combining UPb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and the SrNd isotopic compositions of newly-identified granitic gneisses from the Bingdaban area of Central Tianshan Block. The analyzed samples yield a weighted mean Neoproterozoic 206Pb/238U ages of 975911 Ma. These weakly-peraluminous granitic rocks show a common geochemical I-type granite affinity. The granitic gneisses are calc-alkaline and enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), but they are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs); these characteristics are similar to those of typical subduction-related magmatism. All samples show initial (87Sr/86Sr)(t) ratios between 0.705136 and 0.706745. Values for ƐNd(t) in the granitic gneisses are in the range from 5.7 to 1.2, which correspond to Nd model ages of 2.01.7 Ga, indicating a role for Mesoproterozoic to Paleoproterozoic rocks in the generation of the granitic protoliths. The documented geochemical features indicate that the protoliths for the gneisses have a similar petrogenesis and magmatic source, which may reflect partial melting of thickened crust with the addition of small amounts of mantle-derived material. The Central Tianshan Block probably constitute part of an exterior orogen that developed along the margin of the Rodinian supercontinent during the Early Neoproterozoic and underwent a transition from subduction to syn-collision compression at 975911 Ma.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Leaf wetness provides a wide range of benefits not only to leaves, but also to ecosystems and communities. It regulates canopy eco-hydrological processes and drives spatial differences in hydrological flux. In spite of these functions, little remains known about the spatial distribution of leaf wetness under different soil water conditions. Leaf wetness measurements at the top (180 cm), middle (135 cm), and bottom (85 cm) of the canopy positions of rainfed jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in the Chinese loess hilly region were obtained along with meteorological and soil water conditions during the growing seasons in 2019 and 2020. Under soil water non-deficit condition, the frequency of occurrence of leaf wetness was 5.45% higher at the top than at the middle and bottom of the canopy positions. The frequency of occurrence of leaf wetness at the top, middle and bottom of the canopy positions was over 80% at 17:00‒18:00 (LST). However, the occurrence of leaf wetness at the top was earlier than those at the middle and bottom of the canopy positions. Correspondingly, leaf drying at the top was also latter than those at the middle and bottom of the canopy positions. Leaf wetness duration at the middle was similar to that at the bottom of the canopy position, but about 1.463.01 h less than that at the top. Under soil water deficit condition, the frequency of occurrence of leaf wetness (4.92%45.45%) followed the order of top>middle>bottom of the canopy position. As the onset of leaf wetness was delayed, the onset of wet leaf drying was advanced and the leaf wetness duration was shortened. Leaf wetness duration at the top was linearly related (R2>0.70) to those at the middle and bottom of the canopy positions under different soil water conditions. In conclusion, the hydrological processes at canopy surfaces of rainfed jujube depended on the position of leaves, thus adjusting canopy structure to redistribute hydrological process is a way to meet the water need of jujube.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Groundwater plays a dominant role in the eco-environmental protection of arid and semi-arid regions. Understanding the sources and mechanisms of groundwater recharge, the interactions between groundwater and surface water and the hydrogeochemical evolution and transport processes of groundwater in the Longdong Loess Basin, Northwest China, is of importance for water resources management in this ecologically sensitive area. In this study, 71 groundwater samples (mainly distributed at the Dongzhi Tableland and along the Malian River) and 8 surface water samples from the Malian River were collected, and analysis of the aquifer system and hydrological conditions, together with hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques were used to investigate groundwater sources, residence time and their associated recharge processes. Results show that the middle and lower reaches of the Malian River receive water mainly from groundwater discharge on both sides of valley, while the source of the Malian River mainly comes from local precipitation. Groundwater of the Dongzhi Tableland is of a HCO3CaNa type with low salinity. The reverse hydrogeochemical simulation suggests that the dissolution of carbonate minerals and cation exchange between Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ are the main water-rock interactions in the groundwater system of the Dongzhi Tableland. The 18O (from 11.70 to 8.52) and 2H (from 86.15 to 65.75) values of groundwater are lower than the annual weighted average value of precipitation but closer to summer-autumn precipitation and soil water in the unsaturated zone, suggesting that possible recharge comes from the summer-autumn monsoonal heavy precipitation in the recent past (220 a). The corrected 14C ages of groundwater range from 3,000 to 25,000 a old, indicating that groundwater was mainly from precipitation during the humid and cold Late Pleistocene and Holocene periods. Groundwater flows deeper from the groundwater table and from the center to the east, south and west of the Dongzhi Tableland with estimated migration rate of 1.291.43 m/a. The oldest groundwater in the Quaternary Loess Aquifer in the Dongzhi Tableland is approximately 32,000 a old with poor renewability. Based on the 18O temperature indicator of groundwater, we speculate that temperature of the Last Glacial Maximum in the Longdong Loess Basin was 2.4C6.0C colder than the present. The results could provide us the valuable information on groundwater recharge and evolution under thick loess layer, which would be significative for the scientific water resources management in semi-arid regions.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Long-term monitoring of the ecological environment changes is helpful for the protection of the ecological environment. Based on the ecological environment of the Sahel region in Africa, we established a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model for this region by combining dryness, moisture, greenness, and desertification indicators. Using the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study analyzed the ecological environment quality of the Sahel region during the period of 20012020. We used liner regression and fluctuation analysis methods to study the trend and fluctuation of RSEI, and utilized the stepwise regression approach to analyze the contribution of each indicator to the RSEI. Further, the correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between RSEI and precipitation, and Hurst index was applied to evaluate the change trend of RSEI in the future. The results show that RSEI of the Sahel region exhibited spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, it exhibited a decrease in gradient from south to north of the Sahel region. Moreover, RSEI in parts of the Sahel region presented non-zonal features. Different land-cover types demonstrated different RSEI values and changing trends. We found that RSEI and precipitation were positively correlated, suggesting that precipitation is the controlling factor of RSEI. The areas where RSEI values presented an increasing trend were slightly less than the areas where RSEI values presented a decreasing trend. In the Sahel region, the areas with the ecological environment characterized by continuous deterioration and continuous improvement accounted for 44.02% and 28.29% of the total study area, respectively, and the areas in which the ecological environment was changing from improvement to deterioration and from deterioration to improvement accounted for 12.42% and 15.26% of the whole area, respectively. In the face of the current ecological environment and future change trends of RSEI in the Sahel region, the research results provide a reference for the construction of the ''Green Great Wall'' (GGW) ecological environment project in Africa.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： As an important natural resource, forest land plays a key role in the maintenance of ecological security. However, variations of forest land in the agropastoral ecotone of northern China (AENC) have attracted little attention. Taking the AENC as an example and based on remote-sensing images from 2000, 2010 to 2020, we explored the spatiotemporal variation of forest land and its driving factors using the land-use transfer matrix, spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial error model. The results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the total area of forest land in the AENC increased from 75,547.52 to 77,359.96 km2 and the changes were dominated by the transformations among forest land, grassland and cropland, which occurred mainly in areas with the elevation of 5002000 m and slope of 1525. There was obvious spatial agglomeration of forest land in the AENC from 2000 to 2020, with hot spots of forest land gathered in the southern marginal areas of the Yanshan Mountains and the low mountainous and hilly areas of the Loess Plateau. The sub-hot spots around hot spots moved southward, the sub-cold spots spread to the surrounding areas and the cold spots disappeared. The spatiotemporal variation of forest land resulted from the interactions of natural environment, socioeconomic and policy factors from 2000 to 2020. The variables of average annual precipitation, slope, terrain relief, ecological conversion program and afforestation policy for barren mountains affected the spatial pattern of forest land positively, while those of annual average temperature, slope and road network density influenced it negatively.
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30
摘要： 边界是指在人的视野中占据较大比例，且具有立体拓展平面的障碍物，对于人类和动物的空间导航行为具有极大的促进作用。认知发展研究发现儿童早期(1岁半~2岁)通过加工边界的空间几何结构实现物体定位，并且随着年龄的发展逐渐学会利用边界的高度信息(3.1岁~4.7岁)、长度信息(4~5岁)、视觉阻碍性信息(5岁)等完成空间导航。基于这些认知过程，神经影像学研究主要以成人为研究被试，发现大脑中的内侧颞叶和顶叶脑区在边界加工中有着不同功能作用。具体而言，边界的空间几何结构及构成要素(高度、长度和角度)由大脑中的旁海马位置区和压后皮层联合区负责表征；边界的导航可供性由枕叶位置区负责表征；边界绑定的物体位置的学习和提取则由海马负责。但是，仍存在一些研究问题值得未来深入探讨。第一，拓展深化边界促进导航的认知过程及其发展规律。第二，全面揭示边界促进空间导航中广泛涉及的脑功能基础，尤其是内侧颞叶与后顶叶之间的功能交互。第三，密切关注大脑对场地边界与场地中心编码的心理或神经表征的区别和联系。第四，重点考察阿尔兹海默症有关基因易感人群在基于边界导航的行为受损情况。最后，延伸探讨边界在长时记忆、时间知觉、视觉空间、社交网络等领域的影响机制。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2022-01-30
摘要： 具体概念加工中的感知运动仿真是概念表征的核心加工过程。本研究系统探讨了语言因素(语言类型：第一语言和第二语言)和情境因素(知觉情境：空间知觉情境和语义知觉情境)对具体概念加工中感知运动仿真的影响。实验1采用语义相关判断范式探讨了第二语言加工过程中是否存在感知运动仿真，以及第二语言中的仿真和第一语言中的仿真是否存在差异。研究发现，第二语言加工中依然存在感知运动仿真，但是第一语言的感知运动仿真具有一定的优势。实验2采用语义相关判断范式及其变式，通过2个分实验分别探讨了个体加工概念时空间知觉信息和语义知觉信息对于概念表征过程中感知运动仿真的影响。研究发现，无论是在较弱的空间信息知觉条件下还是在较浅的语义信息知觉条件下，具体概念加工过程中都产生了感知运动仿真。本研究的发现弥补了知觉符号理论未对第二语言中的感知运动仿真提出针对性预测的不足，表明感知运动仿真具有一定的跨语言稳定性。同时，具体概念加工中的感知运动仿真不受空间信息和语义信息的调节，这表明感知运动仿真能在一定程度上自动化产生。
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间： 2022-01-28
摘要： 认识亲社会行为倾向、内化问题和外化问题的发展级联对青少年心理健康促进具有重要价值。采用个体内分析方法分析了894名初中生三年的追踪数据，并与传统的交叉滞后面板模型进行比较。结果发现：(1)在个体内水平，亲社会行为倾向与内化问题和外化问题具有中等或较弱的协同变化关系，T1亲社会行为倾向可负向预测T2内化问题，T2亲社会行为倾向可负向预测T3外化问题，具有较弱的预测作用；(2)在女生群体中，T2内化问题可正向预测T3外化问题，而在男生群体中，内化问题和外化问题没有相互预测作用；(3)亲社会行为倾向的四个因子(公开的、依从的、情绪的和利他的)可负向预测内化问题，它们仅在T2可负向预测外化问题，具有较弱的预测作用；(4)个体内分析方法得到的研究结果与传统交叉滞后分析方法不同，不同的个体内分析模型得到的研究结果也不同。结论：青少年早期亲社会行为倾向的发展可降低内化问题和外化问题，这种作用具有性别差异；个体内分析方法在青少年心理病理发展研究中具有重要应用价值。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2022-01-28
摘要： 共有消费是多位消费者共同参与并承担开销的一种常见的消费活动。本研究基于风险转移理论，探究了消费情境(单独消费vs.共有消费)对不熟悉产品偏好的作用机理及边界条件。通过五个实验，结果发现：相比于单独消费情境下的消费者，在共有消费情境下的消费者更愿意尝试不熟悉的产品。原因在于共有消费情境会转移消费风险，使得消费者对不熟悉产品的感知风险降低。但是该效应仅发生于产品风险较低的产品。同时，当共有消费群体的关系较为疏远时，该效应会消失甚至逆转。
分类： 心理学 >> 心理学其他学科 提交时间： 2022-01-27
摘要： 微生物-肠-脑轴假设在精神分裂症发病机制中的研究受到越来越多的关注。以往研究初步考察了肠道微生物的构成与精神分裂症患者脑影像和临床表征之间的联系，但具体的作用路径尚不明确。当前研究通过总结最新研究进展，并在此基础上提出肠道微生物影响精神分裂症患者大脑结构和功能的机制假设。相关内容对于进一步阐明精神分裂症的病理机制，为将肠道微生物纳入精神分裂症的评估与干预提供理论基础。
分类： 心理学 >> 教育心理学 提交时间： 2022-01-27
摘要： 近年来， 情感代理如何影响学习受到了研究者们的高度重视。 情感代理是一种能够通过言语、面部表情和肢体动作等多种方式激发学习者情感体验的教学代理。 已有大多数研究发现情感代理能够有效地唤起学习者的积极情绪(d 积极情绪 = 0.45)，提高内部动机(d 内部动机 = 0.52)，但对学习效果的促进作用较为微弱(d 保持 =0.18， d 理解 =0.32， d 迁移 = 0.14， d 联合 = 0.32)。研究者们从情绪感染理论、情绪反应理论、 多媒体学习认知情感理论、 认知负荷理论以及干扰理论等不同的角度对情感代理的效果进行了解释。 未来研究仍需要从实验操纵、 边界条件、 内部机制等方面进一步考察情感代理的作用。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2022-01-26
摘要： 随着社会的发展,家庭中的性别角色分工虽有所变化, 不过传统的男主外女主内的刻板观念仍然存在。虽然已有大量研究关注到性别刻板印象激活的一致性效应, 但在不同冲突水平的任务背景下, 不同条件诱发的认知控制对性别刻板印象表达的影响尚不明确, 因此在以往研究的基础上, 本研究基于经典的双重控制理论和冲突监控理论, 探究不同任务冲突试次比例条件对性别刻板印象表达的影响。结果发现：(1)当目标信息为图像刺激时, 不同冲突比例的任务水平对性别刻板印象的表达没有差异；(2)而当目标信息为语义刺激时, 高冲突比例的任务水平易抑制性别刻板印象的表达, 低冲突比例的任务水平易加强性别刻板印象的表达, 并且高冲突水平下产生的认知控制加工能够在随后不同的任务中得到保持。这些结果表明不同冲突比例水平的任务引发的认知控制可以抑制性别刻板印象的表达, 但会受到信息呈现形式的影响。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 频繁的旱灾对甘肃省经济、农业生产造成严重危害，因此利用先进方法建立准确可靠的农业干旱监测模型对该省防旱减灾十分重要。本文基于随机森林（RF）、BP神经网络和支持向量机（SVM）3种机器学习方法，利用甘肃省20022019 年410 月多源遥感数据得到的植被状态指数（VCI）、温度状态指数（TCI）、植被供水指数（VSWI）、降水状态指数（PCI）以及DEM、土壤有效含水量（AWC）和气候类型作为自变量，气象站点以3个月时间尺度的标准化降水蒸发指数（SPEI_3）为因变量，构建3种不同的农业干旱监测模型，分析比较出适用于监测甘肃省农业干旱的最佳模型，同时进一步探究了机器学习方法构建的模型在不同环境下的适用性。结果表明：构建的3种机器学习模型中，随机森林模型的R2平均值高（0.86）且误差小（RMSE为0.40，MAE为0.31），农业干旱的监测效果要优于BP神经网络和支持向量机模型；干燥和湿润两种环境下分别构建的3种机器学习模型在湿润环境中监测能力表现均更优异（R2>0.82），而随机森林模型在两种环境中监测干旱的表现比其他两种模型强。研究结果为甘肃省的农业干旱监测与评估提供了新的科学方法，对农业干旱研究具有重要意义。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 为探究保护性耕作对陇中黄土高原旱作麦田蓄水保墒效果和产量形成的影响。在连续5 a田间试验的基础上，分析了陇中黄土高原旱作麦田从2019年8月至2020年8月一个耕作周期内，不同耕作措施（传统耕作T、秸秆覆盖TS，免耕NT和免耕秸秆覆盖NTS）对麦田休闲期蓄墒率、水分利用效率、春小麦干物质积累与转运、产量及农艺性状的影响。结果表明：（1）与处理T相比，NTS处理提高了耕层土壤容重和含水量，提高了旱作麦田播种和收获期土壤蓄水量，使水分利用效率提高了48.18%、休闲期蓄墒率提高了5.70%；（2）NTS处理显著提高了春小麦叶面积指数、延缓了叶片的衰老，相比于TS和NT处理，NTS处理下花后干物质积累量分别提高了67.38%和32.14%，花后干物质贡献率分别提高了12.47%和6.61%；（3）NTS处理优化了产量构成因素、显著提高了春小麦产量，使产量达到了3243.30 kg∙hm-2，比传统耕作（T）产量提高了49.32%；NTS处理改善了春小麦群体结构，显著提高了春小麦根系干重、株高和生物量，降低了根冠比，相关性分析表明水分利用效率、叶面积指数、根系干重的提高是促进小麦增产的重要原因。在本试验条件下，免耕秸秆覆盖是实现陇中黄土高原旱作麦田蓄水保墒及节水增产的最优耕作措施、值得在该地区推广应用。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 农村饮水安全工程是实现全面小康的重大民生工程。研究基于统计数据、实地走访和调查问卷，运用熵权法和模糊数学法，对甘肃省农村饮水安全工程运行管理现状进行评价。旨在建立较全面系统且合理长效的评价体系，同时分析目前饮水安全工程运行管理中存在的问题。结果表明：（1）甘肃省农村饮水安全工程运行管理状况良好，但是省内地区间差异较大，表现为河西5市的评价结果较好，南部各县（市、区）的评价结果相对较差。（2）对评价等级为一般的地区，需要针对政策落实、管理条例更新执行、提升公众维护意识、水管员队伍建设以及供水管道的智能化建设方面进一步优化部署。经过多年的实践探索，甘肃省形成了集中供水工程和分散供水工程并举的特色饮水安全工程建设模式。本研究以期为农村饮水安全工程建设提供切实可行的对策建议，同时也为今后甘肃省乃至全国其他地区的农村饮水安全建设提供技术支撑与科学依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 半干旱地区矿区的土地利用格局在采矿干扰下发生着巨大变化，以全国八大煤炭生产基地之一的山西省大同矿区为研究对象，分析19852015年土地利用类型的时空变化以及影响土地利用变化的驱动因子，构建RF（Random Forest，RF）-FLUS（Future Land Use Simulation，FLUS）模型模拟预测半干旱区矿区未来土地利用变化，结果表明：（1）19852015年，矿区的林地、耕地和水域面积减少，草地和建设用地面积增加。（2）林地、草地分布受气候及距离水系和设施点的距离影响较大；耕地分布受气候、高程及距水域、居民点的距离影响较大；水域分布最重要的影响因子是降水；建设用地分布主要受生产能力和距设施点的距离影响较大。（3）FLUS模型和RF-FLUS模型拟合精度均较高，但RF-FLUS模型比FLUS模型精度更高，更接近实际土地格局变化结果。（4）根据RF-FLUS模型对矿区2025年土地利用变化预测表明，矿区内林地、草地和耕地均呈下降趋势，下降速率变化不大；水域保持不变，建设用地与其他类型（裸地和未利用地）保持稳定上升的趋势。本研究为探究矿区土地格局复杂动态演变机制、探索小尺度土地资源优化路径、促进区域生态健康发展提供有利的科学依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2022-01-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 湿地景观格局能够反映湿地类型的面积变化和空间分布特征，其时空演变有助于理解干扰因子与湿地生态过程之间的作用关系。选择疏勒河中游的库塘湿地、永久性河流湿地和内陆盐沼等5种湿地类型，采用景观格局分析法和主成分分析方法，研究了湿地类型面积、景观指数时空演变及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）19872017年疏勒河中游湿地总面积减少了477.24 km2，其中库塘湿地、永久性河流湿地和内陆盐沼面积分别减少了50.99%、53.28%和35.78%，草本沼泽和沼泽化草甸面积增加了175.26%和21.89%。（2）各湿地在景观水平和类型水平上，斑块密度和景观形状指数呈现波动增大趋势，湿地景观斑块趋向破碎化和零散分布。（3）2017年人口、耕地较1987年分别增加了1.2倍和1.5倍，社会经济发展主要指标对湿地面积变化的解释度为68.89%，气候因子对其的解释度为22.09%。过去30 a人口增长、耕地扩张和水利工程建设导致了疏勒河中游湿地面积减少和景观破碎化。
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2022-01-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 草地是重要的陆地生态系统类型，草地生态系统健康评价是干旱区草地健康研究的重要组成部分。新疆位于中亚干旱区，典型的山盆地形结构孕育的天然草地具有鲜明的垂直地带性，又因水热组合差异形成了丰富多样的草地类型，这使得新疆草地生态系统健康评价成为一项系统的复杂工作，急需构建适用于新疆的草地生态系统健康评价体系。本研究以新疆草地生态系统为研究对象，构建新疆草地生态系统健康评价总体框架，从数据来源与评价方法阐述了新疆草地生态系统健康评价体系。基于草地样方、生物气象与多源遥感数据建立草地生态系统基础数据库，针对草地健康评价方法，明确评价目标，确定评价区域与参照系统，进而筛选评价指标，最后通过选择评价方法开展草地健康评价，采用四分法将评价结果划分为健康、亚健康、警戒与崩溃。采用该体系在新疆和田地区民丰县开展草地生态系统健康评价，结果显示围栏内的温性荒漠类草地处于健康状态，围栏外的温性荒漠类草地为亚健康状态。通过构建新疆草地生态系统健康评价体系，能够为基层草原部门开展草地生态健康评价提供参考，促进草地可持续发展。
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