分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-04-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Quantitative assessment of the impact of climate variability and human activities on runoff plays a pivotal role in water resource management and maintaining ecosystem integrity. This study considered six sub-basins in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin, China, to reveal the trend of the runoff evolution and clarify the driving factors of the changes during 1956–2020. Linear regression, Mann-Kendall test, and sliding t-test were used to study the trend of the hydrometeorological elements, while cumulative distance level and ordered clustering methods were applied to identify mutation points. The contributions of climate change and human disturbance to runoff changes were quantitatively assessed using three methods, i.e., the rainfall-runoff relationship method, slope variation method, and variable infiltration capacity (Budyko) hypothesis method. Then, the availability and stability of the three methods were compared. The results showed that the runoff in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin exhibited a decreasing trend from 1956 to 2020, with an abrupt change in 1985. For attribution analysis, the runoff series could be divided into two phases, i.e., 1961–1985 (baseline period) and 1986–2020 (changing period); and it was found that the rainfall-runoff relationship method with precipitation as the representative of climate factors had limited usability compared with the other two methods, while the slope variation and Budyko hypothesis methods had highly consistent results. Different factors showed different effects in the sub-basins of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, human disturbance was the main factor that contributed to the runoff changes, accounting for 53.0%–82.0%; and the contribution of climate factors to the runoff change was 17.0%–47.0%, making it the secondary factor, in which precipitation was the most representative climate factor. These results provide insights into how climate and anthropogenic changes synergistically influence the runoff of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-02-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Analysing runoff changes and how these are affected by climate change and human activities is deemed crucial to elucidate the ecological and hydrological response mechanisms of rivers. The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and the Range of Variability Approach (IHA-RVA) method, as well as the ecological indicator method, were employed to quantitatively assess the degree of hydrologic change and ecological response processes in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020. Using Budyko's water heat coupling balance theory, the relative contributions of various driving factors (such as precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and underlying surface) to runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin were quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the annual average runoff and precipitation in the Yellow River Basin had a downwards trend, whereas the potential evapotranspiration exhibited an upwards trend from 1960 to 2020. In approximately 1985, it was reported that the hydrological regime of the main stream underwent an abrupt change. The degree of hydrological change was observed to gradually increase from upstream to downstream, with a range of 34.00%–54.00%, all of which are moderate changes. However, significant differences have been noted among different ecological indicators, with a fluctuation index of 90.00% at the outlet of downstream hydrological stations, reaching a high level of change. After the mutation, the biodiversity index of flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was generally lower than that in the base period. The research results also indicate that the driving factor for runoff changes in the upper reach of the Yellow River Basin is mainly precipitation, with a contribution rate of 39.31%–54.70%. Moreover, the driving factor for runoff changes in the middle and lower reaches is mainly human activities, having a contribution rate of 63.70%–84.37%. These results can serve as a basis to strengthen the protection and restoration efforts in the Yellow River Basin and further promote the rational development and use of water resources in the Yellow River.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-02-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Groundwater quality assessment is important to assure safe and durable water use. In semi-arid areas of Algeria, groundwater represents the main water resource for drinking water supply of the rural population as well as for irrigation of agricultural lands. Groundwater samples from wells and springs were collected from the Gargaat Tarf and Annk Djemel sub-watersheds of the Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria, and were analyzed and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Results showed that most of the measured physical and chemical parameters exceeded the quality limits according to the WHO standards. Groundwater had a slightly alkaline water pH (7.00–7.79), electrical conductivity>1500 µS/cm, chloride>500 mg/L, calcium>250 mg/L, and magnesium>155 mg/L. Water quality index (WQI) results showed that 68% of the area had excellent water quality, 24% of the samples fell into good category, and only 8% were of poor quality and unsuitable for human consumption. Six wells in the area showed bacterial contamination. Total coliforms (453.9 (±180.3) CFU (colony-forming units)/100 mL), fecal coliforms (243.2 (±99.2) CFU/100 mL), and fecal streptococci (77.9 (±32.0) CFU/100 mL) loads were above the standard limits set by the WHO. These results confirmed that water resources in the study area were strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities and were not recommended for consumption as drinking water.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-02-07 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Groundwater quality assessment is important to assure safe and durable water use. In semi-arid areas of Algeria, groundwater represents the main water resource for drinking water supply of the rural population as well as for irrigation of agricultural lands. Groundwater samples from wells and springs were collected from the Gargaat Tarf and Annk Djemel sub-watersheds of the Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria, and were analyzed and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Results showed that most of the measured physical and chemical parameters exceeded the quality limits according to the WHO standards. Groundwater had a slightly alkaline water pH (7.007.79), electrical conductivity>1500 S/cm, chloride>500 mg/L, calcium>250 mg/L, and magnesium>155 mg/L. Water quality index (WQI) results showed that 68% of the area had excellent water quality, 24% of the samples fell into good category, and only 8% were of poor quality and unsuitable for human consumption. Six wells in the area showed bacterial contamination. Total coliforms (453.9 (180.3) CFU (colony-forming units)/100 mL), fecal coliforms (243.2 (99.2) CFU/100 mL), and fecal streptococci (77.9 (32.0) CFU/100 mL) loads were above the standard limits set by the WHO. These results confirmed that water resources in the study area were strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities and were not recommended for consumption as drinking water.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-02-07 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Analysing runoff changes and how these are affected by climate change and human activities is deemed crucial to elucidate the ecological and hydrological response mechanisms of rivers. The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and the Range of Variability Approach (IHA-RVA) method, as well as the ecological indicator method, were employed to quantitatively assess the degree of hydrologic change and ecological response processes in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020. Using Budyko's water heat coupling balance theory, the relative contributions of various driving factors (such as precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and underlying surface) to runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin were quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the annual average runoff and precipitation in the Yellow River Basin had a downwards trend, whereas the potential evapotranspiration exhibited an upwards trend from 1960 to 2020. In approximately 1985, it was reported that the hydrological regime of the main stream underwent an abrupt change. The degree of hydrological change was observed to gradually increase from upstream to downstream, with a range of 34.00%54.00%, all of which are moderate changes. However, significant differences have been noted among different ecological indicators, with a fluctuation index of 90.00% at the outlet of downstream hydrological stations, reaching a high level of change. After the mutation, the biodiversity index of flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was generally lower than that in the base period. The research results also indicate that the driving factor for runoff changes in the upper reach of the Yellow River Basin is mainly precipitation, with a contribution rate of 39.31%54.70%. Moreover, the driving factor for runoff changes in the middle and lower reaches is mainly human activities, having a contribution rate of 63.70%84.37%. These results can serve as a basis to strengthen the protection and restoration efforts in the Yellow River Basin and further promote the rational development and use of water resources in the Yellow River.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-02-07 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Groundwater quality assessment is important to assure safe and durable water use. In semi-arid areas of Algeria, groundwater represents the main water resource for drinking water supply of the rural population as well as for irrigation of agricultural lands. Groundwater samples from wells and springs were collected from the Gargaat Tarf and Annk Djemel sub-watersheds of the Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria, and were analyzed and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Results showed that most of the measured physical and chemical parameters exceeded the quality limits according to the WHO standards. Groundwater had a slightly alkaline water pH (7.007.79), electrical conductivity>1500 S/cm, chloride>500 mg/L, calcium>250 mg/L, and magnesium>155 mg/L. Water quality index (WQI) results showed that 68% of the area had excellent water quality, 24% of the samples fell into good category, and only 8% were of poor quality and unsuitable for human consumption. Six wells in the area showed bacterial contamination. Total coliforms (453.9 (180.3) CFU (colony-forming units)/100 mL), fecal coliforms (243.2 (99.2) CFU/100 mL), and fecal streptococci (77.9 (32.0) CFU/100 mL) loads were above the standard limits set by the WHO. These results confirmed that water resources in the study area were strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities and were not recommended for consumption as drinking water.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-10-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The wide valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River is one of the most intense areas in terms of aeolian activity on the Tibetan Plateau, China. In the past, the evaluation of the intensity of aeolian activity in the QuxuSangri section of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley was mainly based on data from the old meteorological stations, especially in non-sandy areas. In 2020, six new meteorological stations, which are closest to the new meteorological stations, were built in the wind erosion source regions (i.e., sandy areas) in the QuxuSangri section. In this study, based on mathematical statistics and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition analysis, we compared the difference of the wind regime between new meteorological stations and old meteorological stations from December 2020 to November 2021, and discussed the reasons for the discrepancy. The results showed that sandy and non-sandy areas differed significantly regarding the mean velocity (8.3 (0.3) versus 7.7 (0.3) m/s, respectively), frequency (12.9% (6.2%) versus 2.9% (1.9%), respectively), and dominant direction (nearly east or west versus nearly north or south, respectively) of sand-driving winds, drift potential (168.1 (77.3) versus 24.0 (17.9) VU (where VU is the vector unit), respectively), resultant drift potential (92.3 (78.5) versus 8.7 (9.2) VU, respectively), and resultant drift direction (nearly westward or eastward versus nearly southward or northward, respectively). This indicated an obvious spatial variation in the wind regime between sandy and non-sandy areas and suggested that there exist problems when using wind velocity data from non-sandy areas to evaluate the wind regime in sandy areas. The wind regime between sandy and non-sandy areas differed due to the differences in topography, heat flows, and their coupling with underlying surface, thereby affecting the local atmospheric circulation. Affected by large-scale circulations (westerly jet and Indian monsoon systems), both sandy and non-sandy areas showed similar seasonal variations in their respective wind regime. These findings provide a credible reference for re-understanding the wind regime and scientific wind-sand control in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-08-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 以首都水源涵养功能区内的官厅水库和密云水库为研究对象，评估了两个水库1980年以来的水域面积变化，分析了降水量、植被覆盖度和人为用水量三项因素的影响。利用19802022年长时序遥感影像提取了水库水域面积，计算了植被覆盖度，使用Pearson相关分析探讨了影响因素相关关系。研究表明：（1）自2013年以来，两个水库水域面积均持续增加至历史高位，表明水源涵养成效显著。（2）近40 a来，两个水库的水域面积变化过程同步性明显，均表现为上升期-高位保持期-下降期-地物维持期-恢复期5个阶段。（3）水库上游张家口段流域年降水量与水库面积之间没有表现出相关性；与解译影像同期的67月降水量与水库面积之间也没有表现出相关性。（4）官厅水库上游张家口段的植被覆盖度整体呈现上升态势，2000年是一个变异点。密云水库上游张家口段的植被覆盖度持续稳定在0.7水平上。相关分析表明，植被覆盖度与水库水域面积之间没有相关性。（5）永定河流域张家口段人为用水量从2000年来整体上逐年减少0.2108 m3，与官厅水库水域面积呈显著负相关，有效增加了水库入库水量。（6）2019年以来流域水库集中输水和引黄补水，对官厅水库水域面积和沿河地区生态补水影响较大，建议对张家口水源涵养成效从地表径流入库量、地下水回升量、生态补水量等方面进行综合评估。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 探究昆仑山冰湖变化特征对区域生态环境和发展至关重要。基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）遥感云平台进行监督分类，研究昆仑山近20 a的冰湖分布面积和数量变化情况，并结合气温、降水和冰川面积进行驱动力分析。结果表明：（1）20002020年昆仑山地区冰湖数量增加39.25%，面积增加81.35%，呈西多东少的分布特征。（2）昆仑山地区面积小于0.1 km2的冰湖对气候变化更敏感，增长速度最快；昆仑山冰湖主要集中在海拔4600~5600m，冰湖数量和面积分别占总量的71.58%和70.51%。（3）20002020 年昆仑山地区气温降低3.45%，降水减少6.27%，冰川面积减少了21.15%，冰川融化产生的冰川融水是冰湖增长的主要原因。研究结果可为干旱区水资源的保护和利用、灾害预警等方面提供科学支撑。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 蒸散是水能碳循环之间的纽带，了解蒸散的动态过程及其驱动因素对中亚干旱区水资源稳定、生态环境安全及农业水资源管理等方面具有重要意义。本研究基于Priestley-Taylor方法，估算并分析了20002019年中亚干旱区蒸散的时空变化，采用Lindeman-Merenda-Gold方法定量评估了不同驱动因素对蒸散各组分的绝对贡献，并以各组分对蒸散变化的贡献加权，评估了各驱动因素对蒸散的贡献。结果表明：中亚干旱区蒸散整体以1.45mma-1的速度波动上升，其变化趋势呈东升西降的空间分布；植被蒸腾、蒸发、冠层截留蒸发的变化趋势分别是2.46 mma-1、-1.03 mma-1、0.02 mma-1，三者对蒸散变化的贡献分别是70.09%、29.34%、0.57%；植被蒸腾和冠层截留蒸发的主导因素是NDVI，蒸发的主导因素是气温；总体上，NDVI是中亚干旱区蒸散变化的主导因素，其绝对贡献为28.16%。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 非降雨水对干旱和半干旱区的水平衡和生态非常重要。本文归纳总结了非降雨水的测量和模拟方法，分析并综述了研究现状。非降雨水是陆气间较小的通量，时空变异强，直接测定存在困难。利用专门的冷凝器可获得可观的结露量。露水研究集中于干旱与半干旱区的站点尺度，雾水研究集中在沿海和山区，水汽吸附研究主要在旱地。非降雨水的收集利用及其对生态环境的影响是研究热点。然而，露水研究较多，雾水和水汽吸附研究明显偏少。同时，自然表面结露、大空间尺度和长期的研究较少。在非降雨水的时空变化规律认识方面存在明显的知识缺口。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-05-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 气候变化和人类活动是河川径流变化的主要驱动力。在相似气候的前提下，人类活动是流域径流变化的主导因素，定量识别人类活动对径流变化的作用机制对深入探究径流的变化特征具有重要意义。本研究以秦岭月河流域为研究对象，基于流域内水量平衡的基本原理，在相似气候的前提下，结合土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）和归一化植被指数（NDVI）的变化，分析月河流域的径流变化来量化人类活动对径流的影响程度。结果表明：（1）19602018年流域内径流量的平均值为8.3108 m3,径流整体呈现出减少的趋势，变化趋势不显著。（2）在相似气候的前提下，本研究共得出6组气候相似年组，其中有3组年径流量增加，2组年径流量减少。（3）以第3组相似年组（2000年和2016年）为例来定量区分气候变化和人类活动对流域径流的影响，2016年与2000年相比，径流减少了4.7108 m3。（4）在第3组相似年组的时段内有25751.4 hm2的耕地转化为林地，林地面积增加了24998.9 hm2。（5）ND⁃VI的变化主要是由于人类活动所致，同一时段内NDVI增加的面积为242652.0 hm2，NDVI的变化趋势与径流量变化趋势相反。本研究可为分析人类活动对秦岭河川径流变化的影响提供理论依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-05-30 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 针对中亚复杂的跨界水问题，从地区和国家层面基于系统耦合视角开展水-能源-粮食-生态（WEFE）系统协调性研究。首先构建了WEFE耦合协调评价指标体系，然后运用耦合协调度模型对中亚地区WEFE协调发展水平及其时空演变特征进行定量评价。结果表明：（1）近20 a中亚地区WEFE系统耦合度保持较高水平，耦合协调度呈现缓慢增长趋势但处于勉强协调；（2）各国耦合协调发展水平差异较大，哈萨克斯坦耦合协调水平最优但处于初级协调，塔吉克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦为勉强协调，土库曼斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦为濒临失调；（3）对比多系统的发展水平发现，塔吉克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦粮食存在明显滞后，土库曼斯坦属于水资源滞后型，哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦属于能源滞后型，子系统间未能达到良好匹配，一定程度上影响地区协调发展。研究成果可为中亚地区的WEFE协同发展及国家间跨界河流开发合作提供决策依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-05-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要： 喀什河是伊犁河的三大支流之一，了解流域水质状况对于伊犁地区生态保护具有重要意义。通过分析喀什河流域水化学组成及其成因，并以此为基础对河流进行灌溉适宜性评价。通过2018年7月2021年7月期间采集喀什河河水水样289组、泉水水样5组、井水水样30组，应用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比例关系等方法，探讨了喀什河流域水化学的时空变化特征和控制因素，并采用USSL图、Wilcox图对河水进行灌溉适宜性评价。结果表明：（1）喀什河流域各水体均呈现弱碱性，井水和泉水的溶解性总固体及电导率（EC）略大于河水，各水体水化学类型均为Ca2+-HCO3-型。（2）岩石风化是流域内各水体离子来源的主要控制因素，且各水体离子来源主要受碳酸盐岩风化作用的影响。（3）河水离子质量浓度短时间序列平缓变化表明，20182021年干流离子浓度因冰雪融水和降水的稀释作用强弱而变化，47月较低，8月次年3月较高；空间变化上离子质量浓度随海拔的增加而降低。（4）河水的水质为优秀，可直接用作灌溉用水，但2021年的EC略有上升的趋势。研究结果可为喀什河谷水资源可持续利用、科学开发治理提供依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-04-07 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要： 摘要：为研究新疆水资源状况与农业种植发展的耦合协调性及时空差异性，以新疆粮食和棉花种植系统为例并基于20052019年14个地州的水资源、农业种植相关数据，运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和探索性空间数据分析对水资源系统、农业种植系统的综合发展指数及水资源-农业种植复合系统（简称复合系统）的耦合协调度与时空演化规律进行测算研究。结果表明：（1）新疆复合系统综合发展指数在空间上表现出中轴高，两翼低的特征，其中水资源系统整体水平较高，农业种植系统增长趋势更快。（2）新疆复合系统耦合协调水平总体呈现出北高南低，但差距逐渐缩小的发展趋势，并且因区域差异致使农业种植系统逐渐成为阻碍复合系统耦合协调发展的短板。（3）新疆复合系统的耦合协调度存在显著的空间集聚特征，但其正相关性则表现出由强减弱的变化态势。研究结果对新疆水资源可持续利用与农业种植系统产业的良性协调发展具有理论实践意义。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-03-28 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 以叶尔羌河灌区为研究区域，采用垂直土柱试验模拟的方法，研究不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土上升毛管 水的运动特性。结果表明：毛管水补给速率随时间推移呈降低趋势，明显分为快速下降、线性递减和稳定补给3个 阶段；毛管水上升高度及上升速率均与时间之间呈幂函数关系；不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土毛管水补给量与毛管 水上升高度呈正比关系，其斜率在数值上等于湿润区土壤平均含水率与初始含水率之差，改进Green Ampt模型可 描述毛管水补给量与毛管水上升高度之间的线性关系；毛管水补给速率与毛管水上升高度的倒数呈线性关系。研 究成果可为干旱区河渠两岸生态保护植物的恢复和重建及土壤盐渍化的防治提供理论依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-03-28 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 水资源短缺已成为人类社会主要的资源环境问题，气候和土地利用变化使得水文要素的演变呈现出复杂 性与不确定性，探讨变化情景下水文要素空间分布特征对区域经济社会可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。 基于19602019年大通河源区气象水文数据，通过模型模拟及情景分割方法定量分析了气候和土地利用变化情景 下水文要素空间分布特征。结果表明：（1）SWAT模型经过校准与验证后，模型决定系数、纳什系数和百分比偏差 （PBIAS）均达到模型要求，其在率定期内分别为0.81%、0.79%和-0.8%，在验证期内分别为0.81%、0.75%和15.8%， 表明模型在大通河源区具有较好的适用性。（2）大通河源区各水文要素空间异质性明显，不能用单一的水文要素代 表整体的空间分布情况；降水、潜在蒸散发与土壤含水量随海拔的升高而降低，地表径流与产水量随海拔的升高而 增加。（3）3种情景下各水文要素的空间分布大体一致，产水量的空间分布受土地利用变化情景的影响比较大。气 候变化情景使得实际蒸散发和土壤含水量呈现下降趋势，地表径流和产水量呈现增加趋势，土地利用变化情景下 各水文要素的变化与之相反。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-03-14 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要： 地下水对于调节干旱区水循环和生态系统具有重要意义，认识和管理地下水资源是防止河流基流减少，地面沉降和水质退化的关键。通过分析艾比湖流域地下水水化学参数和氢氧稳定同位素特征，结合线性回归、双端元混合模型和GIS空间分析等方法，探讨不同区域地下水补给来源和水化学组分动态变化。结果表明：（1）博尔塔拉河（简称博河）和精河中下游区域氢氧同位素（2H与18O）值最大，艾比湖周边区域次之，博河上游区域最小，流域地下水存在不同的循环过程。（2）地下水氘盈余（d-excess）和水化学特征反映了地下水不同的补给机制和影响因素，博河上游区域地下水主要受冰川积雪融水补给；博河和精河中下游地下水主要来源为地表水和降水，同时受岩层性质、农田开发和灌溉措施影响较大；艾比湖周边地下水主要来源于冰雪融水和降水。中下游区域和河湖交汇区地下水是防控和治理的重点区域。（3）地下水流动系统Ⅰ的电导率（Electrical con⁃ductance，EC）在210.00~2500.00 Scm-1 之间，d-excess 在6.47~9.70之间；流动系统ⅡEC 在141.60~5260.00 Scm-1之间，d-excess在9.61~17.45之间，地下含水层存在不同的水力联系。研究结果对艾比湖流域地下水氢氧同位素和水化学驱动机制的探讨，可以为流域地下水资源的合理利用及科学开发提供一定的理论参考依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-03-14 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要： 基于Landsat遥感影像，提取蒙古高原20002020年每年1 km2以上湖泊面积信息，分析其时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）2009年之前湖泊面积和数量呈减少趋势，2009年之后呈增加趋势，整体上20002020年湖泊面积和数量呈减少趋势。（2）不同等级湖泊变化差异较大，特大型和中型湖泊变化相对稳定，大型湖泊减少幅度最大。（3）不同区域湖泊变化也不同，西北部湖泊变化较稳定，中东部湖泊变化较剧烈。（4）研究区湖泊空间分布集聚性呈异因同向的减弱趋势。（5）湖泊面积与年均气温、年降水量、年蒸发量、植被指数和4层土壤水分的相关关系较为显著，且2个时间段内表现的影响程度有明显差异。掌握蒙古高原湖泊时空变化情况及其原因，对蒙古高原乃至全球的气候调节和生物多样性保护研究提供可参考依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2023-03-14 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要： 基于祁连山西段老虎沟流域断面的径流数据与大本营气象站的气象资料，对冰川区径流与气象要素之间的相关性进行了分析，并建立了多元指数非线性回归方程对径流进行重建以弥补缺失径流，此外，对冰川区径流的年际、季节、日尺度的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）冰川区径流量与气温的相关性最高0.86，其次是水汽压（0.81）、相对湿度（0.46）、降水量（0.27），径流受气温影响最大。（2）21世纪观测资料显示日平均径流量为2.10 m3s-1，较20世纪50年代末的1.65 m3s-1有所增加，主要因消融季气温上升0.75 ℃所致，强消融期（7、8月）径流量的年际变化较大，消融期初（5、6月）和末（9月）年际变化较小。消融季59月产流占比分别为5.3%、16.1%、37.3%、35.1%、6.2%。（3）多元指数非线性回归方程可以较好地模拟日径流量（纳什效率系数平均为0.70），补充缺失径流后，对于径流的日变化，消融期初和末日变化较小，而强消融期径流的日变化较大。对于径流的时滞效应，老虎沟流域消融季各月径流呈现谷-峰的日变化特征，消融期初和末气温达到最大值与径流达到最大值的时间间距较大，而强消融期较小，在消融期初的6月两者相差最大为3 h。明晰冰川融水变化特征对干旱区水资源管理，生态保护及社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。
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