分类: 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间: 2023-06-08 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:背景 慢性心力衰竭(CHF)是各种心血管疾病的严重表现或末期阶段,肠道菌群及其代谢产物在心力衰竭的病理过程中起重要作用。越来越多证据表明,肠道菌群失调及其代谢产物紊乱可导致细菌移位、释放介质、炎性反应等,进而加重CHF病情。目的 分析肠道菌群及其代谢产物苯乙酰谷氨酰胺(PAGln)在CHF患者中的变化,探讨肠道微生物在心力衰竭中所发挥的作用。方法 选取上海交通大学附属第六人民医院南院心内科收治的心力衰竭患者58例为CHF组,另选取具有相同CHF危险因素但没有CHF临床症状表现及既往病史的患者46例为Control组,利用16SrRNA测序技术对两组患者的肠道菌群多样性和丰度进行分析。采用液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测两组标本血浆中的PAGln水平。结果 CHF组左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、脑钠肽(BNP)、PAGln均高于Control组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)低于Control组(P<0.05)。BNP和PAGln水平诊断CHF患者的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.995、0.913。Venn图表明,CHF组特有OTUs数目少于Control组。α多样性分析表明,CHF组Chao1指数低于Control组(P<0.05);β多样性分析表明,两组的肠道菌群总体结构存在差异。属水平上,CHF组埃希氏-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、副拟杆菌(Parabacteroides)、罗姆布茨菌(Romboutsia)相对丰度高于Control组(P<0.05),Solimonas和多尔氏菌属(Dorea)相对丰度低于Control组(P<0.05)。LEfSe分析结果显示毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、Solimonadaceae、Solimonas、Dorea、伯克氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae)在Control组中升高(P<0.05),肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、Bifidobacterium、双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)、Klebsiella、乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)、理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)、另枝菌属(Alistipes)、Parabacteroides、盲肠坦纳菌科(Tannerellaceae)在CHF组升高(P<0.05)。典型相关分析(CCA)表明,BNP、PAGln、LVEDD、LVESD与CHF组菌群显著相关,其中BNP对群落变化影响最大。相关性分析表明,Escherichia-Shigella与BNP和PAGln呈正相关(P<0.05);拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)与BNP呈负相关(P<0.05);Romboutsia、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、内考拉杆菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)与BNP和PAGln呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 CHF患者肠道菌群结构组成与具有相同合并疾病但没有CHF临床症状表现及既往病史的患者明显不同,多样性下降,肠道致病菌丰度明显升高,可能导致CHF患者体内PAGln水平上升,参与CHF的发生发展。
分类: 医学、药学 >> 基础医学 提交时间: 2023-06-08 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:背景 食管癌(EC)是具有侵袭性的胃肠道癌症之一。晚期食管癌主要与吞咽困难有关。对于重度梗阻的老年食管癌患者,因其多合并基础性疾病,不能耐受麻醉及有创治疗,而短期内吞咽困难无法改善会严重影响患者的营养状况、生活质量及预后。目的 探索局部麻醉下图像引导的光动力治疗(IGPDT)短期改善老年重度梗阻食管癌患者梗阻及营养状况的安全性及有效性。方法 本研究为前瞻性、单臂、自身对照研究,选取 2020 年 3 月—2021 年 12 月在河北省人民医院治疗的 24 例重度梗阻老年食管癌患者进行 IGPDT。治疗前通过内镜确定病变上界并用金属组织夹标记,通过 CT 三维重建及造影确定病变下界,激光治疗光纤在 X 线透视引导下送达病变部位进行治疗。术前、术后 1 周和 1 个月评估患者 Stooler 吞咽困难评分。术前及术后 2 个月通过营养风险筛查评分 2002(NRS 2002)、血红蛋白、BMI、白蛋白、前白蛋白变化评估患者营养状态,吞咽生活质量量表(SWAL-QOL)评价患者生存质量。结果 患者术后 1 个月疗效评价均达部分缓解(PR)。患者术后 1 周、1 个月 Stooler 评分均较术前降低(P<0.001)。患者术后 2 个月 BMI、白蛋白、前白蛋白水平较术前升高(P<0.05)。患者术后 2 个月 SWAL-QOL 维度心理负担、食欲、进食时间、进食恐惧、吞咽障碍的评分及总分均较术前升高(P<0.05)。92%(22/24)的患者出现 1~2 级的轻度发热,多数患者可自行缓解;83%(20/24)的患者食管治疗部位会在术后 1~2 d 出现 1~2 级疼痛但可自行缓解。治疗过程中所有患者未发生食管瘘,也未发生 3 级及以上的严重不良反应。结论 IGPDT 操作简便,安全性好,短期内改善患者的营养状况,可作为内镜无法通过的重度梗阻性老年食管癌患者光动力治疗的新方法。
分类: 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间: 2023-06-08 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:背景 肾细胞癌因起病隐匿,缺乏早期典型的临床表现,多数患者确诊已经发生转移或晚期,根治性肾细胞癌切除术疗效较差。近年来,随着靶向治疗在肿瘤中广泛应用,很大程度上降低了术后复发率和死亡率,但由于存在一定的不良反应及并发症,因而临床治疗的有效性及安全性缺乏循证依据。目的 系统评价程序性死亡因子1(PD-1)/程序性死亡因子1配体(PD-L1)抑制剂治疗肾细胞癌的有效性及安全性。方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网及PubMed、WebofScience、Embase、CochraneLibrary、ClinicalTrials英文数据库和手动检索以收集PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗肾细胞癌的随机对照试验,试验组为接受PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗,对照组为接受常规治疗或安慰剂。检索时间为建库至2022-09-30。由2位研究员独立提取和整理资料,依据Cochrane5.3手册标准对纳入文献的质量进行评价,应用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入11篇文献,研究对象7895例,试验组3936例,对照组3959例。Meta分析结果显示,试验组总生存期(OS)、无进展生存期(PFS)优于对照组〔HR=0.87,95%CI(0.84,0.90),P<0.00001;HR=0.85,95%CI(0.78,0.92),P<0.00001〕;试验组客观缓解率(ORR)、部分缓解率(PR)、完全缓解率(CR)、基本控制率(DCR)高于对照组〔RR=1.72,95%CI(1.39,2.12),P<0.00001;RR=1.56,95%CI(1.20,2.01),P=0.0007;RR=3.05,95%CI(2.39,3.09),P<0.00001;RR=1.12,95%CI(1.05,1.20),P=0.0005〕;试验组疾病稳定率(SD)低于对照组〔RR=0.66,95%CI(0.62,0.72),P<0.00001〕。试验组和对照组疾病进展率(PD)、总不良反应发生率(AEs)、Ⅰ~Ⅱ级不良反应发生率、Ⅲ~Ⅴ级不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义〔RR=0.73,95%CI(0.53,0.99),P=0.05;RR=1.01,95%CI(0.89,1.04),P=0.60;RR=1.02,95%CI(0.88,1.17),P=0.82;RR=1.02,95%CI(0.88,1.19),P=0.80〕。Egger's检验结果均为P>0.05,表明各研究间发表偏倚不显著。结论 PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗肾细胞癌可显著改善和提高患者的OS、PFS、ORR、PR、CR和DCR,而在安全性方面未增加患者的不良反应发生率,从而证实PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗肾细胞癌在临床有效性及安全性方面有一定的优越性。
分类: 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间: 2023-06-08 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:背景 随着人口老龄化及寿命延长,慢性病的多病共存日益普遍。疾病种类多且病情复杂,为老年人健康管理提出挑战。共病模式作为研究的必要问题,国内研究相对缺乏。目的 研究中国老年人常见慢性病的多病共存模式,帮助政策制定者、研究人员和临床医生更好地了解多病共存现状。方法 选取中国健康养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据中60岁及以上被访者,选择人口特征学部分数据及健康状况的14种慢病数据。采用关联规则、聚类分析、主成分分析、潜在类别分析4种方法对中国老年人的共病模式进行探索,并对比不同方法所得结果。结果 最终共纳入10800例被访者数据。4种方法所得模式有所差异,但存在一致性的共病模式:(1)高血压、糖尿病或血糖升高、血脂异常;(2)慢性肺部疾患和哮喘;(3)关节炎或风湿病、胃部疾病或消化系统疾病;(4)中风、与记忆相关的疾病。结论 不同方法得到的一致模式,所包含慢病病因关系关联明显;共病模式存在差异的原因是包含的病因关系复杂,且方法的原理不同。
分类: 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间: 2023-06-08 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:背景 淋巴结转移是影响肝内胆管细胞癌患者预后的重要因素,对于术中淋巴结清扫的范围目前国内外仍存在争议。目的 探索临床肝内胆管细胞癌根治术中淋巴结清扫现状。方法 本文通过回顾性分析2017—2022年在浙江省肿瘤医院接受根治性切除手术的152例肝内胆管细胞癌患者的临床资料,对目前临床进行肝内胆管细胞癌根治术时淋巴结清扫情况,包括是否行淋巴结清扫、淋巴结清扫范围及主要阳性淋巴结分布情况进行分析。根据肿瘤在肝脏的位置将患者分为左肝组和右肝组。结果 152例患者中,83例患者肿瘤位于左肝(左肝组),69例位于右肝(右肝组)。其中共86例患者接受淋巴结清扫术,左肝组接受淋巴结清扫比例〔61例(73.5%)〕高于右肝组〔25例(36.2%)〕(P<0.05);平均清扫淋巴结数目为(7.6±6.1)枚,左肝组〔7.0(4.0,10.5)枚〕和右肝组〔5.0(1.5,9.5)枚〕清扫淋巴结数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);86例接受淋巴结清扫的患者中,有39例(45.3%)病理学结果显示淋巴结转移(阳性淋巴结),左肝组淋巴结阳性率〔34例(55.7%)〕高于右肝组〔5例(20.0%)〕(P<0.05);不论肿瘤位于左肝还是右肝,常规区域内清扫的阳性淋巴结中占比较高的均为第8、12、13组,其中排名第1位的为第12组,左肝组和右肝组分别为79.4%(27/34)和80.0%(4/5)。结论 不论肿瘤位于左肝还是右肝,第8、12、13组淋巴结是阳性率较高的淋巴结,手术中可能需要常规进行清扫。
分类: 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间: 2023-06-08 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:背景 面向农村和城市社区推广卫生适宜技术,是提高基层医疗卫生机构技术水平和服务能力的重要措施,新疆医科大学第一附属医院在新疆维吾尔自治区南疆地区开展了卫生适宜技术推广工作。目的 评价在新疆维吾尔自治区南疆地区推广脑卒中康复适宜技术的效果,了解新疆维吾尔自治区南疆地区康复工作人员对脑卒中康复适宜技术推广方式的需求情况及希望通过参加脑卒中康复适宜技术推广项目达成的目标,为卫生健康行政部门深入推进康复适宜技术推广工作提供依据。方法 于2018年7月,采用多阶段抽样法,以新疆维吾尔自治区南疆地区8个深度贫困县为样本来源地,选取来自样本来源地8家人民医院康复医学科、各人民医院所辖乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务中心的康复工作人员,以及残联、民政系统和其他康复机构的康复工作人员为研究对象,向其推广脑卒中康复适宜技术后,采用自设问卷对其进行调查。比较参加脑卒中康复适宜技术推广项目前(2018-01-01至2018-06-30)和参与后(2020-07-01至2020-12-31)人民医院康复医学科月均门诊量、住院量及治疗收入。结果 于2018-07-15至2020-06-30开展脑卒中急性期、亚急性期、恢复期康复适宜技术,以及脑卒中社区和家庭康复适宜技术推广工作,推广的适宜技术涉及的内容包括运动功能康复训练、功能性电刺激、强制性运动疗法(CIMT)、镜像疗法、脑卒中患者吞咽障碍管理及康复训练、脑卒中患者日常生活活动能力训练及康复护理等。共回收有效问卷384份。384名康复工作人员中,63.3%(243/384)认为适宜技术在区(县)内推广、应用很有意义;46.1%(177/384)认为项目在当地非常适用;37.5%(144/384)认为所在医疗机构稍加完善相关条件即可开展此项技术;46.9%(180/384)认为此适宜技术推广项目在技能操作上的难易程度为容易;通过培训,42.2%(162/384)表示对此项技术有所了解,还需再学习和接受培训。参加脑卒中康复适宜技术推广项目后与参与前相比,人民医院康复医学科月均门诊量、月均治疗收入明显增高(P<0.05)。在脑卒中康复适宜技术推广方式方面,康复工作人员对实操培训的需求最高〔63.0%(242/384)〕,对教学查房的需求最低〔19.8%(76/384)〕。期望通过参加脑卒中康复适宜技术推广项目提高操作能力〔77.1%(296/384)〕、理论水平〔65.6%(252/384)〕者占比分别位居第1、2位。结论 脑卒中康复适宜技术推广工作取得明显成效。南疆地区脑卒中患者康复需求巨大,而南疆地区整体的康复医疗服务能力远不能满足社会需求。可通过加强卫生适宜技术推广,鼓励康复工作人员参加进修、培训,积极开展远程医疗服务,加快推进医联体建设等一系列举措,切实提高南疆地区康复医疗水平。
分类: 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间: 2023-06-07 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:国内外评估失智症患者的工具种类繁多,但采用单个维度量表的评估往往具有局限性,且目前仍缺乏专门针对失智症患者综合评估工具的相关报道。基于此,本文对国内外失智症老年人综合评估工具进行综述,归纳了从需求和功能两个角度对失智症老年人进行评估的8个评估工具,并对各工具的内容、信效度、应用情况等方面进行了讨论,以期为我国失智症老年人评估工具的使用与开发提供借鉴。
分类: 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间: 2023-06-07 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要:乌司他丁具有抑制蛋白水解酶、调控炎症反应等作用,目前主要应用于急性胰腺炎,但也被应用于休克、脓毒症、重症肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、多种急性中毒、重症中暑、重度烧伤、严重创伤等其他临床常见急危重症及心搏骤停患者,而且已被临床常见急危重症诊治相关的多个指南/专家共识推荐。然而,目前关于乌司他丁的适应证及其用法、用量等尚缺乏统一意见。因此,为推动乌司他丁的规范化应用,《乌司他丁用于临床常见急危重症的专家共识》专家组针对乌司他丁的作用机制、药代动力学、适应证及在常见急危重症中的应用方法等进行了归纳、总结,以期为乌司他丁在临床工作中的合理应用提供参考。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-06-07
摘要:An ZrV2 alloy is typically susceptible to poisoning by impurity gases, which causes a considerable reduction in the hydrogen-storage properties of the alloy. In this study, the adsorption characteristics of oxygen on ZrV2 surfaces doped with Hf, Ti, and Pd are investigated, and the influence of oxygen on the hydrogen storage performance of the alloy was discussed. Subsequently, the adsorption energy, bond-length change, density of states, and differential charge density of the alloy before and after doping are analyzed using the first-principles method. The theoretical results show that Ti doping has a limited effect on the adsorption of oxygen atoms on the ZrV2 surface, whereas Hf doping decreases the adsorption energy of oxygen on the ZrV2 surface. Oxygen atoms are more difficult to adsorb at most adsorption sites on Pd-containing surfaces, which indicates that Pd has the best anti-poisoning properties, followed by Hf. The analysis of the differential charge density and partial density of states shows that the electron interaction between the oxygen atom and surface atom of the alloys is weakened, and the total energy is reduced after Hf and Pd doping. Based on theoretical calculations, the hydrogen-absorption kinetics of ZrV2, Zr0.9Hf0.1V2, and Zr(V0.9Pd0.1)2 alloys are studied in a hydrogen–oxygen mixture of 0.5 vol% O2 at 25℃. The experimental results show that the hydrogen-storage capacities of ZrV2, Zr0.9Hf0.1V2, and Zr(V0.9Pd0.1)2 decrease to 19%, 69%, and 80% of their original values, respectively. The order of alloy resistance to 0.5 vol% O2 poisoning is Zr(V0.9Pd0.1)2>Zr0.9Hf0.1V2>ZrV2. Pd retains its original hydrogen absorption performance to a greater extent than undoped surfaces, and it has the strongest resistance to poisoning, which is consistent with previous theoretical calculations.
分类: 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间: 2023-06-07
摘要:治疗性评估是一种评估和干预的半结构化模型,强调当事人和评估者的协作,在实现评估目标的同时,能够促进当事人的改变。其主要效果体现为减轻症状,增加自尊和希望感以及促进参与治疗的动机等。和传统咨询技术相比,它还具有时间短、效率高以及能与其他治疗技术联合使用等优势。其主要局限为缺乏足够多的大样本研究,在跨国别、跨文化情境中的适用性及其作用机制还需进一步探讨。治疗性评估在中国的应用,则受到测验工具的汉化修订、专业人员心理评估胜任力不足等挑战。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-06-07
摘要:Owing to the immobility of traditional reactors and spallation neutron sources, the demand for compact thermal neutron radiography (CTNR) based on accelerator neutron sources has rapidly increased in industrial applications. Recently, thermal neutron radiography experiments based on a D-T neutron generator performed by Hefei Institutes of Physical Science indicated a significant resolution deviation between the experimental results and the values calculated using the traditional resolution model. The experimental result was up to 23% lower than the calculated result, which hinders the achievement of the design goal of a compact neutron radiography system. A GEANT4 Monte Carlo code was developed to simulate the CTNR process, aiming to identify the key factors leading to resolution deviation. The effects of a low collimation ratio and high-energy neutrons were analyzed based on the neutron beam environment of the CTNR system. The results showed that the deviation was primarily caused by geometric distortion at low collimation ratios and radiation noise induced by high 1 energy neutrons. Additionally, the theoretical model was modified by considering the imaging position and radiation noise factors. The modified theoretical model was in good agreement with the experimental results, and the maximum deviation was reduced to 4.22%. This can be useful for the high-precision design of CTNR systems.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 粒子加速器 提交时间: 2023-06-07
摘要:Abstract
High-brightness electron beams are required to drive LINAC-based free-electron lasers (FELs) and storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation light sources. The bunch charge and RMS bunch length at the exit of the LINAC play a crucial role in the peak current; the minimum transverse emittance is mainly determined by the injector of the LINAC. Thus, a photoinjector with a high bunch charge and low emittance that can simultaneously provide high-quality beams for 4th generation synchrotron radiation sources and FELs is desirable. The design of a 1.6-cell S-band 2998-MHz RF gun and beam dynamics optimization of a relevant beamline are presented in this paper. Beam dynamics simulations were performed by combining ASTRA and the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA II. The effects of the laser pulse shape, half-cell length of the RF gun, and RF parameters on the output beam quality were analyzed and compared. The normalized transverse emittance was optimized to be as low as 0.65 and 0.92 mm·mrad when the bunch charge was as high as 1 and 2 nC, respectively. Finally, the beam stability properties of the photoinjector, considering misalignment and RF jitter, were simulated and analyzed.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-06-07
摘要:To provide a reliable and comprehensive data reference for core geometry design of graphite-moderated and low-enriched uranium fueled molten salt reactor, the influences of geometric parameters on temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR) at an assembly level are characterized. The four-factor formula is introduced to explain how different reactivity coefficients behave in terms of fuel salt volume fraction and assembly size. The results show that fuel salt temperature coefficient (FSTC) is always negative due to a more negative fuel salt density coefficient in the over-moderated region or a more negative Doppler coefficient in the under-moderated region. Depending on the fuel salt channel spacing, the graphite moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) can be negative or positive. Further, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing are more likely to exhibit a negative MTC. As fuel salt volume fraction increases, the negative FSTC weakens first and then increases, owing to the fuel salt density effect gradually weakening from negative feedback to positive feedback and then decreasing. Meanwhile, MTC weakens as the thermal utilization coefficient caused by the graphite temperature effect deteriorates. Thus, the negative TCR weakens first and then strengthens mainly because of the change in fuel salt density coefficient. As assembly size increases, the magnitude of FSTC decreases monotonously due to a monotonously weakened fuel salt Doppler coefficient, whereas MTC changes from gradual weakened negative feedback to gradual enhanced positive feedback. And then, the negative TCR weakens. Therefore, to achieve a proper negative TCR, particularly a negative MTC, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing in the under-moderated region is strongly recommended.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 粒子加速器 提交时间: 2023-06-06
摘要:In this study, a phenomenological model of the radio frequency (RF) behavior of a superconducting cavity fundamental power coupler is proposed by analyzing the simulation results of a transient beam loading process in an extremely over-coupled superconducting cavity. Using this phenomenological model, the calculation of the transient reflected power from a superconducting cavity under beam loading can be mathematically simplified to algebraic operations without solving the differential equation governing the transient beam loading process, while maintaining the calculation accuracy. Moreover, this phenomenological model can facilitate an intuitive understanding of the significant surge in the time evolution of reflected power from a superconducting cavity in certain beam-loading processes. The validity of this phenomenological model was carefully examined in various beam loading processes and cavity conditions, and the method based on this phenomenological model was utilized in the transient RF analysis of the superconducting cavity system of the CAFe Linac, achieving satisfactory results.
分类: 动力与电气工程 >> 电气工程 提交时间: 2023-06-06
摘要:系统强度概念常用于描述系统电压响应性能和量化安全稳定水平,其中基于短路比的强度量化指标在描述新能源送出极限时具有简单直观的特点。然而,现有基于短路比的分析基础是以同步机提供短路容量或电压支撑为前提,难以适用于无同步机支撑的新能源基地柔性直流送出系统。为此,本文从小扰动角度探讨新能源基地柔性直流送出系统的强度评估和分析问题,首先推导了该系统中多端口电流对母线电压的灵敏度传递函数矩阵,阐述了受扰后母线电压响应与系统静态电压稳定/小扰动同步稳定的定性关系。其次,基于送端柔直电压源等值思路,并结合新能源设备临界短路比提出了系统强度源-网分离的评估方法,将广义短路比推广应用到全电力电子系统。所提出的方法能快速分析在系统运行点处的静态电压稳定/小扰动同步稳定裕度,确定系统强度的薄弱环节以及系统强度提升的优化路径。最后,多风电场经柔性直流送出系统算例验证了评估方法的有效性。
分类: 核科学技术 >> 裂变堆工程技术 提交时间: 2023-06-06
摘要:The lightweight shielding design of small reactors is a research hotspot. Based on a small helium-xenon-cooled solid reactor, the effects of thickness and number of shielding layers on the radiation dose are first studied. It is found that when photons are shielded first and the number of shielding layers is odd, the radiation dose can be significantly reduced. To reduce the weight of the shielding body, the relative thickness of the shielding layers is optimized by the genetic algorithm. The optimized scheme can reduce the radiation dose by up to 57% and helps reduce the weight by 11.84%. To determine the total thickness of shielding layers and avoid the local optimal solution, a formula that gives the relationship between the total thickness and the radiation dose is established through large-scale calculations, which has an error of 0.8%~7.45% compared with the Monte Carlo method. A semi-empirical and semi-quantitative lightweight shielding design algorithm is proposed to integrate the above works, and a code SDIC1.0 is developed to achieve the optimized lightweight shielding design for small reactors. It has been verified that the error between SDIC1.0 and Monte Carlo code RMC is about 10%, and the time has increased by 6.3 times.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-06-06
摘要: β衰变半衰期和β延迟中子发射(βn)在核物理和核能等基础科学和工业应用的发展中具有重要意义,其中β−衰变起着重要作用。许多理论模型已经被提出来描述β-衰变的半衰期,而对βn的系统研究仍然很少。本文旨在通过解析公式研究了β−-衰减半衰期和βn概率,并与实验数据进行了比较。通过考虑衰减能量、凹凸度和壳效应等主要因素,提出了β−-衰减性质的解析公式。采用自助法同时评价计算的总不确定性,由统计量和系统不确定性组成。评估了中子富区的β−-衰变半衰期、βn概率和相应的不确定性。实验中的半衰期被很好地再现了。更多的预测也提出了理论的不确定性,这有助于更好地理解实验结果和理论结果之间的差异
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-06-06
摘要:Accurate 3-Dimensional (3-D) reconstruction technology for non-destructive testing based on digital radiography (DR) is of great importance for alleviating the drawbacks of the existing computed tomography (CT)-based method. The commonly used Monte Carlo simulation method ensures well-performing imaging results for DR. However, for 3-D reconstruction, it is limited by its high time consumption. To solve this problem, this study proposes a parallel computing method to accelerate Monte Carlo simulation for projection images with a parallel interface and a specific DR application. The images are utilized for 3-D reconstruction of the test model. We verify the accuracy of parallel computing for DR and evaluate the performance of two parallel computing modes—multithreaded applications (G4-MT) and message-passing interfaces (G4-MPI)—by assessing parallel speedup and efficiency. This study explores the scalability of the hybrid G4-MPI and G4-MT modes. The results show that the two parallel computing modes can significantly reduce the Monte Carlo simulation time because the parallel speedup increment of Monte Carlo simulations can be considered linear growth, and the parallel efficiency is maintained at a high level. The hybrid mode has strong scalability, as the overall run time of the 180 simulations using 320 threads is 15.35 h with 10 billion particles emitted, and the parallel speedup can be up to 151.36. The 3-D reconstruction of the model is achieved based on the filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm using 180 projection images obtained with the hybrid G4-MPI and G4-MT. The quality of the reconstructed sliced images is satisfactory because the images can reflect the internal structure of the test model. This method is applied to a complex model, and the quality of the reconstructed images is evaluated.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 辐射防护技术 提交时间: 2023-06-06
摘要:The uncertainty of nuclide libraries in the analysis of the gamma spectra of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) using existing methods produces unstable results. To address this problem, a novel spectral analysis method is proposed in this study. In this method, overlapping peaks are located using a continuous wavelet transform. An improved quadratic convolution method is proposed to calculate the widths of the peaks and establish a fourth-order filter model to estimate the Compton edge baseline with the overlapping peaks. Combined with the adaptive sensitive nonlinear iterative peak, this method can effectively subtracts the background. Finally, a function describing the peak shape as a filter is used to deconvolve the energy spectrum to achieve accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses of the nuclide without the aid of a nuclide library. Gamma spectrum acquisition experiments for standard point sources of Cs-137 and Eu-152, a segmented gamma scanning experiment for a 200 L standard drum, and a Monte Carlo simulation experiment for triple overlapping peaks using the closest energy of three typical LILW nuclides (Sb-125, Sb-124, and Cs-134) are conducted. The results of the experiments indicate that (1) the novel method and gamma vision (GV) with an accurate nuclide library have the same spectral analysis capability, and the peak area calculation error is less than 4%; (2) compared with the GV, the analysis results of the novel method are more stable; (3) the novel method can be applied to the activity measurement of LILW, and the error of the activity reconstruction at the equivalent radius is 2.4%; and (4) The proposed novel method can quantitatively analyze all nuclides in LILW without a nuclide library. This novel method can improve the accuracy and precision of LILW measurements, provide key technical support for the reasonable disposal of LILW, and ensure the safety of humans and the environment.
分类: 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间: 2023-06-05
摘要:前瞻记忆后效(aftereffects of prospective memory)是指个体错误地重复执行已完成的前瞻记忆意向或已完成的意向对进行中任务产生干扰的现象。基于前瞻记忆多重加工理论,通过对文献梳理发现,任务特征(前瞻记忆任务特征、进行中任务特征、任务情境)和个体特征会调节事件性前瞻记忆后效。目前,关于事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制的理论解释主要包括自动化加工、控制加工、提取—抑制加工、停止标记加工、双加工和动态多重加工等。其中,自动化加工可分为反射—联结加工和差异—搜索加工,而控制加工又可分为监控加工和抑制加工。事件性前瞻记忆后效的形成与自动化加工和监控加工关系更密切,而后效的消退更依赖抑制加工。未来研究需深入考察事件性前瞻记忆后效的加工机制,增加对不同类型以及自然情境中前瞻记忆后效的考察,注重探究降低前瞻记忆后效的策略。