分类： 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-15
摘要： 天环一号（CAT-1: China Astro-Torus 1）是一个悬浮偶极场磁约束装置，主要用于偶极场等离子体物理实验研究，要求中心悬浮超导磁体在无冷却和无电源条件下稳定悬浮至少5h。本文设计了超导托举磁体与中心悬浮磁体环耦合的悬浮控制系统，为确保1200 kg、5 MA中心悬浮磁体环稳定悬浮，完成了控制系统的Simulink模型建立和仿真，基于 Routh-Hurwitz稳定判据，研究了PID（Proportion-Integral-Derivative）控制策略对稳定控制影响，确定了稳定控制参数选取的范围：理想条件下PD（Proportion-Derivative）控制系统上升时间为0.1545 s、峰值时间为0.6283 s、调节时间0.0848 s。结果表明：基于PID能够在较短的时间内将悬浮超导环恢复在预设平衡位置，采用合适的启动方式可极大的降低电路的负载。本结果为悬浮超导悬浮偶极场装置设计研发提供关键技术支撑。
分类： 力学 >> 力学其他学科 提交时间： 2024-04-19 合作期刊: 《应用力学学报》
摘要： 以二维二轴编织的SiC/SiC复合编织管为研究对象,研究其抗热冲击性能及失效机理。自主搭建了基于石英灯辐照加热的循环热冲击试验平台,基于该平台开展了SiC/SiC复合编织管的循环热冲击试验考核,并对循环热冲击后的复合编织管进行了径向压缩测试,探究了复合编织管力学性能与破坏机理,拟合得到了热冲击强度退化经验公式。研究结果表明,搭建的循环热冲击试验平台能够模拟快速升降温的实际服役环境,最高升温、降温速率在试验过程中分别可达约40、60 ℃/s。随着热冲击循环次数的增加,SiC/SiC复合编织管环向拉伸强度下降,且降幅随之增大。热冲击产生的热应力导致纤维周围的基体产生微裂纹,弱化了纤维束与基体之间的连接,这是复合编织管强度降低的原因之一。拟合的强度退化经验公式能够准确描述强度退化规律,可以满足工程应用需求。
提交时间： 2024-04-18
摘要： 喷淋雾化被广泛应用于核动力设备中，以保证其安全稳定运行。喷淋时，部分液滴会撞击设备壁面，以液膜的形式进行扩展和演变。基于 Fluent DPM-to-VOF 进行了液滴射流撞壁研究，使用两液滴滴落过程实验图像验证了模拟方法的准确性，研究了液滴射流注入速度、入射角度对壁面液膜形态的影响规律，得到了液滴溅射率随入射条件的变化情况，并分析了液滴撞击壁面时重力、表面张力、速度分量等对液膜形态扩展过程、液滴溅射率的影响。研究发现，增大注入速度能加大对液膜的扰动，液膜与壁面的接触面积显著增大，液膜区宽度和高度增加；增大入射角度对液膜形态的改变影响较大，体现在液膜区宽度增加和液膜区高度减小，液膜表面稳定性减低。溅射率随着注入速度和入射角度的增大而增大，其中，入射角度对溅射率的影响更大。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 分类： 心理学 >> 教育心理学 提交时间： 2024-04-04
摘要： 特殊教育教师在执行课堂教学任务时很容易忽视学生的离座行为，这会带来很多不可预见的安全隐患。座位安排是教师管理离座行为的常见手段，那么从座位安排的角度，教师对离座行为的觉察是否存在注意优势区?本研究结合无意视盲研究范式与课堂管理任务，通过2个实验探究真实课堂场景下，学生的空间位置序列对教师觉察离座行为的影响。结果发现，教师对学生离座行为确实存在一定的优势注意区：在静态课堂情境和动态课堂情境中，前排学生的离座行为都更容易被觉察；静态情境中，处于中心位置学生的离座更不容易被觉察，但动态情境中无此中心抑制效应。该结果为教师合理安排特殊学生座位提供了科学依据。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2024-04-02
摘要： 对何为公正的判断决定着道德判断的合理性。公正的判断需要有清晰的逻辑结构，包括对证据的辨析，也包括对判断准则合理性的辨析。在社会事务的公正性评价中，原则性的评价应优先，功利主义式的社会效用评价应居其次。尽可能地查清事件的相关信息，是进行公正的道德判断的数据基础；全面充分的换位思考是进行公正的道德判断的方法基础；以理性、公正、平等、博爱、宽容等为特征的普适性的价值观是进行公正的道德判断的准则基础。
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： we investigate the transmission of probe laser beam in a coupled-cavity system with polaritons by using standard input-output relation of optical fields, and proposed a theoretical schema for realizing a polariton-based photonic transistor. On account of effects of exciton-photon coupling and single-photon optomechanical coupling, a probe laser field can be either amplified or attenuated by another pump laser field when it passes through a coupled-cavity system with polaritons. The Stokes and anti-Stokes scattered effect of output prober laser can also be modulated. Our results open up exciting possibilities for designing photonic transistors.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The miniaturization and mobility of computer vision systems are limited by the heavy computational burden and the size of optical lenses. Here, we propose to use a ultra-thin diffractive optical element to implement passive optical convolution. A division adjoint opto-electronic co-design method is also proposed. In our simulation experiments, the first few convolutional layers of the neural network can be replaced by optical convolution in a classification task on the CIFAR-10 dataset with no power consumption, while similar performance can be obtained.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Diffraction gratings with high upward diffraction efficiency and large effective length are required for chip-scale light detection and ranging. In this paper, we propose a diffraction grating based on a multilayer silicon nitride waveguide, which theoretically achieves an upward diffraction efficiency of 92$\%$, a near-field effective length of 376 $\mu m$ and a far-field divergence angle of 0.105$^{\circ}$ at a wavelength of 850 nm. The diffraction grating has a high tolerance to process variations based on Monte Carlo Analysis. When the conditions are $\pm$5$\%$ layer thickness variation, $\pm$50 nm lithographic variation and $\pm$20 nm wavelength drift, more than 71$\%$ of the grating samples have a diffraction efficiency higher than 80$\%$, and 100$\%$ of the samples have an effective length larger than 200 $\mu m$ (corresponding to a far-field divergence <0.2$ ^{\circ}$). Furthermore, the near-field effective length of the grating with an upward diffraction efficiency above 90$\%$ can be adjusted from hundreds of microns to centimeters by changing the etching layer thickness and the grating duty cycle. This diffraction grating has potential application in optical sensing and imaging from visible to near-infrared wavelengths.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Electromagnetic spins, including longitudinal and transverse ones, have been playing important roles in light-matter interactions. Here, we formulate a unified equation to uncover the physical origins and topological properties of longitudinal and transverse spins in a generic electromagnetic field. The equation reveals universally that the transverse spin is locked with the kinetic momentum and originated from the transverse inhomogeneities of field, whereas the helix-dependent longitudinal spin orients parallel to the local wavevector. Remarkably, a hidden extraordinary helix-dependent transverse spin possessing helix-dependent spin-momentum locking is discovered and the number of locking states consistent with the nontrivial topological spin Chern number. Furthermore, this spin which determines the inverted helical components is related to the Berry curvature closely. The findings, which are demonstrated experimentally by measuring the three-dimensional spin components in the focusing configuration, will deepen the understanding the underlying physics of spins and open an avenue for chiral quantum optical applications.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Polarization vectors of light traveling in a coiled optical fiber rotate around its propagating axis even in the absence of birefringence. This rotation was usually explained due to the Pancharatnam-Berry phase of spin-1 photons. Here, we use a purely geometric method to understand this rotation. We show that similar geometric rotations also exist for twisted light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). The corresponding geometric phase can be applied in photonic OAM-state-based quantum computation and quantum sensing.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Optical forces in the near fields have important applications in on-chip optical manipulations of small particles and molecules. Here, we report a study of optical force and torque on small particles induced by the optical polarization singularities of a gold cylinder. We show that the scattering of the cylinder generates both electric and magnetic C lines (i.e., lines of polarization singularities) in the near fields, and the C lines can induce complex force and torque on a dielectric/magnetic particle. The force and torque manifest dramatic spatial variations with interesting symmetry properties, providing rich degrees of freedom for near-field optical manipulations. The study, for the first time to our knowledge, uncovers the effect of optical polarization singularities on light-induced force and torque on small particles. The results contribute to the understanding of chiral light-matter interactions and can find applications in on-chip optical manipulations and optical sensing.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： How migratory birds can find the right way in navigating over thousand miles is an intriguing question, which much interested researchers in both fields of biology and physics for centuries. There several putative proposals that sound intuitively plausible all remain contested so far because those hypothesis-models of magnetoreceptor to sense geomagnetic field need either extremely high sensitivity or humankind-like intelligence to guide. Here we explore theoretically that the birds can navigate to their destination through an entirely new scenario to sense the geomagnetic field. Our proposal is based on separate peaks of the resonance-fluorescence spectrum of a four-level system derived from the ferric sulfide cluster which exists in a protein complex (Drosophila CG8198) of migratory birds. As the separation of spectral peaks contains information about geomagnetic field at both current location and birthland, the change of such separation cues the bird to choose a right direction to move and double-resonance emerges once arrived the destination. Our theoretical mechanism can explain previous experiments on the disorientation of migratory birds caused by oscillating magnetic field naturally and more precisely. This work provides insight to explain migratory navigation and motivates possible manmade practical devices.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Narrow linewidth laser(NLL) of high frequency stability and small form factor is essential to enable applications in long range sensing, quantum information and atomic clocks. Various high performance NLL have been demonstrated by Pound-Drever Hall(PDH) lock or self injection lock(SIL) of a seed laser to a vaccum-stabilized FP cavity of ultrahigh quality factor(Q). However they are often complicated lab setups due to the sophisticated stabilizing system and locking electronics. Here we report a compact NLL of 68mL volume, realized by SIL of a diode laser to a miniature FP cavity of 7.7x108 Q and 0.5mL volume, bypassing table-size vaccum, thermal and vibration isolation. We characterized the NLL with a self-delayed heterodyne system, the Lorentzian linewidth reaches 60mHz, and the integrated linewidth is ~80Hz. The frequency noise performance exceeds that of commercial NLLs and the best reported hybrid-integrated NLL realized by SIL to high Q on-chip ring resonators. Our work marks a major step toward a field-deployable NLL of superior performance utilizing ultra-high Q FP cavity.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Conventional coherent absorption occurs only when two incident beams exhibit mirror symmetry with respect to the absorbing surface, i.e., the two beams have the same incident angles, phases, and amplitudes. In this work, we propose a more general metasurface paradigm for coherent perfect absorption, with impinging waves from arbitrary asymmetric directions. By exploiting excitation of unidirectional evanescent waves, the output can be fixed at one reflection direction for any amplitude and phase of the control wave. We show theoretically and confirm experimentally that the relative amplitude of the reflected wave can be tuned continuously from zero to unity by changing the phase difference between the two beams, i.e. switching from coherent perfect absorption to full reflection. We hope that this work will open up promising possibilities for wave manipulation via evanescent waves engineering with applications in optical switches, one-side sensing, and radar cross section control.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Lingya Yu
Zengbo Wang
Lizhou Xu
Liyang Yue
Bing Yan
Igor V. Minin
Oleg V. Minin
Baidong Wu
Yiduo Chen
摘要： Photonic hook (PH) is a new type of artificial self-bending beam focused by a dielectric particle-lens with a curved waist smaller than the wavelength, which has the potential to revolutionize mesoscale photonics in many applications, e.g., optical trapping, signal switching, imaging, etc. In this paper, we discover a new mechanism that the highly curved PHs can be realised by the light interaction with the fully or partially metal-coated microchannels. The generated W-shaped and J-shaped PHs have bending angles exceeding 80-degree. Compared to other PH setups, the proposed design has a larger range to flexibly control the bending angle through the coating process and can be easily integrated with the established microfluidic systems.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We show that the time-averaged Poynting vector in parity-time (PT ) symmetric coupled waveguides is always positive and cannot explain the stopped light at exceptional points (EPs). In order to solve this paradox, we must accept the fact that the fields E and H and the Poynting vector in non-Hermitian systems are in general complex. Based on the original definition of the instantaneous Poynting vector, a formula on the group velocity is proposed, which agrees perfectly well with that calculated directly from the dispersion curves. It explains not only the stopped light at EPs, but also the fast-light effect near it. This investigation bridges a gap between the classic electrodynamics and the non-Hermitian physics, and highlights the novelty of non-Hermitian optics.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： During the last few decades, solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been extensively explored to generate broadband, high-coherence supercontinua (SC). Limited by the material absorption and relatively low nonlinearity of fused silica, spectral broadening in silica PCF-based SCs is usually restricted to the blue to near-infrared spectral regions, even in developed commercial sources. The output spectra of these sources are missing short wavelengths of the full range. Many efforts have been spent to break the limitation. Among them, dispersive-wave (DW) generation has been investigated for triggering new frequencies in short wavelengths. With satisfied phase-matching conditions, excessive energy can be directly transferred from solitons of the anomalous dispersion region to DWs of the short wavelengths. However, a systematical study of factors, including phase-matched DWs, strongly related to the dispersion tailoring of higher-order modes (HOMs), has rarely been shown. This study reports the experimental observations of HOM-enhanced phase-matchings for the DW generation in the deep-blue and ultraviolet regions. A solid-core PCF-based, UV-extended SC source spanning a 2.8-octave-wide (350 nm to 2500 nm) is demonstrated. Meanwhile, we carefully verify our findings via numerical calculations.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Mode-locked lasers, which produce ultrashort pulses in the picosecond and femtosecond range, have enabled some of the most precise measurements. However, despite significant recent progress, resolving the temporal behavior of their short pulses is still a challenge. State-of-the-art oscilloscopes with tens of picosecond resolution prevent time-resolved observations in mode-locked lasers and limit the real-time pulse evolution tracking of ultrafast lasers. Here, using the time-lens technique with a Raman amplifier, we implement an ultrafast single-shot time-microscope (TM) with a high temporal magnification factor of 355 and a time measurement window of 1 millisecond that contains ~1.8*10^4 consecutive pulses. We use this TM to characterize the temporal evolution of mode-locked lasers and reveal a temporal sideway oscillation (winding) behavior, a previously unobserved feature of lasers in both theory and experiment. Our experimental observations confirm that the winding behavior is an essential feature in the operation of mode-locked lasers. We theoretically and experimentally found that the winding characteristic evolution originates from gain-induced fluctuations for relatively high gain energies, while Q-switched modulations being the main cause for lower energies. Our findings based on advanced real-time measurements open up new insights into ultrafast and transient optics and may impact future laser designs, modern ultrafast diagnostics, and influence progress in nonlinear optics in general.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Halide perovskite materials raised tremendous interest in recent years since their cheap fabrication, superior performance in both solar cell and light emitting diode (LED). Due to the existence of layered quantum well structure, quasi two-dimensional(2D) halide perovskite has more intriguing spin related physics than its 3D counterpart. For instance, the detection and brightening of dark exciton (DX) in 2D halide perovskite attracts much attention since these species can be used in opto-spintronic and quantum computing devices. Here, we report the gradually brightened emission of the DX at 2.33 eV with the thickness decreases in (PEA)2PbI4 single crystalline nanoflake, which hitherto has not been reported. By coupling with in-plane (IP) magnetic field in Voigt configuration, the DX emission can be sharply enhanced, while for the out-of-plane (OP) magnetic field in Faraday configuration, the DX emission has no noticeable change, which can be reconciled with the theory interpretation of magnetic field dependent wave function mixing between the four exciton states fi1, fi2, fi3- , fi3+. The emission of DX fi2 at 2.335 eV and the fine splitting of all the four states are observed in static PL spectroscopy for the first time. Our work thus clarifies the debating questions regarding to previous research on DX behavior in 2D halide perovskite material and sheds light on the road of realizing opto-spintronic or quantum computing devices with these materials.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Traditional lasers function using resonant cavities, in which the round-trip optical path is exactly equal to an integer multiple of the intracavity wavelengths to constructively enhance the spontaneous emission rate. By taking advantage of the enhancement from the resonant cavity, the narrowest sub-10-mHz-linewidth laser and a $10^{-16}$-fractional-frequency-stability superradiant active optical clock (AOC) have been achieved. However, a laser with atomic spontaneous radiation being destructively inhibited in an anti-resonant cavity, where the atomic resonance is exactly between two adjacent cavity resonances, has not been reported. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate inhibited stimulated emission and termed it an inhibited laser. Compared with traditional superradiant AOCs, which exhibit superiority in terms of the high suppression of cavity noise, the suppression of the cavity-pulling effect of an inhibited laser can be further improved by a factor of $(2F/pi)^2$, i.e., 2.07 in this work, which was improved from 26 to 53 times. This study will guide further development of AOCs with better stability, and thus, it is significant for quantum metrology and may lead to new research in the laser physics and cavity quantum electrodynamics fields.
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