分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-29
摘要： The layout and characteristics of the hard X-ray spectroscopy beamline (BL11B) at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility are described herein. BL11B is a bending-magnet beamline dedicated to conventional millisecond-scale quick-scanning X-ray absorption fine structures. It is equipped with a cylindrical collimating mirror, a double-crystal monochromator comprising Si(111) and Si(311), a channel-cut quick-scanning Si(111) monochromator, a toroidal focusing mirror, and a high harmonics rejection mirror. It can provide 5–30 keV of X-rays with a photon flux of ~5 × 1011 photons/s and an energy resolution of ~ 1.31 × 10-4 at 10 keV. The performance of the beamline can satisfy the demands of users in the fields of catalysis, materials, and environmental science. This paper presents an overview of the beamline design and a detailed description of its performance and capabilities.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-29
Gao-Long Zhang
Zhen-Wei Jiao
Guang-Xin Zhang
E. N. Cardozo
D. Bazzacco
D. R. Napoli
F. Galtarossa
F. Recchia
A. Illana
S. Bakes
I. Zanon
S. Aydin
G. de Angelis
M. Siciliano
H. Q. Zhang
B. Paes
S. P. Hu
J. Q. Qian
Daniele Mengoni
W. W. Qu
摘要： One-neutron stripping process between 6Li and 209Bi was studied at 28, 30, and 34 MeV using the in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy method. The γ-γ coincident analysis clearly identified two γ-rays feeding the ground and long-lived isomeric states, which were employed to determine the cross section. The one-neutron stripping cross sections were similar to the cross sections of complete fusion in the 6Li+209Bi system, but the one-neutron stripping cross sections decreased more gradually at the sub-barrier region. A coupled-reaction-channel calculation was performed to study the detailed reaction mechanism of the one-neutron stripping process in 6Li. The calculations indicated that the first excited state of 5Li is critical in the actual one-neutron transfer mechanism, and the valence proton of 209Bi can be excited to the low-lying excited state in (6Li, 5Li) reaction, unlike in the (d,p) reaction.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-29
摘要： The Ultrahard X-ray Multifunctional Application Beamline (BL12SW) is one of the Phase-II Beamline Projects at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The primary X-ray techniques used at the beamline are high-energy X-ray diffraction and imaging using white and monochromatic light. The main scientific objectives of ultrahard X-ray beamline are focused on two research areas. One is the study of the structural properties of Earth’s interior and new materials under extreme high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and the other is the characterization of materials and processes in near-real service environments. The beamline utilizes a superconducting wiggler as the light source, with two diamond windows and SiC discs to filter out low-energy light (primarily below 30 keV) and a Cu filter assembly to control the thermal load entering the subsequent optical components. The beamline is equipped with dual monochromators. The first was a meridional bending Laue monochromator cooled by liquid nitrogen, achieving a full-energy coverage of 30–162 keV. The second was a sagittal bending Laue monochromator installed in an external building, providing a focused beam in the horizontal direction with an energy range of 60–120 keV. There were four experimental hutches: two large volume press (LVP) experimental hutches (LVP1 and LVP2) and two engineering material (ENG) experimental hutches (ENG1 and ENG2). Each hutch was equipped with various near-real service conditions to satisfy different requirements. For example, LVP1 and LVP2 were equipped with a 200-ton DDIA press and a 2000-ton dual-mode (DDIA and Kawai) press, respectively. ENG1 and ENG2 provide in-situ tensile, creep, and fatigue tests as well as high-temperature conditions. Since June 2023, the BL12SW has been in trial operation. It is expected to officially open to users by early 2024.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-26
摘要： Small-scale measurements of the radon exhalation rate using the flow-through and closed-loop methods were conducted on the surface of a uranium tailing pond to better understand the differences between the two methods.An abnormal radon exhalation behavior was observed, leading to computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations in which dynamic radon migration in a porous medium and accumulation chamber was considered.Based on the in-situ experimental and numerical simulation results, variations in the radon exhalation rate subject to permeability, flow rate, and insertion depth were quantified and analyzed. The in-situ radon exhalation rates measured using the flow-through method were higher than those measured using the closed-loop method, which could be explained by the negative pressure difference between the inside and outside of the chamber during the measurements. The consistency of the variations in the radon exhalation rate between the experiments and simulations suggests the reliability of CFD-based techniques in obtaining the dynamic evolution of transient radon exhalation rates for diffusion and convection at the porous medium–air interface. The synergistic effects of the three factors (insertion depth, flow rate, and permeability) on the negative pressure difference and measured exhalation rate were quantified, and multivariate regression models were established, with positive correlations in most cases; the exhalation rate decreased with increasing insertion depth at a permeability of 1×10−11 m2. CFD-based simulations can provide theoretical guidance for improving the flow-through method and thus achieve accurate measurements
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-26
摘要： 本文介绍了一种超疏水性三聚氰胺（ME）海绵（ME-g-PLMA），该海绵通过高能辐射诱导的原位共价接枝长烷基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯（LMA）到ME海绵上，以实现高效的油水分离。所得的ME-g-PLMA海绵具有优良的孔隙结构，具有超疏水性（水接触角为154°）和超亲油性，可吸收高达自身重量66-168倍的各类油脂。所得到的ME-g-PLMA海绵可以通过连接泵连续分离水面上的浮油，或者通过重力驱动装置分离水下的浮油。ME-g-PLMA海绵在长期浸泡在不同的腐蚀性溶液中，多次反复吸油后，也能保持其高疏水性。所得改性ME-g-PLMA海绵具有优异的分离性能，在溢油清理方面具有巨大的潜力。
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-26
摘要： BL02U2 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a surface diffraction beamline with a photon flux of 5.5 × 1012 photons/s at 10 keV and a beam size of 160×80 µm2 at the sample site. It is dedicated to studying surfaces (solid–vacuum, solid–gas) and interfaces (solid–solid, solid–liquid, and liquid–liquid) in nanoscience, condensed matter, and soft matter systems using various surface scattering techniques over an energy range of 4.8–28 keV with transmission and reflection modes. Moreover, BL02U2 has a high energy resolution, high angular resolution, and low beam divergence, which can provide excellent properties for X-ray diffraction experiments, such as grazing incident X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, crystal truncation rods, and liquid X-ray scattering. Diversity of in-situ environments can also be provided for the samples studied. This paper describes the setup of the new beamline and its applications in various fields.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-25
摘要： A Laue microdiffraction beamline (BL03HB) was constructed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). This beamline features two consecutive focusing points in two different sectors within its end station, the first dedicated to protein crystallography and the other tailored to materials science applications. Based on a superbend dipole magnet with a magnetic field of 2.29 T, a two-stage focusing design was implemented with two sets of Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors to achieve a micro white beam as small as 4.2×4.3 µm 2 at the first sector and 0.9×1.3 µm 2 at the second sector in the standard beamline operation mode at SSRF. The X-ray microbeam in the two sectors can be easily switched between monochromatic and white beams by moving a four-bounce monochromator in or out of the light path, respectively. In the protein crystallography sector, white-beam Laue microdiffraction was demonstrated to successfully determine the structure of protein crystals from only a few images of diffraction data collected by a Pilatus 2M area detector. In the materials science sector, the white-beam Laue diffraction was collected in a reflection geometry using another Pilatus 2M area detector, which could map the microstructural distribution on the sample surface by scanning the samples. In general,the BL03HB beamline promotes the application of Laue microdiffraction in both protein crystallography and materials science. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the BL03HB beamline, end station, and the first commission results.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-19
Lu, Yudong
Zheng, Jinxing
Liu, Xufeng
Wu, Huan
Ge, Jian
Xu, Kun
Li, Ming
Liu, Haiyang
Zhu, Lei
Liu, Fei
摘要： The superconducting magnet system of a fusion reactor plays a vital role in plasma confinement, a processthat can be disrupted by various operational factors. A critical parameter for evaluating the temperature marginof superconducting magnets during normal operation is the nuclear heating caused by D-T neutrons. This studyinvestigates the impact of nuclear heating on a superconducting magnet system by employing an improvedanalysis method that combines neutronics and thermal hydraulics.In the magnet system, toroidal field (TF) magnets are positioned closest to the plasma and bear the highestnuclear-heat load, making them prime candidates for evaluating the influence of nuclear heating on stability.To enhance the modeling accuracy and facilitate design modifications, a parametric TF model that incorporatesheterogeneity is established to expedite the optimization design process and enhance the accuracy of the computations. A comparative analysis with a homogeneous TF model reveals that the heterogeneous model improvesaccuracy by over 12%. Considering factors such as heat load, magnetic-field strength, and cooling conditions,the cooling circuit facing the most severe conditions is selected to calculate the temperature of the superconductor. This selection streamlines the workload associated with thermal-hydraulic analysis. This approach enablesa more efficient and precise evaluation of the temperature margin of TF magnets. Moreover, it offers insightsthat can guide the optimization of both the structure and cooling strategy of superconducting magnet systems.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-12
摘要： A microscopic method for calculating nuclear level density (NLD) based on the covariant density functional theory (CDFT) is developed. The particle-hole state density is calculated by combinatorial method using the single-particle levels schemes obtained from the CDFT, and then the level densities are obtained by taking into account collective effects such as vibration and rotation. Our results are compared with those from other NLD models, including phenomenological, microstatistical and non-relativistic HFB combinatorial models. The comparison suggests that the general trends among these models are basically the same, except for some deviations from different NLD models. In addition, the NLDs of the CDFT combinatorial method with normalization are compared with experimental data, including the observed cumulative number of levels at low excitation energy and the measured NLDs. Compared with the existing experimental data, the CDFT combinatorial method can give reasonable results.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-11
Xian-Lin Yang
Chang-Lin Lan
Yu-Ting Wei
Yi Zhang
Gong Jiang
Bo Xie
Yu Liu
Hong-Tao Shen
Xiao-Jun Sun
摘要： Aluminum is the primary structural material in nuclear engineering, and its cross-section induced by 14 MeV neutrons is of great significance. To address the issue of insufficient accuracy for the 27Al(n,2n)26Al reaction cross-section, the activation method and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technique were used to determine the 27Al(n,2n)26Al cross-section, which could be used as a D-T plasma ion temperature monitor in fusion reactors. At the China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), neutron activation was performed using a K-400 neutron generator produced by the T(d,n)4He reaction. The 26Al/27Al isotope ratios were measured using the newly installed GYIG 1 MV AMS at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The neutron flux was monitored by measuring the activity of 92mNb produced by the 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb reaction. The measured results were compared with available data in the experimental nuclear reaction database, and the measured values showed a reasonable degree of consistency with partially available literature data. Thenewly acquired cross-sectional data at 12 neutron energy points through systematic measurements clarified the divergence, which has two different growth trends from the existing experimental values. The obtained results are also compared with the corresponding evaluated database, and the newly calculated excitation functions with TALYS-1.95 and EMPIRE-3.2 codes, the agreement with CENDL-3.2, TENDL-2021 and EMPIRE-3.2 results are generally acceptable. A substantial improvement in the knowledge of the 27Al(n,2n)26Al reaction excitation function was obtained in the present work, which will lay the foundation for the diagnosis of the fusion ion temperature, testing of the nuclear physics model, and evaluation of nuclear data, etc.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-10
摘要： 在核天体物理关心的热核反应中，有一些可以产生短寿命的正电子放射性产物，这些反应产物发射的正电子会在靶中与电子发生湮灭，继而产生一对能量为511 keV的γ射线，可以通过测量这一对γ射线来得到反应产额，从而计算出核反应截面以及天体物理S因子。以往的实验通常将靶辐照后转移到屏蔽体内进行离线活度测量，近期有研究提出了在实验终端上原位测量正电子湮灭的方法，该方法主要是借助511 keV-511 keV γ射线对的方向相反特性，利用探测阵列的对向单元进行空间符合测量，压制本底干扰。本文基于近期自主研发的大型模块化BGO阵列LAMBDA-II，在地面实验室利用强流质子束打靶，对这一方法进行了实验研究和验证，为将来进一步将该方法应用到核天体物理研究中奠定了良好的基础。
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-09
摘要： 元素俘获测井可以获取地层中的岩石元素含量，为了查明页岩气储层发育和展布规律，以中扬子地区保靖区块寒武统牛蹄塘组首口页岩气参数井—BY2井为研究对象，通过对元素俘获测井资料的解释和处理，获取精准的页岩储层元素组成及含量，建立牛蹄塘组地球化学指标剖面，利用元素地球化学指标开展古沉积环境的辨识和反演。研究结果表明：牛蹄塘组页岩中元素以Si、Al、Fe为主，少量的K、Ca、Mg、S等，页岩中Si、Fe、S等元素含量较高，页岩可压性较好；牛蹄塘组页岩属活动大陆边缘沉积，沉积物源岩的原始物质应来自西北端康滇古陆，基本为活动大陆构造带、有热液参与的正常沉积，牛蹄塘组上段沉积期气候干燥，为缺氧的滞留盆地边缘缓坡沉积，水体盐度高，陆源供给充分，古生产力低下；牛蹄塘组下段沉积期气候湿润，为深水滞留型盆地沉积，陆源供给不足，水体盐度较高，具有较高的古生产力，有利于有机质的形成，水体环境以贫氧相为主，有利于有机质保存，为页岩气形成和富集的有利沉积环境。
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-08
摘要： 中国加速器驱动嬗变研究装置(CiADS)的超导直线段运行在连续波模式下，4K液氦压强波动导致超导腔体产生形变而失谐是影响低β腔稳定运行的重要因素。针对半波长超导谐振腔受氦压波动影响而运行不稳定的问题，以CiADS超导直线段β=0.19的半波长超导谐振腔（HWR019）为例，采用数值模拟的方法对液氦压强波动与该腔的频率变化规律进行仿真研究。通过对腔液氦接触区域、腔体的壁厚、液氦冷却流道的形状与腔体氦压敏感系数(KPrees)之间的关系进行计算分析，实现了将HWR019超导腔KPress值降为接近0的目的；同时通过对腔体进行热力学计算，提供了相应的强化传热方案，有效地降低了超导腔在运行过程中的最高温度，保证了CiADS装置对超导腔稳定运行的需求，其分析优化方法对同类型的低β超导腔也具有借鉴意义。
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-08
摘要： 超薄壁钛合金内衬不锈钢真空管道以其结构强度高，横向孔径小，适合于极高真空环境，在快上升磁场中的涡流效应处于可接受范围内，与其他类型的磁场快变化磁铁的真空管道相比成本较低等原因，已经成为HIAF-BRing二极磁铁和四极磁铁真空管道方案的首选。二极铁和四极铁钛合金内衬真空管道是BRing中重要的束流耦合阻抗源。其中，四极铁钛合金内衬的阻抗及其减小措施尚未研究过。在模拟软件CST studio suite中使用传输线法和尾场法分别对各种规格的四极铁钛合金内衬真空管道进行模拟，模拟结果表明1—500 MHz频段内钛合金内衬真空管道主要引入宽带阻抗，且钛合金内衬内表面加薄板的阻抗减小措施同样适用于四极铁真空管道。利用模拟结果计算全环阻抗，发现在106—5x108Hz频段内，钛合金内衬真空管道采取阻抗减小措施能将全环横向宽带阻抗虚部从0.70MΩ/m(水平)和0.82MΩ/m(垂直)减小到0.33MΩ/m(水平)和0.43MΩ/m(垂直)，将此结果代入DELPHI中计算78Kr19+单个束团在不同流强下的模式频率移动，发现BRing中Kr束发生横向模耦合不稳定性的流强阈值从2.7x1011 ppp提升到4.4x1011ppp.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-08
摘要： In the framework of the Lanzhou Quantum Molecular Dynamics (LQMD) model, a possible probe to the neutron-skin thickness (δnp) of neutron-rich 48Ca is studied in 140A MeV 48Ca + 9Be projectile fragmentation reaction based on parallel momentum distribution (p//) of residual fragments.The Fermi-type density distribution is employed to initiate the neutron density distributions in the LQMD simulation. A combined Gaussian function with different width parameters for the left side (ΓL) and the right side (ΓR) in distribution are used to describe the p// of residual fragments. The value of ΓL, taking neutron-rich sulfur isotopes as examples, shows a sensitive correlation to δnp of 48Ca, which is suggested to be a probe to determine the neutron-skin thickness of the projectile nucleus.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-08
摘要： 飞行时间（Time-Of-Flight, TOF）探测器是核与粒子物理实验的重要组成部分，多气隙电阻板室（Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber, MRPC）以其高时间精度的特点在TOF测量系统中被广泛应用，放大甄别结合时间数字变换是MRPC电子学读出的一种主流方案。为了满足MRPC读出电子学高时间精度、低功耗、高集成度的需求，设计了一款高速放大甄别原型芯片，该芯片集成了8个通道，通道内包含前置放大器、甄别器和输出驱动电路。前置放大器采用共栅极结构，这种低输入阻抗的结构有利于进行阻抗匹配设计；甄别器采用多级放大器级联的结构产生足够的增益，通过对信号进行饱和放大实现甄别功能；经过甄别后的脉冲波形信号由LVDS输出驱动器送到片外，其前沿和脉宽分别可以表征MRPC信号的到达时间和电荷量信息。基于180 nm的 CMOS 工艺完成了电路的设计、仿真和流片，并在实验室环境下完成了电子学性能测试。测试结果表明，在100 fC ~ 2 pC电荷量下，该芯片的时间精度好于10 ps (rms)，单通道功耗约为24 mW。
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-07
摘要： Beams usually do not travel through the magnet centers due to errors in storage rings. The beam deviatingfrom the quadrupole centers is affected by additional dipole fields due to magnetic field feed-down. The beambased alignment (BBA) is often performed to find a golden orbit, on which the beam circulates around thequadrupole center axes. For storage rings with a large number of quadrupoles, the conventional BBA procedureis time-consuming, especially in the commissioning phase due to the necessary iterative process. Additionally,the conventional BBA method can be affected by strong coupling and nonlinearity of the storage ring optics.In this work, a novel method based on a neural network is proposed to find the golden orbit in a much shortertime with reasonable accuracy. This golden orbit can be directly used for operation, or can be adopted as thestarting point for the conventional BBA. The method is demonstrated in the HLS-II storage ring for the firsttime, through simulation and online experiments. The results of the experiments show that the golden orbitobtained using this new method is consistent with that from the conventional BBA. The development of thisnew method and corresponding experiments are reported in this paper.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-07
摘要： Room-temperature ferromagnetism is observed in the O+-implanted AlN films with O+ doses of 5 × 1016 cm-2 (AlN:O5×1016) and 2 × 1017 cm-2 (AlN:O2×1017). The observed magnetic anisotropy indicate that the ferromagnetism is attributed to the intrinsic properties of O+-implanted AlN films. The out-of-plane saturation magnetization (𝑀S) of the AlN:O5×1016 is about 0.68 emu/g, much higher than that of AlN:O2×1017, 0.09 emu/g, which is due to the excessively high O+ dose made more O+ ions occupy adjacent Al3+ positions in forms of antiferromagnetic coupling. Doppler broadening of positron annihilation radiation measurements demonstrate the existence of Al vacancies in the O+-implanted AlN films. The first-principles calculations suggest that the ferromagnetism originates mainly from the Al vacancies.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-05
摘要： Space objects, such as spacecraft or missiles, might be exposed to intense X-rays in outer space, leading to severe damage. How to reinforce these objects to reduce damage from X-ray irradiation is a significant concern. Blow-off impulse (BOI) is a crucial physical quantity for investigating the material damage induced by X-ray irradiation. However, the accurate calculation of the BOI is a challenge, particularly for the large deformation of materials with complex configurations. In this paper, we develop a novel two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code, Xablation2D, to calculate the BOIs under far-field X-ray irradiation. This significantly reduces the dependence on grid shape for numerical simulation. The reliability of this code is verified by the simulation results from the open-source codes, and the calculated BOIs are consistent with experimental and analytical results.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-04
摘要： The High Energy Fragment Separator (HFRS), which is currently under construction, is a leading international radioactive beam device. Multiple sets of position-sensitive Twin Time Projection Chamber (TPC)detectors are distributed on HFRS for particle identification and beam monitoring. The twin TPCs’ readoutelectronics system operates in a trigger-less mode due to its high counting rate, leading to a challenge of handling large amounts of data. To address this problem, we introduced an event-building algorithm. This algorithmemploys a hierarchical processing strategy to compress data during transmission and aggregation. In addition,it reconstructs twin TPCs’ events online and stores only the reconstructed particle information, which significantly reduces the burden on data transmission and storage resources. Simulation studies demonstrated that thealgorithm accurately matches twin TPCs’ events and reduces more than 98% of the data volume at a countingrate of 500 kHz/channel.
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