Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2025-07-07 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury refers to the process of restoring cerebral blood flow supply after the interruption of cerebral blood flow in brain tissues due to a variety of biological processes such as energy metabolism disorders，oxidative stress，free radical damage，inflammatory response，blood-brain barrier disruption，apoptosis and necrosis，which leads to ischemic brain tissue re-injury. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury not only aggravates nerve cell damage or even death，impedes the recovery of patients' neurological function，but also seriously affects the quality of patients' survival. Therefore，effective prevention and treatment protocols for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have become the focus of current research in the cerebrovascular field. Baicalin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis，and increasing evidence suggests that baicalin may be effective in preventing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through a variety of pharmacological mechanisms including. This paper summarizes the neuroprotective effects of baicalein in various in vivo and in vitro experimental models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury，and describes the specific neuroprotective mechanisms and pharmacological mechanisms of baicalein in preventing and treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in a multi-targeted，multi-pathway manner，such as attenuating inflammation，anti-oxidative stress，regulating mitochondrial homeostasis，inhibiting apoptosis and pyroptosis，protecting the blood-brain barrier，maintaining the structure and function of astrocytes，and attenuating neurocellular toxicity. It aims to emphasize the potential role of baicalein in the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury，to provide a reference basis for further drug research and development，and to provide an outlook on the future application of baicalein in cerebrovascular diseases.
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-08-29 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Cardiovascular disease is a major chronic disease that seriously endangers human health，and remains a public health problem to be solved in China and even globally. Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics and disease burden of cardiovascular diseases in China from 1990 to 2019，forecast the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China from 2020 to 2050，and provide a reference for the formulation of relevant prevention and treatment strategies of cardiovascular diseases. Methods The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study （GBD 2019） database was searched to extract and analyze relevant data on cardiovascular disease burden and risk factors in China and globally from 1990 to 2019. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was quantified by using the publicly available incidence，prevalence，mortality， and corresponding age-standardized rate（referred to as standardized rate） based on GBD 2019 database，and the burden of diseases was quantified by years lived with disability（YLD），years of life lost（YLL） and disability adjusted life year（DALY），and the ARIMA model was constructed to predict the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China from 2020 to 2050. Results Compared with 1990，the incidence，prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in China showed an increasing trend by year up to 2019，in which the incidence，prevalence and mortality increased by 93.75%，99.75% and 57.39%，respectively. The standardized incidence and prevalence of females were higher than those of males，while the standardized mortality was lower than that of males. According to the data in 2019，the overall incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China showed an increasing trend with age，reaching its highest value in the age group of 95 years and above. Incidence trends for both men and women were similar to the overall trend，with slight differences. The overall prevalence also increases with age and is higher in women than men. There is an increasing trend in cardiovascular disease mortality after the age of 45，with males having a higher mortality rate than females at all ages. Compared with 1990，the rates of YLL，YLD and DALY in Chinese men increased by 36.99%，102.42% and 40.78%，respectively，and increased by 2.79%，107.13% and 11.50% in women. According to the data in 2019，the YLL rate，YLD rate and DALY rate of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese population showed an upward trend with the increase of age，with no inflection point. YLL rate and DALY rate of males gradually increased with the progress of population aging and were much higher than females，YLD rate gradually increased in the the age group of 55-59 years and was much higher than males. From 1990 to 2019，the global standardized incidence，standardized prevalence and standardized mortality of cardiovascular diseases showed a downward trend by year，while the standardized morbidity and standardized morbidity still increased in China，the standardized incidence and prevalence decreased，but that was still higher than the global scale. From the global level，the standardized YLL rate and DALY rate of cardiovascular diseases in China showed a downward trend along with the global level，but the disease burden of cardiovascular diseases in China was higher than the global level after 2000，and the standardized YLD rate increased by year. Risk factors associated with death from cardiovascular diseases mainly included smoking，second-hand smoke，alcohol consumption，low physical activity，high fasting blood glucose，high systolic blood pressure，high BMI，high low density lipoprotein cholesterol and renal insufficiency. From the relevant data in China and globally，high systolic blood pressure （hypertension） was still the primary risk factor for death from cardiovascular diseases，and the number of deaths was increasing by year. High density lipoprotein cholesterol （hyperlipidemia） was the second cause of death from cardiovascular diseases globally and in China in recent years. From 2020 to 2050，the standardized incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China is still on the rise，and it is expected that the standardized incidence of cardiovascular diseases will reach 663.618 per 100 000 by 2050. Conclusion The incidence，prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in China from 1990 to 2019 have shown an increasing trend by year. The disease burden caused by cardiovascular diseases is more severely，and there is no inflection point in the next 50 years. The prevalence and burden of diseases are higher than those of the world. It is expected that the standardized incidence of cardiovascular diseases will reach 663.618 per 100 000 by 2050.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2025-02-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading causes of death and disability globally，with existing management models facing challenges such as insufficient long-term intervention and limited effectiveness of comprehensive prevention and control. The Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） three-level prevention and control model establishes a multi-tiered system involving families，communities，and hospitals，combining health education，lifestyle intervention，and TCM-specific techniques to provide systematic and continuous management. Objective To evaluate the management effectiveness of the TCM three-level prevention and control model for patients with coronary heart disease（CHD） and stroke，aiming to optimize prevention strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Methods A prospective single-arm cohort study was conducted，enrolling 265 non-acute CHD and stroke patients from Tianjin Beichen District between October and December 2020. Using a TCM three-level prevention and control system centered on patients，with village/community physicians as executors and tertiary hospital specialists as leaders，comprehensive TCM health management interventions—including health education，lifestyle modification，risk factor control，medication guidance，and TCM techniques—were implemented. Patients were managed and followed up over a one-year period with biannual follow-up visits. Management effectiveness was assessed through comparisons of pre- and post-management data，including 1-year recurrence and progression rates，myocardial ischemia incidence，Seattle Angina Questionnaire（SAQ） scores，National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS） scores，cardiovascular prevention knowledge scores，cardiovascular risk factors，and lifestyle behavior indicators. Results Among the 265 enrolled patients with coronary heart disease（CHD） and stroke，214 were CHD patients（193 with angina pectoris and 21 in a stable state post-myocardial infarction or PCI），and 51 were stroke patients（all ischemic stroke）. The cohort included 120 males and 145 females. By the end of the management period，14 patients were lost to follow-up，including 4 CHD patients and 10 stroke patients，leaving 251 patients who completed the study and were included in the final analysis.The study demonstrated that after 12 months of management，the 1-year recurrence and progression rates of CHD and stroke significantly decreased compared to baseline（P<0.05）. For CHD management，the incidence of myocardial ischemia reduced significantly，with the most notable improvement observed at 6 months（P<0.05）. Additionally，patients’ scores in the Seattle Angina Questionnaire（SAQ），including physical limitation，angina stability，angina frequency，treatment satisfaction，and disease perception，all significantly improved compared to baseline（P<0.05）. For stroke management，NIHSS scores significantly decreased compared to baseline（P<0.05）. Regarding disease awareness，the total scores of the cardiovascular prevention knowledge questionnaire significantly increased compared to baseline（P<0.05）. In terms of risk factor control，systolic blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline（P<0.05），and no significant improvements were observed in other parameters（P>0.05）. In terms of lifestyle behavior，the proportions of individuals preferring sweet and oily foods significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Sleep quality，as indicated by PSQI scores，showed significant improvement（P<0.05）.But no significant improvements were observed in other parameters（P>0.05）. Conclusion The TCM three-level prevention and control model demonstrates significant management effectiveness in reducing 1-year recurrence and progression rates of CHD and stroke，enhancing disease awareness，improving unhealthy lifestyle behaviors，and partially controlling cardiovascular risk factors. These results suggest that the model effectively stabilizes disease conditions and improves the outcomes of secondary prevention for cardiovascular diseases，highlighting its potential for broader application.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2025-07-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
LI Yibing
JIA Hongbo
FAN Xiaonong
ZHAO Wenjun
LIU Wei
GE Wenyi
LI Songjiao
LEI Kangchen
ZHANG Menglong
ZHANG Weiwei
CHEN Yang
LI Li
Abstract： Background Post-stroke dysphagia（PSD）is a common and severe complication of stroke，significantly reducing patients' quality of life and increasing mortality risk. Although multiple factors have been proposed to correlate with PSD prognosis，the quality of evidence supporting these associations remains systematically underevaluated. Objective To systematically evaluate risk and protective factors influencing PSD prognosis and assess the quality of evidence for each factor. Methods Eight databases（PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，and SinoMed）were searched from their inception to November 3，2024 to identify systematic reviews investigating prognostic factors for PSD. The methodological quality of the included reviews was appraised using the AMSTAR 2 checklist. A four-tiered evidence grading system was applied to evaluate the certainty of the prognostic factors. Data from all relevant original studies within the systematic reviews were synthesized and re-analyzed using STATA 16 and Review Manager 5.4. Results Five systematic reviews（encompassing 39 original studies）were included，identifying 45 prognostic factors associated with PSD. Only one factor（impaired consciousness）was supported by strong evidence. Nine factors—age，sex，cognitive impairment，dysphagia severity，malnutrition，bilateral stroke，activities of daily living，NIHSS score，and mRS score—demonstrated highly suggestive evidence，while the remaining factors were supported by weak evidence. Conclusion Prognostic factors for PSD can be categorized into reversible and irreversible determinants. Clinical interventions should prioritize modifiable factors to optimize rehabilitation outcomes. Further high-quality studies are warranted to validate these associations and refine evidence-based management strategies.
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