分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-09
摘要： The search for Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) emission in the energy range 1-100 GeV in coincidence with the satellite detection has been carried out using the Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory at YangBaJing (ARGO-YBJ) experiment. The high altitude location (4300 m a.s.l.), the large active surface (∼ 6700 m2 of Resistive Plate Chambers), the wide field of view (∼2 sr, limited only by the atmospheric absorption) and the high duty cycle (> 86 %) make the ARGO-YBJ experiment particularly suitable to detect short and unexpected events like GRBs. With the scaler mode technique, i.e., counting all the particles hitting the detector with no measurement of the primary energy and arrival direction, the minimum threshold of ∼ 1 GeV can be reached, overlapping the direct measurements carried out by satellites. During the experiment lifetime, from December 17, 2004 to February 7, 2013, a total of 206 GRBs occurring within the ARGO-YBJ field of view (zenith angle θ ≤ 45∘) have been analyzed. This is the largest sample of GRBs investigated with a ground-based detector. Two lightcurve models have been assumed and since in both cases no significant excess has been found, the corresponding fluence upper limits in the 1-100 GeV energy region have been derived, with values as low as 10−5 erg cm−2. The analysis of a subset of 24 GRBs with known redshift has been used to constrain the fluence extrapolation to the GeV region together with possible cutoffs under different assumptions on the spectrum.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核材料与工艺技术 提交时间： 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要： The present work investigated the radiolysis of HA (Humic acids) in aqueous solutions and under gamma radiation. Absorbances at the range of 200‒800 nm and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were used to characterize the degree of degradation of HA. The results indicated that absorbances and the concentrations of COD were decreased with increasing of irradiation dose while with increasing of irradiation dose the pH of the solutions was decreased at first and then increase. In addition, the effects of initial pH and primary solution concentrations on HA degradation were also investigated. It is shown that the higher primary solution concentrations, the lower degradation efficiency under the same irradiation dose. And the degradation efficiency of HA under neutral conditions is better than in acidic or alkaline conditions.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-09
摘要： The ARGO-YBJ air shower detector monitored the Crab Nebula gamma ray emission from 2007 November to 2013 February. The integrated signal, consisting of ∼3.3 × 105 events,reached the statistical significance of 21.1 standard deviations. The obtained energy spectrum in the energy range 0.3-20 TeV can be described by a power law function dN/dE = I0 (E / 2 TeV)−α, with a flux normalization I0 = (5.2 ± 0.2) × 10−12 photons cm−2 s−1 TeV−1and α = 2.63 ± 0.05, corresponding to an integrated flux above 1 TeV of 1.97 × 10−11 photons cm−2 s−1. The systematic error is estimated to be less than 30% for the flux normalization and 0.06 for the spectral index. Assuming a power law spectrum with an exponential cutoff dN/dE = I0 (E / 2 TeV)−α exp (-E / Ecut), the lower limit of the cutoff energy Ecut is 12 TeV, at 90% confidence level. Our extended dataset allows the study of the TeV emission over long timescales. Over five years, the light curve of the Crab Nebula in 200-day bins is compatible with a steady emission with a probability of 7.3 × 10−2. A correlated analysis with Fermi-LAT data over ∼4.5 years using the light curves of the two experiments gives a Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.56 ± 0.22. Concerning flux variations on timescales of days, a "blind" search for flares with a duration of 1-15 days gives no excess with a significance higher than four standard deviations. The average rate measured by ARGO-YBJ during the three most powerful flares detected by Fermi-LAT is 205 ± 91 photons day−1, consistent with the average value of 137 ± 10 day−1.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-14
摘要： We study the dynamic changes of electron energy distribution (EED) through systematically analysing the quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 in different states. With Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique we model fourteen SEDs of 3C 279 using a leptonic model with a three-parameter log-parabola electron energy distribution (EED). The 14 SEDs can be satisfactorily fitted with the one-zone leptonic model. The observed γ rays in 13 states are attributed to Compton scattering of external infrared photons from a surrounding dusty torus. The curved γ-ray spectrum observed during 2-8 April 2014 is well explained by the external Compton of dust radiation. It is found that there is a clear positive correlation between the curvature parameter b of the EED and the electron peak energy γ′pk. No clear correlation between b and the synchrotron peak frequency νs is found, due to the varied product of Doppler factor and fluid magnetic field from state to state. We interpret the correlation of b−γ′pk in a stochastic acceleration scenario. This positive correlation is in agreement with the prediction in the stage when the balance between acceleration and radiative cooling of the electrons is nearly established in the case of the turbulence spectral index q=2.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-14
摘要： Precise spectra of 3C 279 in the 0.5-70 keV range, obtained during two epochs of \emph{Swift} and \emph{NuSTAR} observations, are analyzed using a near-equipartition model. We apply a one-zone leptonic model with a three-parameter log-parabola electron energy distribution (EED) to fit the \emph{Swift} and \emph{NuSTAR} X-ray data, as well as simultaneous optical and \emph{Fermi}-LAT γ-ray data. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is used to search the high-dimensional parameter space and evaluate the uncertainties on model parameters. We show that the two spectra can be successfully fit in near-equipartition conditions, defined by the ratio of the energy density of relativistic electrons to magnetic field ζe being close to unity. In both spectra, the observed X-rays are dominated by synchrotron-self Compton photons, and the observed γ rays are dominated by Compton scattering of external infrared photons from a surrounding dusty torus. Model parameters are well constrained. From the low state to the high state, both the curvature of the log-parabola width parameter and the synchrotron peak frequency significantly increase. The derived magnetic fields in the two states are nearly identical (∼1\ G), but the Doppler factor in the high state is larger than that in the low state (∼28 versus ∼18). We derive that the gamma-ray emission site takes place outside the broad-line region, at ≳ 0.1 pc from the black hole, but within the dusty torus. Implications for 3C 279 as a source of high-energy cosmic-rays are discussed.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-14
摘要： Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the most attractive candidates for the acceleration sites of Galactic cosmic rays. We report the detection of GeV γ-ray emission with the Pass 8 events recorded by Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) in the vicinity of the shell type SNR CTB 37B that is likely associated with the TeV γ−ray source HESS J1713-381. The photon spectrum of CTB 37B is consistent with a power-law with an index of 1.89±0.08 in the energy range of 0.5−500 GeV, and the measured flux connects smoothly with that of HESS J1713-381 at a few hundred GeV. No significant spatial extension and time variation are detected. The multi-wavelength data can be well fitted with either a leptonic model or a hadronic one. However, parameters of both models suggest more efficient particle acceleration than typical SNRs. Meanwhile, the X-ray and γ-ray spectral properties of CTB 37B show that it is an interesting source bridging young SNRs dominated by non-thermal emission and old SNRs interacting with molecular clouds.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2025-04-20
Junhuai Xu
Qinglin Niu
Yuhao Qin
Dawei Si
Yijie Wang
Sheng Xiao
Baiting Tian
Zhi Qin
Haojie Zhang
Boyuan Zhang
Dong Guo
Minxue Fu
Xiaobao Wei
Yibo Hao
Zengxiang Wang
Tianren Zhuo
Chunwang Ma
Yuansheng Yang
Xianglun Wei
Herun Yang
摘要： The nucleons in nuclei form temporally correlated pairs in close proximity, called short range correlation (SRC), which plays a crucial role in understanding nuclear structure and the fundamental properties of dense nuclear matter. The consequence of SRC on heavy-ion collisions (HICs) has remained unexplored until now. In this paper, we identify neutron-proton bremsstrahlung γ-ray emission from HICs as a new indicator of SRC in nuclei. By observing the hardening of the bremsstrahlung γ-ray spectrum, which results from the increase of high-momentum components above the Fermi surface in nucleon momentum distributions, we precisely determine the SRC fraction in nuclei to be (21±7)% at 3σ confidence levels. Our experiment identifies the first direct and accurate signature of SRC in low-energy HICs, providing a new method to study the parton momentum distribution of nucleons in nuclei.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2024-08-06
摘要： The back-streaming white-neutron beam line (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutron-research platform built for the study of nuclear data, neutron physics, and neutron applications. Many types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early 2018. These measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron beam. These gamma rays, commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays, can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction measurements. Studying the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental background. However, measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons; thus, discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is difficult. In this study, we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a CeBr3 scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n. Four types of black resonance filters, 181Ta, 59Co, natAg, and natCd, were used in this measurement. The time-of-flight (TOF) technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra, which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma rays. The energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the CeBr3 scintillation detector and using Monte Carlo simulations. Based on the results of this study, the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated, which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-13
摘要： Building on our previous cross-correlation analysis (Xia et al. 2011) between the isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB) and different tracers of the large-scale structure of the universe, we update our results using 60-months of data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We perform a cross-correlation analysis between the IGRB and objects that may trace the astrophysical sources of the IGRB: SDSS-DR6 QSOs, the SDSS-DR8 Main Galaxy Sample, Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) in the SDSS catalog, 2MASS galaxies, and radio NVSS galaxies. The benefit of correlating the Fermi-LAT signal with catalogs of objects at various redshifts is to provide tomographic information on the IGRB which is crucial to separate the various contributions and to clarify its origin. We observe a significant (>3.5 sigma) cross-correlation signal on angular scales smaller than 1 deg in the NVSS, 2MASS and QSO cases and, at lower statistical significance (~3.0 sigma), with SDSS galaxies. These results are robust against the choice of the statistical estimator, estimate of errors, map cleaning procedure and instrumental effects. Finally, we test the hypothesis that the IGRB observed by Fermi-LAT originates from the summed contributions of three types of unresolved extragalactic sources: BL Lacs, FSRQs and Star-Forming Galaxies (SFGs). We find that a model in which the IGRB is mainly produced by SFGs (72+23−37% with 2 sigma errors), with BL Lacs and FSRQs giving a minor contribution, provides a good fit to the data. We also consider a possible contribution from Misaligned Active Galactic Nuclei, and we find that, depending on the details of the model and its uncertainty, they can also provide a substantial contribution, partly degenerate with the SFG one. (abridged)
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-13
摘要： We compare the measured angular cross-correlation between the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sky and catalogues of extra-galactic objects with the expected signal induced by weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter (DM). We include a detailed description of the contribution of astrophysical gamma-ray emitters such as blazars, misaligned AGN and star forming galaxies, and perform a global fit to the measured cross-correlation. Five catalogues are considered: SDSS-DR6 quasars, 2MASS galaxies, NVSS radio galaxies, SDSS-DR8 Luminous Red Galaxies and SDSS-DR8 main galaxy sample. To model the cross-correlation signal we use the halo occupation distribution formalism to estimate the number of galaxies of a given catalogue in DM halos and their spatial correlation properties. We discuss uncertainties in the predicted cross-correlation signal arising from the DM clustering and WIMP microscopic properties, which set the DM gamma-ray emission. The use of different catalogues probing objects at different redshifts reduces significantly, though not completely, the degeneracy among the different gamma-ray components. We find that the presence of a significant WIMP DM signal is allowed by the data but not significantly preferred by the fit, although this is mainly due to a degeneracy with the misaligned AGN component. With modest substructure boost, the sensitivity of this method excludes thermal annihilation cross sections at 95% C.L. for WIMP masses up to few tens of GeV. Constraining the low-redshift properties of astrophysical populations with future data will further improve the sensitivity to DM.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-13
摘要： Fermi-LAT analyses show that the gamma-ray photon spectral indices Gamma_gamma of a large sample of blazars correlate with the vFv peak synchrotron frequency v_s according to the relation Gamma_gamma = d - k log v_s. The same function, with different constants d and k, also describes the relationship between Gamma_gamma and peak Compton frequency v_C. This behavior is derived analytically using an equipartition blazar model with a log-parabola description of the electron energy distribution (EED). In the Thomson regime, k = k_EC = 3b/4 for external Compton processes and k = k_SSC = 9b/16 for synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) processes, where b is the log-parabola width parameter of the EED. The BL Lac object Mrk 501 is fit with a synchrotron/SSC model given by the log-parabola EED, and is best fit away from equipartition. Corrections are made to the spectral-index diagrams for a low-energy power-law EED and departures from equipartition, as constrained by absolute jet power. Analytic expressions are compared with numerical values derived from self-Compton and external Compton scattered gamma-ray spectra from Ly alpha broad-line region and IR target photons. The Gamma_gamma vs. v_s behavior in the model depends strongly on b, with progressively and predictably weaker dependences on gamma-ray detection range, variability time, and isotropic gamma-ray luminosity. Implications for blazar unification and blazars as ultra-high energy cosmic-ray sources are presented. Arguments by Ghisellini et al. (2014) that the jet power exceeds the accretion luminosity depend on the doubtful assumption that we are viewing at the Doppler angle.
点击量
待评议
点击量
下载量
评论
通过
