按提交时间
按主题分类
按作者
按机构
  • Environmental dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus release from river sediments of arid areas

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地质学 提交时间: 2024-05-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Human activities lead to the accumulation of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments in rivers. Simultaneously, nitrogen and phosphorus can be affected by environment and re-enter the upper water body, causing secondary pollution of the river water. In this study, laboratory simulation experiments were conducted initially to investigate the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from river sediments in Urumqi City and the surrounding areas in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China and determine the factors that influence their release. The results of this study showed significant short-term differences in nitrogen and phosphorus release characteristics from sediments at different sampling points. The proposed secondary kinetics model (i.e., pseudo-second-order kinetics model) better fitted the release process of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments is a complex process driven by multiple factors, therefore, we tested the influence of three factors (pH, temperature, and disturbance intensity) on the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments in this study. The most amount of nitrate nitrogen (NO3–-N) was released under neutral conditions, while the most significant release of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) occurred under acidic and alkaline conditions. The release of nitrite nitrogen (NO2–-N) was less affected by pH. The dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) released significantly in the alkaline water environment, while the release of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) was more significant in acidic water. The release amount of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) increased with an increase in pH. The sediments released nitrogen and phosphorus at higher temperatures, particularly NH4+-N, NO3–-N, and SRP. The highest amount of DOP was released at 15.0°C. An increase in disturbance intensity exacerbated the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments. NH4+-N, DTP, and SRP levels increased linearly with the intensity of disturbance, while NO3–-N and NO2–-N were more stable. This study provides valuable information for protecting and restoring the water environment in arid areas and has significant practical reference value.

  • Near-surface wind field characteristics of the desert-oasis transition zone in Dunhuang, China

    分类: 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间: 2024-05-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: The desert-oasis transition zone (DOTZ) serves as a buffer area between the desert and oasis. Understanding its wind field characteristics is of great significance for the prevention and control of aeolian disasters in the oasis. In this study, we used meteorological data during 2013–2019 from the portable meteorological stations at five sites (site A on the edge of the oasis, sites B, C, and D in the DOTZ, and site O in the desert) in Dunhuang, China to analyze the near-surface wind field characteristics and their causes, as well as to reveal the key role of the DOTZ in oasis protection. The results showed that the mean wind speed, frequency of sand-driving wind, and directional variability of wind decreased from west to east within the DOTZ, and wind speed was significantly affected by air temperature. The terrain influenced the prevailing winds in the region, mainly from northeast and southwest. Only some areas adjacent to the oasis were controlled by southeasterly wind. This indicated that the near-surface wind field characteristics of the DOTZ were caused by the combined effects of local terrain and surface hydrothermal difference. At site D, the annual drift potential (DP) was 24.95 vector units (VU), indicating a low wind energy environment, and the resultant drift direction (RDD) showed obvious seasonal differences. Additionally, the DOTZ played an important buffering role between the desert and oasis. Compared with the desert, the mean wind speed in the oasis decreased by 64.98%, and the prevailing wind direction was more concentrated. The results of this study will be useful in interpreting the aeolian activity of the DOTZ in Dunhuang.

  • Grain size and surface micro-texture characteristics and their paleoenvironmental significance of Holocene sediment in southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地质学 提交时间: 2024-05-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: The southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, is characterized by alternating layers of aeolian and alluvial deposits. Investigating the characteristics of arenaceous sediment in this area is of significant importance for understanding the interactive processes of wind and water forces, as well as the provenance of sediment. However, there are relatively few investigations on the characteristics of such sediment at present. In this study, we researched three aeolian-alluvial interactive stratigraphic profiles and different types of surface sediment on the desert-oasis transitional zone of southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert. Based on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of aeolian sand and analyses of quartz sand grain size and surface micro-texture, we explored the aeolian-alluvial environmental change at southern margin of the desert in Holocene, as well as the provenance of sediment. The results indicated that the grain size characteristics of different types of sediment in the stratigraphic profiles were similar to those of modern dune sand, interdune sand, muddy desert surface soil, and riverbed sand. Their frequency curves were unimodal or bimodal, and cumulative probability curves were two-segment or three-segment, mainly composed of suspension load and saltation load. The quartz sand in the sediment at southern margin of the desert had undergone alternating transformation of various exogenic forces, with short transportation distance and time, and sedimentary environment was relatively humid. In Holocene, southern margin of the desert primarily featured braided river deposits, and during intermittent period of river activity, there were also aeolian deposits such as sand sheet deposits, stabilized dune deposits, and mobile dune deposits. The provenance for Holocene alluvial deposits at southern margin of the desert remains relatively constant, with the debris of the Tianshan Mountains being the primary provenance. Aeolian sand is mainly near-source recharge, which is formed by in situ deposition of fluvial or lacustrine materials in southern margin of the desert transported by wind erosion, and its provenance was still the weathered debris of the Tianshan Mountains. In addition, the sand in interior of the desert may be transported by northwest wind in desert-scale, thus affecting the development of dunes in southern margin of the desert. The results of this study provide a reference for understanding the composition and provenance changes of desert sand in the context of global climate change.

  • Grassland-type ecosystem stability in China differs under the influence of drought and wet events

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-05-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Ecological stability is a core issue in ecological research and holds significant implications for humanity. The increased frequency and intensity of drought and wet climate events resulting from climate change pose a major threat to global ecological stability. Variations in stability among different ecosystems have been confirmed, but it remains unclear whether there are differences in stability within the same terrestrial vegetation ecosystem under the influence of climate events in different directions and intensities. China's grassland ecosystem includes most grassland types and is a good choice for studying this issue. This study used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index-12 (SPEI-12) to identify the directions and intensities of different types of climate events, and based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), calculated the resistance and resilience of different grassland types for 30 consecutive years from 1990 to 2019 (resistance and resilience are important indicators to measure stability). Based on a traditional regression model, standardized methods were integrated to analyze the impacts of the intensity and duration of drought and wet events on vegetation stability. The results showed that meadow steppe exhibited the highest stability, while alpine steppe and desert steppe had the lowest overall stability. The stability of typical steppe, alpine meadow, temperate meadow was at an intermediate level. Regarding the impact of the duration and intensity of climate events on vegetation ecosystem stability for the same grassland type, the resilience of desert steppe during drought was mainly affected by the duration. In contrast, the impact of intensity was not significant. However, alpine steppe was mainly affected by intensity in wet environments, and duration had no significant impact. Our conclusions can provide decision support for the future grassland ecosystem governance.

  • Landscape ecological risk assessment and its driving factors in the Weihe River basin, China

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-05-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Weihe River basin is of great significance to analyze the changes of land use pattern and landscape ecological risk and to improve the ecological basis of regional development. Based on land use data of the Weihe River basin in 2000, 2010, and 2020, with the support of Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), GeoDa, and other technologies, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of land use pattern and landscape ecological risk. Results showed that land use structure of the Weihe River basin has changed significantly, with the decrease of cropland and the increase of forest land and construction land. In the past 20 a, cropland has decreased by 7347.70 km2, and cropland was mainly converted into forest land, grassland, and construction land. The fragmentation and dispersion of ecological landscape pattern in the Weihe River basin were improved, and land use pattern became more concentrated. Meanwhile, landscape ecological risk of the Weihe River basin has been improved. Severe landscape ecological risk area decreased by 19,177.87 km2, high landscape ecological risk area decreased by 3904.35 km2, and moderate and low landscape ecological risk areas continued to increase. It is worth noting that landscape ecological risks in the upper reaches of the Weihe River basin are still relatively serious, especially in the contiguous areas of high ecological risk, such as Tianshui, Pingliang, Dingxi areas and some areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Landscape ecological risk showed obvious spatial dependence, and high ecological risk area was concentrated. Among the driving factors, population density, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and their interactions are the most important factors affecting the landscape ecological risk of the Weihe River basin. The findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the ecological dynamics in the Weihe River basin, providing crucial insights for sustainable management in the region.

  • 柴达木盆地可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区鸟类多样性

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区是全球候鸟迁徙网络中亚迁飞通道上鸟类在柴达木盆地荒漠区唯一的大型补给站和停歇地,是以迁徙鸟类为主要保护对象的自然保护区。2019—2021年综合采用多种调查方法对保护区鸟类种类和个体数进行监测记录。结果表明:区域共记录鸟类18目43科138种,其中国家一级保护动物10种,国家二级保护动物 24 种,夏候鸟和旅鸟是鸟类群落的重要组成部分,占比分别为40 .58%和 29.71%。与 2019 年相比,2021年保护区鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数均呈增加趋势,物种数增加37种,个体数由7045只增加至24552只,其中黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)和赤嘴潜鸭(Netta rufina)的个体数达到全球种群数量1%标准,该保护区对于这两种水鸟而言具有国际重要意义。水鸟种类的增加,赤嘴潜鸭(Netta rufina)、普通秋沙鸭(Mergus merganser)等7种鸟类居留型的改变可能与区域气候变化有关。该研究结果为该保护区申请国际重要湿地、开展深入的生物多样性监测提供契机。

  • 气候变化下新疆乌伦古河上游蒙新河狸的潜在分布变化

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 蒙新河狸(Castor fiber birulai)在我国仅分布于新疆阿勒泰地区的乌伦古河流域,研究蒙新河狸潜在适生区的分布对该物种的保护具有重要意义。使用2021—2022年野外实地调查收集的97个蒙新河狸家族分布位点,结合28个环境因子,利用MaxEnt模型预测不同气候情景下新疆乌伦古河上游蒙新河狸适宜生境区的分布。结果表明:蒙新河狸适宜生境分布的环境因子是距道路距离(0.1~1 km)、距水渠距离(小于3 km)、土地覆盖类型(河流、湿地与林地)、海拔(1000 m左右)与温度季节性变动系数(1500以上)的影响。当前蒙新河狸适宜生境沿乌伦古河上游河流紧密分布、区域狭窄。在2050s(ssp585气候情景)与2070s(ssp126气候情景)期间高适生区分别与当前持平或增加,未来两种气候情景较当前蒙新河狸适宜生境面积均有所降低,适宜生境降低的区域基本相似。本研究结果为气候变化影响下的蒙新河狸的保护与管理提供参考依据。

  • 基于PLUS和InVEST模型的乌鲁木齐市碳储量时空演变与预测

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 土地利用变化对陆地生态系统的碳储量变化有着重要影响,研究不同发展情景下陆地生态系用碳储量变化情况,有利于优化空间布局,协调土地利用与生态环境保护的关系。本研究结合PLUS和InVEST模型,通过多种驱动因素数据分析了2000—2020年乌鲁木齐市土地利用的变化特征,以此预测模拟2030年自然发展情景、生态保护优先情景和耕地保护优先情景下土地碳储量。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年乌鲁木齐市林地、水域、建设面积、未利用地数量增加,耕地、草地面积减少。(2)2030 年,自然发展情景延续了以往发展模式,建设用地面积增幅为18.29%。生态保护优先情景下,建设用地的扩张速度得到有效控制,增幅已经减缓,为4.73%。耕地保护优先情景下耕地面积比自然发展情景下多了171 km2,耕地保护效果显著。(3)2000—2020年,碳储量呈下降趋势,共计减少8.5×106 t。2030年自然发展情景下碳储量总量相较于2020年减少了4.065×106 t,生态保护优先情景下比自然增长情景高7.519×105 t,耕地保护优先情景比自然增长情景低1.979×106 t。因此,在未来乌鲁木齐市发展规划中,应当落实耕地保护责任,控制建设用地向林地、草地等高碳密度用地的扩张,优化用地布局,提高区域碳储量水平。

  • 新疆能源消费碳排放时空特征及能源结构调整路径探讨

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 新疆作为我国重要的能源生产与供给基地,合理的协调经济发展与能源碳排放之间的关系,是实现其经济可持续发展与节能减排目标的重要前提。本文在整理新疆各类统计数据的基础上利用空间自相关对新疆2000—2020年能源消费碳排放的时空特征进行了测算和分析。结果表明:(1)研究期间新疆能源消费碳排放总量呈现逐年增加的趋势,但碳排放强度整体上呈现下降趋势;(2)碳排放强度的空间分布特征表现为:天山东坡碳排放强度较高,准噶尔北缘、天山北坡和昆仑山北坡则相对较低,并且具有明显的集聚特点;(3)在全球变暖与碳减排的大背景下,新疆需要从区域资源禀赋特点入手,建立差异化的能源结构调整策略,通过构建多能互补的绿色能源网络,促进区域实现“双碳”目标和社会经济的高质量发展。

  • 系统发育和植物功能性状对新疆木本植物开花物候变化的影响

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 为揭示系统发育和植物功能性状对新疆木本植物开花物候的影响,以新疆乌鲁木齐、伊宁和喀什三地典型植物园或公园的木本植物为研究对象,利用系统发育信号值和系统发育广义最小二乘模型(phylogenetic generalized least squares, PGLS),探究开花物候分布特征、谱系保守性以及功能性状的贡献率。结果表明:(1) 新疆木本植物开花期集中在3月31日至4月20日,持续时间为(13.03±0.38) d。乔木、肉质果、彩色花和风媒植物分别比灌木、非肉质果、非彩色花和虫媒植物的开花早。(2) 亲缘关系越近的物种开花物候特征越相似,系统发育信号值Pagel’s λ为0.67⁓0.74。(3) 果实类型、花色和传粉方式与开花物候最相关,解释度为17.4%⁓31.6%。本研究证明系统发育和植物功能性状均能影响新疆木本植物开花物候,研究结果对阐明干旱区生物多样性维持机制和虫植关系具有重要意义。

  • 生态系统服务权衡及其影响因素——以黄河流域山西段为例

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 黄河流域山西段是重要的生态屏障区,明晰生态系统服务权衡/协同强度的时空格局,对生态保护及经济协调 发展具有重要意义。本文基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)量化生态系统服务供给量和需求量,通过均方根偏差(Root Mean Square Deviation,RMSD)量 化生态系统服务权衡强度,利用结构方程模型(Structural Equation Model,SEM)分析权衡强度的驱动因素。结果表 明:(1)2000—2020年产水(Water Yield,WY)和土壤保持服务(Soil Conservation,SC)、产水和固碳服务 (Carbon Sequestration,CS)供给权衡强度呈上升趋势,产水和土壤保持服务、产水和固碳服务需求协同强度呈下降 趋势。(2)除产水服务在2020年供给—需求权衡强度大于0,2000—2020年产水、土壤保持和固碳服务的供给—需 求权衡强度均小于0。(3)生态系统服务权衡/协同强度主要受自然因素影响,蒸散发对产水和土壤保持服务、产水 和固碳服务供给权衡具有促进作用,对产水服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用;草地面积占比对产水和固碳服务供给 权衡及产水和土壤保持服务需求协同具有抑制作用,对固碳服务供给—需求权衡具有促进作用;降水对产水和固碳服 务需求协同及土壤保持服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用,对产水服务供给—需求权衡具有促进作用。(4)社会经 济因素对生态系统服务权衡/协同强度具有次要作用,人口密度对产水和土壤保持服务需求协同具有促进作用,而对 产水服务供给—需求权衡及固碳服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用。因此,在制定流域综合管理决策时应考虑生态系 统服务权衡/协同强度的空间特征和驱动因素的差异性。

  • 土壤含水量对探地雷达探测植物根系构型精度的影响

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 根系是评价植被生态服务功能的关键基础要素,但快速、精确、无损确定根系的测量技术和方法是目前生 态系统评估中的瓶颈。探地雷达是一种高效无损的地球物理学技术,可以在无损状态下获取土壤中的根系信息。 但是探地雷达检测和识别根系的精度受土壤含水量、根系含水量、根径大小、根系埋藏深度等诸多因素影响,导致 其在野外根系探测中适用性受限,为了探究土壤含水量对探地雷达探测根系精度的影响,本研究采用野外预埋根 系的控制实验,根据探地雷达波速、振幅和根点反射系数的变化,分析了不同土壤含水量条件下根点识别率及根点 距离均方根误差。 结果表明:(1)根系探测中,探地雷达波速和振幅是判断土壤含水量变化的重要参数;(2)随着 土壤含水量的增大,探地雷达波速减小,雷达振幅趋于平缓;(3)不同土层深度上随着根系直径的增大,探地雷达波 速增大,雷达振幅趋于激烈;(4)根点识别率与土壤含水量成负相关(P

  • 祁连山典型植被土壤碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量特征的垂直变化

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 本研究针对祁连山国家公园山体沿海拔(2700~4043 m)自下而上出现的针叶林、草甸化草原、高寒灌丛、高寒草甸、流石滩稀疏植被5种典型植被,研究土壤碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量比垂直分异规律,为祁连山国家公园生态系统土壤碳氮磷生物地球化学循环过程提供数据参考和科学依据。结果表明:(1)祁连山山体垂直带上0~40 cm土壤总碳、总氮和总磷含量分别为15.33~83.46 g·kg-1、1.63~7.76 g·kg-1、0.41~0.66 g·kg-1。土壤总碳和总氮含量均表现为针叶林>草甸化草原>高寒灌丛>高寒草甸>流石滩稀疏植被,都是沿着海拔的升高显著降低。土壤全磷含量表现为高寒灌丛显著高于高寒草甸,其余植被间差异不显著。(2)0~40 cm土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷含量分别为11.01~14.73 mg·kg-1、2.78~12.46 mg·kg-1和4.35~13.57 mg·kg-1。土壤铵态氮含量在各植被类型间差异不显著,土壤硝态氮含量沿着海拔的升高而显著降低,土壤速效磷在流石滩稀疏植被中含量较高。(3)0~40 cm土壤C:N、C:P和N:P含量分别为9.52~10.11、29.89~320.24和3.18~29.63,土壤C:N沿着海拔升高逐渐降低,土壤C:P和N:P在流石滩稀疏植被中显著低于其他植被,潜在指示碳和氮是流石滩限制性养分元素,但相对于碳和氮,流石滩是一个富磷的环境。海拔综合多种环境因子变化,显著影响土壤碳、氮、磷的生物化学过程。

  • 河西走廊中段荒漠植被组成及土壤养分空间分布特征

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 荒漠植被是河西走廊绿洲生态安全防护的重要屏障,研究荒漠植被组成及土壤养分分布特征对于荒漠—绿洲过渡带荒漠植被建设及管理有重要意义。本研究基于大量野外调查,并使用传统统计学与地统计学方法,研究了河西走廊中段及巴丹吉林沙漠南缘荒漠植被组成及土壤养分特征,并解析了其与环境因子的相关关系。结果表明:河西走廊中段及巴丹吉林沙漠西南缘荒漠区植物组成单一,多样性较低,且植物种类集中在少数科中,出现频度高的植物均为红砂(Reaumuria songarica)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)等典型荒漠植物。草本植物分布与年均降水量有较强相关性,研究区最南端的山丹县草本生物量达到108.01 g·m-2,在一定年降水量区间,灌木生物量随降水增加而增加,最高值出现在靠近祁连山北坡的肃州区,为134.03 g·m-2;降水量的增加,会显著促进草本植物的生长。研究区表层土壤有机碳、总氮、总磷含量最高,其平均值分别为2.12 g·kg-1、0.25 g·kg-1、0.41 g·kg-1,且离散程度较底层土壤更高;水平方向上三种土壤养分变异程度高,空间自相关性弱,最高值出现在张掖绿洲附近,分别达到11.22 g·kg-1、1.30 g·kg-1、0.73 g·kg-1。主成分分析显示,造成研究区生境差异的首要因素是土壤属性,其次是降水,但不同环境因子之间也会互相影响,共同驱动了荒漠植被组成及分布。

  • 干旱砾漠区不同微地貌单元土壤性状及真菌群落变化特征

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 探明干旱砾漠区不同微地貌单元土壤性状、真菌群落组成特征及其变化驱动因素,对于该区土壤真菌群落构建机制的理论研究和针对性生态损伤修复策略制定的实践指导具有重要意义。本文首先对比了干旱砾漠区4种微地貌单元(风蚀残丘、砾漠戈壁、河谷和风沙地)土壤理化性质、真菌α多样性及群落组成的变化特征,再结合不同微地貌单元植物群落特性和微气象因子测定,探究了各微地貌单元影响土壤真菌群落的主要生态因子。结果表明:(1)干旱砾漠区土壤均为砂质土壤,其中风沙地砂粒含量最大且黏粒含量最小,而河谷土壤粒径组成则相反;河谷和砾漠戈壁之间土壤容重和有机质含量无显著差异但显著高于其他两种微地貌单元;河谷土壤可溶性盐含量显著低于其他微地貌单元21.4%,但土壤含水量显著高出39.3%;速效养分中除砾漠戈壁的速效氮与速效钾、风蚀残丘的速效磷含量显著较低外,其他微地貌单元速效养分并未表现出显著性差异。(2)土壤真菌α多样性中 Shannon-Wiener指数、Pieloue指数和Simpson指数均表现为在风沙地显著降低而其他微地貌单元差异不明显,但Chao1多样性指数没有显著差异;真菌群落组成在门水平上,不同微地貌单元都以子囊菌门和担子菌门为优势菌门,其中子囊菌门在砾漠戈壁和风蚀残丘优势度最大,担子菌门在河谷占比最大;在属水平上,风蚀残丘的新凸轮孢菌属、暗茎草属,砾漠戈壁的新凸轮孢菌属、光黑壳,河谷的曲霉属、链格孢属,风沙地的金银花属、新凸轮孢菌属分别为各地貌单元土壤真菌群落优势属。(3)土壤含水量、有机质、速效氮、可溶性盐是影响干旱砾漠区不同微地貌单元土壤真菌群落结构变化的共同关键因子,风沙地的土壤机械组成、风蚀残丘的地表温度、光辐射强度、砾漠戈壁的地表风速和河谷的地表植被生物量分别为各自地貌单元影响土壤真菌群落的差异化生态因子。

  • 内蒙古伊敏盆地地下水水化学特征及其成因

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 采矿活动强烈地改变了区域水文循环特征并对地下水化学特征产生明显影响,揭示煤矿开发影响下的地下水系统演变特征,可为煤矿区的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供理论支持。本文以内蒙古伊敏盆地为例,在水文地质调查的基础上结合地下水流动系统理论、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比例系数、矿物饱和指数等分析方法探究煤矿开采活动干扰下的地下水化学变化特征。结果表明:研究区水环境整体上呈弱碱性,采矿显著影响区和非影响区内检测指标存在着不同程度的超标情况。盆地内煤矿开采疏排地下水加速了区域水文循环速度,使显著影响区水质向淡化方向演化。露天煤矿的开发使得原本封闭的地下水系统变得开放,含硫煤以及硫铁矿氧化产酸激发的一系列水-岩相互作用是区域地下水化学特征发生变化的主因。盆地地下水的水化学成分受蒸发浓缩作用和水-岩相互作用的影响。沿着地下水的流动方向,显著影响区内水化学类型是从HCO3-Ca·Na型向HCO3-Ca型变化,TDS和Cl-浓度呈现出下降趋势;在非影响区内是从HCO3-Ca·Na型向Cl-Ca·Mg型转变,TDS和Cl-浓度表现为上升趋势。

  • 塔什库尔干河流域河谷大气降水同位素特征与水汽输送路径

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 利用塔什库尔干河流域河谷2018年9月—2020年5月的降水事件的大气降水同位素数据,以及流域河谷代表性气象站点温度、降水、相对湿度等气象资料,分析降水中δ18O、δ2H和氘盈余(d-excess)变化特征,探讨影响因素,并基于拉格朗日后向轨迹模型(HYSPLIT)追踪解析流域河谷大气降水的水汽输送路径。结果表明:(1)降水δ2H、δ18O值总体上呈现夏季富集、冬季贫化的季节变化特征,且具有显著的温度效应(1.33‰·℃-1),但未见显著雨量效应;(2)局地大气降水线方程为δ2H=7.63δ18O-3.55,呈现出显著的干旱气候特征;(3)HYSPLIT模拟结果表明研究流域降水水汽主要受西风环流和局地水汽再循环影响,其中夏半年局地水汽蒸发占比54.09%,冬半年西方路径中较长距离输送占比45.53%。8月源自印度洋的水汽可绕过青藏高原到达研究区域。成果可为塔什库尔干河流域水资源管理和气候应对提供参考依据。

  • 近40 a内蒙古冬旱时空演变特征

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 冬季干旱是制约内蒙古冬季畜牧业生产的主要干扰因子之一,定量表征其时空变化特征和发展规律对防灾减灾、保障农牧业健康发展具有重要意义。利用1980—2021年冬季(10月—翌年3月)ERA5-Land再分析气象数据,计算1个月和6个月时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI),采用趋势分析、时空热点分析等方法,分析内蒙古全区和五种主要植被类型区冬季干旱演变特征。结果表明:(1)近40 a内蒙古冬季整体SPEI呈现下降趋势,干旱化现象在不同植被和月份中表现不一,也有少数植被和月份趋于湿润化。(2)内蒙古地区冬季干旱的时空热点变化模式主要表现为:振荡的热点、振荡的冷点和未检测到模式。具体从季节和月时间尺度来看,冬旱热点主要集中在内蒙古中部和西部的大部分地区,以及东部的兴安盟和通辽市,即这些区域冬旱现象呈现加剧的趋势。(3)在干旱频率与频数统计方面,轻度冬旱事件发生频率最高,而荒漠草原和隔壁荒漠地区是发生冬旱事件最为频繁和严重的区域。

  • 2013—2023年兰州山谷持续性冷池空气污染特征

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 持续性冷池(Persistent Cold Air Pools,PCAPs)在山谷城市长时间聚集空气污染物,严重影响居民生活与身体健康。本文使用2013年1月—2023年11月的探空数据和空气质量逐日数据,计算并统计分析了兰州山谷PCAPs发生特点,以及PCAPs强度对污染物浓度变化的影响,最后对比分析PCAPs事件期间存在沙尘气溶胶污染时各污染物浓度的变化情况。结果发现:2013—2023年期间一共发生59次PCAPs事件,共计持续197 d。PCAPs期间的山谷热亏缺与PM2.5浓度比非PCAPs期间分别高4.43 J·m-2和52.14 μg·m-3。PCAPs期间空气质量指数(Air Quality Index,AQI)、SO2浓度、NO2浓度、CO浓度、PM10浓度增长分别为70.37%、144.3%、84.3%、156%、73.15%,而O3浓度下降60.89%。在PCAPs期间并且无沙尘气溶胶时,PM2.5:PM10的值平均在0.58,在PCAPs期间并且有沙尘气溶胶时,PM2.5:PM10的值平均在0.31。当存在沙尘气溶胶时PM2.5浓度、PM10浓度、AQI、O3浓度增长分别为:18.33%、133.03%、84.44%、8.5%;而SO2浓度和CO浓度则分别降低17.54%和17.88%。研究结果可为兰州地区大气污染防治及管理策略提供参考。

  • 不同水平分辨率区域气候模式对青藏高原气候特征模拟

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-04-29 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 青藏高原地区气候特殊、地形复杂,气象观测站点稀少,对其区域气候和水循环过程的观测和模拟存在很大的困难。本文基于RegCM模式和WRF模式,探究不同水平分辨率10 km、25 km、50 km下区域气候模式对该地区1989—2008年气候时空分布规律的模拟能力。研究结果表明:在10 km水平分辨率下,RegCM模式模拟多年平均气温绝对误差为 0.33 ℃,WRF 模式模拟绝对误差为 1.77 ℃,比 25 km 和 50 km 水平分辨率下绝对误差减少 1.60~2.12 ℃,且四季气温模拟值与实测值的相关性有所提高;随着水平分辨率的提高,WRF模式对青藏高原东南部和南部的降水量高估有所改善,RegCM模式模拟值逐渐接近实测值(模拟年降水量相对误差由169%降至75%)且对高原北部降水量的模拟有所改善,但整体上模式对降雨的高估依然存在;两个模式随水平分辨率的提高对地形起伏最大的雅鲁藏布江源区降水量的误差减少最为明显。本研究可为揭示气候变化下青藏高原水文响应机理奠定基础。