Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since its establishment, the Ordos Sandland Ecological Research Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as Ordos Station) has aimed at the serious problem of the desertification in sandy grasslands in China. Taking the sandy grassland ecosystem as the research object, the Ordos Station has conducted long-term monitoring and research on the process and mechanism of grassland desertification at all levels, which has provided theoretical basis and experimental demonstration for regional economic sustainable development, combating desertification and environmental management. Over the past 30 years, based on long-term monitoring, field investigation, and long-term experiments, the Ordos Station has revealed the process and mechanism maintaining the stability of sandy grassland ecosystems under climatic change and human disturbance, which has led the research of sandy plant ecology and had an important impact in China and abroad. The main contributions include: (1) revealed the diversified adaptation strategies of sandy plants to the environment; (2) clarified the coupling relationship among plant traits and large-scale variation patterns of biodiversity; (3) verified the regulation mechanism of biological/abiotic factors on the structure and function of sandy ecosystem; and (4) creatively put forward the optimized "3-circles" eco-productive paradigm for sustainable management of desert lands, which has promoted regional sustainable development. These contributions have provided theoretical and technical supports for the restoration and reconstruction of sandy grassland ecosystems and the improvement of ecological functions in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The area of grassland in China is about 392.8 million hm2, covering 40.9% of land surface of China. Grasslands not only serve as important green barriers for national ecological security but also as basic means of production for local farmers and herders. However, the grasslands in China have been unevenly deteriorating since 1980s in large areas. To date, the overall condition of grasslands in China remains worsening, with some area getting better. Such a situation severely constrains the developments of ecological civilization and social economy in China. Here, we analyze the current state and issues in grassland restoration and conservation and suggest some countermeasures, aiming to restore, conserve, and sustainably use the grasslands in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China enters into a new era with high demand for nutritional and healthy food, and hence needs to adjust the agricultural production system to balance cereal production and livestock farming. Between the years 2010-2019 the production of red meat and milk has fallen far behind the consumption demand, resulting in sourcing and import of large quantity of red meat and milk products from the international market. In comparison to the average consumption levels in Asia and global, China’s consumption will continue to grow in the future, presenting a great challenge to the goals of 85% self-sufficiency rate for beef and mutton and more than 70% for milk. The farming-pastoral ecotone (FPE) of northern China covers 655 thousand km2 and plays an essential role in livestock farming and enviromental protection. How to implement Grass-based Livestock Husbandry and achieve high quality sustainable development of this region is discussed. Four suggestions are proposed, namely, to take a top-down approach and make a national plan the development of Grass-based Livestock Husbandry in the region; to introduce genome-based breeding of forage crops by molecular modules; to strengthen the innovation in forage product processing technologies to improve the usage efficiency of forage raw materials; and to integrate livestock farming into the rural revitalization initiative for the establishment of featured towns and villages dominated by livestock industries.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： There have been rapid progresses in biodiversity science of China in recent two decades. These progresses have been achieved in six key respects: species catalogue, origination and evolution of biodiversity, biodiversity maintenance and its relationships with ecosystem functioning and services, threats to biodiversity and biodiversity’s responses to global change, biodiversity and ecological security, and construction of research platforms. However, we still lack theoretical breakthrough in biodiversity science. For further progresses, we propose to: (1) translate basic biodiversity research into biodiversity conservation for sustainable utilization; (2) strengthen application of advanced technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, genomics, and remote sensing; and (3) strengthen and expand international collaborations.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Grassland ecosystems of Northern China, the headwaters region and water resource conservation areas for the Yellow River, the Yangzi River, the Lancang River, and the Luanhe River, are important ecological security barriers in China. They play extremely important roles in maintaining multiple ecosystem functions and services and sustaining multinational cultural diversity. However, the grassland ecosystems of Northern China have experienced widespread deterioration in functions and services since the last several decades due to the overexploitation of production functions at the cost of their ecological functions. Therefore, assessment of ecosystem services and ecological regionalization of grasslands in Northern China are needed for optimizing their production functions and ecological functions, establishing ecological security barriers, and achieving ecological civilization. Based on the spatial patterns of key ecosystem services and environmental conditions, we propose seven ecoregions and twenty-five sub-ecoregions across grassland ecosystems in Northern China. The ecological regionalization of grasslands can be used to guide sustainable grassland management, restoration of degraded grasslands, and biodiversity conservation in Northern China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Research sites are key facilities of a field station and basic conditions for conducting long-term observation, experiment, and research, which provide a great deal of direct and comprehensive data for long-term ecological research. In 2016, the Chinese Academy of Sciences started the project of construction of long-term research sites in some field stations. This project has achieved remarkable progress and provided a basis for pushing forward the construction of long-term research sites in other field stations.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2019-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： 生物量模型是估算灌木生物量的重要方法之一，本文采用4种数学模型(一元线性模型、二元线性模型、对数模型、幂函数模型)，3个预测变量株高(H)、冠幅(C)、植株 体积(V)对内蒙古地区26种常见温带灌木进行生物量方程的拟合，同时比较不同生境类型间灌木根冠比的差异。结果表明：○1 最优生物量方程以幂函数模型和一元线性函数模型为主，最佳预测变量以冠幅(C)和植株体积(V)为主。○2 有17种灌木不同器官最优生物量方程的形式和预测变量相同，表明物种内的生物量方程形式具有一定的一致性；但各器官生物量方程的系数又各不相同，因此分种进行不同器官生物量的拟合可以更准确地估算生物量。○3 草地灌木和山地灌木的根冠比显著大于荒漠灌木的根冠比。通过建立分种分器官的生物量估算模型，可以为内蒙古地区灌木生物量的计算以及灌丛生态系统碳库的估算提供便利。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：新疆夏尔希里自然保护区保持着较为原始的生态环境，是研究植被与环境变化的理想区域。通过在保护区内从海拔1 042~2 426 m的山地草原化荒漠带、山地干草原带和山地森林带采集的33个表土孢粉样品，结合对每个样点做的植被样方调查，根据孢粉数据进行有序聚类分析和冗余分析，探讨了表土孢粉组合特征与植被之间的对应关系。结果表明：3个孢粉组合带的特征与各垂直带植被总体上有较好的对应；藜科和麻黄属花粉含量与样方植物盖度无明显相关性，这两类孢粉呈现超代表性分布特征，应该是随气流从低海拔地带传播到山地高海拔地带的区域外花粉；桦属花粉和豆科花粉与对应的桦木林及锦鸡儿灌丛植被群落有较好的对应；[WTBX]A/C[WTBZ]比值和孢粉总浓度大小在区分森林带与草原化荒漠植被带时有明显的指示意义；蕨类植物孢子与降水量和海拔高度正相关，豆科植物花粉与温度正相关。由于山地地形因素引起的土壤、水分及光照度差异，在相同海拔高度的阳坡与阴坡形成的森林植被和中山草甸植被交替的过渡植被，因此孢粉组合中出现较多的花粉混合，进而降低了云杉和桦属花粉与植被盖度的相关性，这类木本花粉与植被之间的数量关系较为复杂。该现象在植物生态学分析中具有普遍性，但对表土孢粉数据在植被与气候定量重建中的应用具有较大的影响。在运用山地表土孢粉数据进行植被与气候定量重建时，需要结合植被样方资料和沉积环境特征对表土孢粉数据进行校正和筛选。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Plant ecology, plant geography submitted time 2016-06-13
Abstract： Aims Under the global change, precipitation patterns were predicted to change with larger fluctuations in inner- and inter-annual scales and more extreme events in the semiarid regions in Northern China. Since water availability is one of the key limited factors in semiarid steppe, the changes in precipitation patterns will inevitably affect ecosystem structure and function through soil water condition. Our objectives were to study the influences of precipitation patterns on soil volumetric water content (VWC) dynamic, especially its response to precipitation pulse events. Methods Two semiarid steppe sites (Duolun and Xilinhot) in Nei Mongol were chosen and meteorological stations were installed to monitor precipitation and VWC at five depths (0–10 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm) from 2006 to 2013. The responses of surface VWC to a precipitation pulse were stimulated by an exponential equation. Important findings Significant variations of soil moisture in inner- and inter-annual scales were found at the two sites, with larger fluctuations in upper layers than the deeper ones. However, soil moisture at 50 cm depth in Xilinhot showed an obvious variation, which was due to the water infiltration from snow melting. Only mean surface soil water content of the surface layer was well correlated with annual precipitation positively but not in the deeper soil. Results showed as small as precipitation events larger than 2 mm could induce a significant increase in surface soil water content, which could be regarded as the effective precipitation events in this region. The responses of surface VWC to a precipitation pulse were simulated by an exponential equation. The maximum increment of VWC after the event (△VWC) and lasting time (Tlasting) were determined by the event size (PPT) positively, while negatively affected by the initial soil water content before the events (VWC_Pre). Additionally, vegetation (leaf area index) did not show significant impacts on the responses of VWC to precipitation pulses. The depth of infiltration after the event was also determined by PPT, and affected by VWC_Pre. In average, soil water was infiltrated 1.06 cm and 0.79 cm deeper in Duolun and Xilinhot with 1 mm more precipitation, respectively. Therefore, based on this study, the event size and VWC_Pre were most important factors affecting soil moisture’s response to precipitation event in semiarid ecosystems.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Plant ecology, plant geography submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： Aims The concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has considerably increased over last century and is set to rise further. Forest ecosystems play a key role in reducing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and mitigating global climate change. Our objective is to understand carbon storage and its distribution in forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China. Methods By using the 8th forest resource inventory data and 2011–2012 field investigation data, we estimated carbon storage, density and its distribution in forest ecosystems of Zhejiang Province. Important findings The carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 602.73 Tg, of which 122.88 Tg in tree layer, 16.73 Tg in shrub-herb layer, 11.36 Tg in litter layer and 451.76 Tg in soil layer accounting for 20.39%, 2.78%, 1.88% and 74.95% of the total carbon storage, respectively. The carbon storage of mixed broadleaved forests was 138.03 Tg which ranked the largest (22.91%) among all forest types. The young and middle aged forests which accounted for 70.66% of the total carbon storage were the main body of carbon storage in Zhejiang Province. The carbon density of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 120.80 t·hm–2 and that in tree layer, shrub-herb layer, litter layer and soil layer were 24.65 t·hm–2, 3.36 t·hm–2, 2.28 t·hm–2 and 90.51 t·hm–2, respectively. The significant relationship between soil organic carbon storage and forest ecosystem carbon storage indicates that soil carbon played an important role in shaping forest ecosystem carbon density. Carbon density of tree layer increased with age in natural forests, but decreased in the order over-mature >near-mature >mature >middle-aged >young forest in plantations. The proportions of young and middle aged forests were larger than any other age classes. Thereby, the carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province could be increased through a proper forest management.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Plant ecology, plant geography submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： Aims To clarify the status of the carbon storage of forest ecosystem at different ages in Anhui Province, and to identify the maximum carbon sequestration potential of climax forest controlled by current natural environment conditions. Methods Field investigation method and BIOME4 model. Important findings At present, the total carbon storage of forests in Anhui Province is 714.5 Tg C, including 402.1 Tg C in vegetation and 312.4 Tg C in soil. Generally, the total and vegetation carbon density always present an increasing trend in the natural growth process of forest ecosystems in Anhui Province. Soil carbon density increases at the periods from young to near mature forests, but decreases gradually after near mature forest. Young and middle-aged forests account for 75% of the total forests area in Anhui Province, and there will be a potential additional carbon of 125.4 Tg C in case of young and middle-aged forests developing to near mature stand stage. Results from BIOME4 simulation showed that there will be a potential additional carbon of 245.7 Tg C (i.e. total carbon sequestration), including vegetation carbon sequestration of 153.7 Tg C, and soil carbon sequestration of 92 Tg C if forests develop to climax forest ecosystems in Anhui Province.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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