Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Tibetan Plateau lakes, with more than 50% area of the total lakes in China, are an important part of the Asia Water Tower. From 1970s to 2018, the number and area of lakes increased obviously, but the changing rate was not uniform. Before 1990, the negative balance of lake water storage was caused by low temperature inhibition of melting water. From 1990 to 2000, lake water storage increased associated with increased melting water due to the rising of temperature. After 2000, precipitation was the main factor leading to the increase of lake water storage, but the continuous temperature rising during 2005 and 2013 strengthened evaporation and weakened the increasing rate of lake water storage. Nevertheless, in the central and western Tibetan Plateau, the increase of lake water storage during 2000 and 2013 was mainly contributed by glacier melt water. From 1970s to 2013, the spatial characteristics of the lake water storage changes on the Tibetan Plateau were consistent with that of precipitation in the westerly and Indian monsoon regions. The increase of air temperature and long-wave radiation make the lake water temperature increase obviously, and promote the transmission efficiency of food chain. With the lake water storage increase, the lake water salinity generally decreases, which conduce the increase of lake biological diversity and make the lake ecosystem structure relatively complex. In the next 20 years, the lake water storage in the inland closed lakes of the Tibetan Plateau will continue to increase while the increasing rate will decrease. For the “Asian Water Tower”, the lake study on the Tibetan Plateau should focus on macroscale water storage and water balance, the main physical and chemical properties of lake water and ecosystem parameters, as well as the water cycle process of lake changes in large-scale climate change.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the 1980s, the establishment and development of modern climate system theory have promoted the cross integration of cryospheric science and climatology, thus giving birth to a new branch of cryospheric science—cryospheric climatology. The formation and evolution of cryosphere are closely related to the earth’s climate. Now it is generally recognized that cryosphere is not only the product of climate under certain conditions, but also its changes affect the weather and climate, and affect the social economy and sustainable development of human beings. Cryospheric climatology is a science that studies the interaction between cryosphere and atmosphere and its physical mechanism. Starting from the introduction of the development history of cryospheric climatology, this paper systematically explains its basic concepts and subject characteristics. Cryospheric climatology focuses on the role of cryosphere in the formation and anomaly of weather, climate, and general atmospheric circulations, the process and mechanism of interaction between cryosphere and atmosphere, the development of climate system model and cryosphere models, the projection of change in climate and cryosphere, and the service function of cryospheric climatology to social economy. We will continue to deepen the understanding of interaction process and mechanism between the cryosphere and the atmosphere, and promote the development of parameterization schemes for the processes of terrestrial cryosphere, marine cryosphere, and atmospheric cryosphere towards refinement, quantification, and complexity. In particular, we will focus on considering the spatial-temporal scales of nonlinear effects among different components and elements of the cryosphere. The development of global and regional climate system model coupled with cryosphere processes is the future trend of cryospheric climatology.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-02-27 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： Land use/cover change will interfere with the stable supply capacity of ecosystems, which in turn poses a threat to ecosystem services and sustainable development. Taking Urumqi City of Xinjiang, China, as the study area, this study simulates land use changes in Urumqi City under multiple scenarios in 2030 based on the patch- generating land use simulation (PLUS) model and combines the equivalent factor method and spatial autocorrelation analysis to estimate and project the ecosystem service value (ESV) and its trade-off synergy for 1990—2030 in Urumqi City. The results are as follows: (1) Land use in Urumqi City shows a trend of“two increases and four decreases”from 1990 to 2020. In the integrated development scenario, the area of built- up land increases, while the area of ecological land is also on the rise; in the key development scenario, the expansion of urban built-up land is the most drastic, and the area of arable land is severely degraded. (2) From 1990 to 2020, the trend of ESV in Urumqi City has a“V”shape. In 2030, ESV increases under the ecological protection scenario and the comprehensive development scenario and decreases under the inertia development scenario and the key development scenario. (3) Under the four development scenarios in 2030, the synergistic relationships among various ecosystem services in Urumqi City are primarily synergistic, with“high-high”and “low-low”synergistic aggregation areas coinciding highly with the distribution of high and low ESV values, and trade-off relationships sporadically distributed in local areas. These findings may serve as a basis for distributing ESVs in Urumqi City and can also provide scientific reference for the spatial planning of Urumqi City and the construction of ecological security patterns.
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