Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To compare the expression of pinopodes, the marker of endometrial receptivity, during the implantation window in Kunming mice stimulated with two different doses of raloxifene (RAL). Methods Forty-eight 8-week-old female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12), namely saline group, clomiphene citrate (CC, 18 mg/kg) group, RAL (33 mg/kg) group and RAL (44 mg/kg group). In each group, the mice received intragastric administration of 1 mL of normal saline containing CC or RAL at the specified doses or saline only as indicated for ovulation induction, once daily for 2 days. The mice received then injection with 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and mated and on day 4.5 of gestation, the pregnant mice were sacrificed for examination of the uterus with scanning electron microscopy. Results Abundant and well developed pinopodes were observed in the endometrium of the mice in the 2 RAL groups and in the saline control group. The mice in CC group showed obviously reduced endometrial pinopodes with poor development. Conclusions RAL at two different doses does not obviously affect the expression of pinopodes in the uterine epithelium of mice, suggesting the safety of RAL at these two doses for ovulation induction without causing adverse effects on endometrial receptivity.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-27 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) in enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a rat macrophage cell line and the effect of the media from PGE2-inuced rat macrophages on angiogenetic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Methods Western blotting and qPCR were employed to investigate the expressions of VEGF protein and mRNAs in rat macrophage cell line NR8383 stimulated by PGE2 in the presence or absence of EP2 receptor inhibitor (AH6809) and EP4 receptor inhibitor (AH23848). Conditioned supernatants were obtained from different NR8383 subsets to stimulate HUVECs, and the tube formation ability and migration of the HUVECs were assessed with Transwell assay. Results PGE2 stimulation significantly enhanced the expression of VEGF protein and mRNAs in NR8383 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The supernatants from NR8383 cells stimulated by PGE2 significantly enhanced tube formation ability of HUVECs (P<0.05) and promoted the cell migration. Such effects of PGE2 were blocked by the application of AH6809 and AH23848. Conclusion PGE2 can dose-dependently increase VEGF expression in NR8383 cells, and the supernatants derived from PGE2-stimulated NR8383 cells can induce HUVEC migration and accelerate the growth of tube like structures. PGE2 are essential to corpus luteum formation by stimulating macrophages to induce angiogenesis through EP2/EP4.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-27 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the role of endometrial macrophages in embryo implantation and in regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in mouse endometrium during the peri-implantation period. Method At D3.5 (D0.5 defined as the morning when a vaginal plug was observed), pregnant mice were divided randomly into experimental group, control group and blank group. In the experimental group, the mice were subjected to intrauterine injection of clodronate liposomes on the left side of uterus to eliminate the macrophages, and PBS liposomes on the right side. PBS liposomes and PBS were administered in the control and blank groups, respectively. The uterine tissues were collected on D5.5 and stained with trypan blue to show the implantation sites. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the percentage of F4/80 + CD11b + macrophages macrophages in the uterus. F4/80 + macrophage population within the endometrium and ovary and changes in VEGFA expression at the implantation and non-implantation sites were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results Endometrial F4/80 + CD11b + macrophages macrophages were significantly reduced by 74% following intrauterine injection of clodronate liposomes (P<0.05). The number of macrophages in the ovaries showed no significant difference among the 3 groups. In the experimental group, the left side of the uterine showed imcomplete cavity closure with a lower number of implantation site than the right side (2.20�.81 vs 5.10�.91, P<0.05). VEGFA expression at the implantation site were significantly decreased in the endometrium on the left side with macrophage suppression as compared with that on the right side (P<0.05). Conclusion Endometrial macrophages appear to modulate uterine receptivity by regulating the expression of VEGFA to affect embryo implantation, suggesting the important role of macrophages in embryo implantation.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of embryos selected using time-lapse microscopy and traditional morphological method in IVF/ICSI cycles and evaluate the clinical value of time-lapse microscopy in early embryo monitoring and selection. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 139 IVF/ICSI cycles with embryo selection based on time-lapse monitoring (TLM group, n=68) and traditional morphological method (control group, n=71). The βHCG-positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate were compared between the 2 groups. Subgroup analysis was performed in view of female patients’age and the fertilization type. Results The βHCG-positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were 66.2%, 61.8% and 47.1% in TLM group, significantly higher than those in the control group (47.9%, 43.7% and 30.3%, respectively; P<0.05). Compared with patients below 30 years of age, patients aged between 31 and 35 years benefited more from time-lapse monitoring with improved clinical outcomes. time-lapse monitoring significantly increased the βHCG-positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate for patients undergoing IVF cycles, but not for those undergoing ICSI or TESA cycles. Conclusion Compared with those selected using traditional morphological method, the embryos selected with time-lapse microscopy have better clinical outcomes, especially in older patients (31-35 years of age) and in IVF cycles.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To test whether intracytoplasmic injection of morphologically selected spermatozoa (IMSI) from patients with male factor infertility can improve the clinical and embryo development outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (ICSI-ET). Methods We performed IMSI for 82 couples diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia at high magnification (�600) and traditional ICSI for another 91 couples using testicular sperms. We also performed IMSI for 44 couples with teratozoospermia at high magnification (�600) and traditional ICSI for 71 patients using ejaculated sperms. The clinical and embryo development outcomes were compared between the cycles. Results For obstructive azoospermia, IMSI and ICSI showed no significant difference in the rates of cleavage (95.5% vs 96.7%), D3 top quality embryos (28.2% vs 29.2%), implantation (26.4% vs 32.3%), pregnancy (47.3% vs 50%), blastocyst formation (54.3% vs 54.6%), or abortion (14% vs 7.3%) (P> 0.05), but a significantly higher normal fertilization rate was achieved in IMSI group (84.3% vs 77% , P<0.05). For teratozoospermia, the 2 techniques resulted in no significant differences in the rates of cleavage (96.2% vs 95.2%), D3 top quality embryo (27.6% vs 27.1%), implantation (28.2% vs 30.7%), pregnancy (43.7% vs 43.2%), or abortion (9.7% vs 10.5%) (P> 0.05), but the normal fertilization rate (68% vs 75.5%) and the blastocyst formation rate (54.6% vs 67.9% ) were significantly higher in IMSI group (P<0.05). Conclusion IMSI can improve the normal fertilization rates in couples with male factor infertility (including obstructive azoospermia and teratozoospermia) and increase blastocyst formation rate in cases of azoospermia.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objectives To study the factors that affect the sex ratio of live births in procedures of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods The clinical data were collected from 4348 IVF-ET/freeze-thawed embryo transfer cycles that led to the birth of 5606 babies of known gender between 2008 and 2014. We assessed the impact of maternal age, paternal age, insemination method, the type of embryo transferred, stage of embryo transferred, single and twin births, previous abortion following ART, and cause of infertility on the sex ratio of the live births. Results The total cohort included 3019 male and 2588 female babies with a general sex ratio of 116:100. The sex ratio was 117:100 among singleton deliveries and 116:100 among twin deliveries. The sex ratio was 117:100 among the first births with ART treatment and 117:100 among the second births. For singleton deliveries an advanced maternal age or paternal age was significantly correlated with an elevated sex ratio of births (58.4% vs 52.8%, P= 0.012; 56.4% vs 52.3%, P=0.026), while ICSI was significantly correlated with a decreased sex ratio of births (45.7% vs 55.6%, P< 0.001); for twin deliveries, none of the these factors was significantly correlated with the sex ratio of birth. For the first baby born after ART treatment, an advanced maternal age was significantly related to an increased sex ratio of births (57.4% vs 53.0%, P= 0.009), while ICSI was significantly related to a decreased sex ratio of births (48.6% vs 55.4%, P=0.001); for the second baby born with ART treatment, none of these factors was significantly correlated with the sex ratio of birth. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maternal age (0R:0.836, 95% CI 0.731-0.955, P<0.05) and insemination method (0R:1.151, 95% CI 1.027-1.289, P<0.05) were significantly related to the sex ratio of birth, but in multivariable logistic regression analysis, after controlling for compounding factors, none of these factors was identified as independent predictive factors for sex ratio of births. Conclusions An advanced maternal age is related to a higher live birth sex ratio, while ICSI is related to a decreased percentage of male babies. For singleton deliveries, an advanced paternal age is related to a higher sex ratio of births.
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