Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： People are influenced by their emotional state and confused by environmental stimuli in anxiety, which leads to the deviation of time duration judgment. In this article, three experiments were conducted to explore the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, and the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias. Experiment 1 investigated the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Sixty college students participated and were randomly assigned to a high state anxiety group (n= 30, completed a procedure of anxious state induction) and a low state anxiety group (n= 30, completed a procedure of calm state induction). Then, the verbal estimation task was used to measure the retrospective time duration judgment. Experiment 2 investigated the mediating role of memory bias in the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment through measuring memory by the free recall task. Experiment 3 investigated the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias through measuring cognitive appraisal by the visual analogue mood scales. The results showed that (1) State anxiety had an effect on retrospective time duration judgment, namely, the high state anxiety individuals overestimate the duration than the low state anxiety individuals. (2) Memory bias played a mediating role in the relationship between state anxiety and retrospective time duration judgment. (3) Cognitive appraisal moderated the mediation effect of memory bias on the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Specifically, when the score of cognitive appraisal was low, memory bias played a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, while when the score of cognitive appraisal was high, memory bias did not play a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Therefore, the effect of state anxiety on college students’ retrospective time duration judgment was a moderated mediating effect. The results reveal the internal process of the retrospective time duration judgment of anxious individuals, which can verify the attention gate model and enrich the explanatory perspective of anxiety influencing the retrospective time duration judgment through memory bias, and provide an important reference for improving the time deviation of anxious individuals through the adjustment of cognitive appraisal.
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2022-06-17
Abstract：
People are influenced by their emotional state and confused by environmental stimuli in anxiety, which leads to the deviation of time duration judgment. In this article, three experiments were conducted to explore the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, and the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias.
Experiment 1 investigated the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Sixty college students participated and were randomly assigned to a high state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of anxious state induction) and a low state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of calm state induction). Then，the verbal estimation task was used to measure the retrospective time duration judgment. Experiment 2 investigated the mediating role of memory bias in the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment through measuring memory by the free recall task. Experiment 3 investigated the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias through measuring cognitive appraisal by the visual analogue mood scales.
The results showed that (1) State anxiety had an effect on retrospective time duration judgment, namely, the high state anxiety individuals overestimate the duration than the low state anxiety individuals. (2) Memory bias played a mediating role in the relationship between state anxiety and retrospective time duration judgment. (3) Cognitive appraisal moderated the mediation effect of memory bias on the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Specifically, when the score of cognitive appraisal was low, memory bias played a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, while when the score of cognitive appraisal was high, memory bias did not play a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment.
Therefore, the effect of state anxiety on college students’ retrospective time duration judgment was a moderated mediating effect. The results reveal the internal process of the retrospective time duration judgment of anxious individuals, which can verify the attention gate model and enrich the explanatory perspective of anxiety influencing the retrospective time duration judgment through memory bias, and provide an important reference for improving the time deviation of anxious individuals through the adjustment of cognitive appraisal.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-04-06
Abstract： Anxiety is associated with high levels of arousal. Both theoretical and empirical work have determined that when an individual experiences anxiety, he/she shows attentional bias toward negative stimuli. High arousal and negative attentional bias, as the two key characteristics of anxiety, are associated with a series of subjective feelings and experiences of individuals with state anxiety, among which time perception is significant. However, how this process operates remains an open question. In this article, we investigate how state anxious individuals perceive time, especially the roles of attention bias and cognitive appraisal in this process. Sixty college students participated in the study and were randomly assigned to a high state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of anxious state induction) and a low state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of calm state induction). Then，a 2 (high state anxiety group vs. low state anxiety group) × 2 (negative stimuli vs. neutral stimuli) × 3 (2000 ms vs. 4000 ms vs. 8000 ms) mixed-design experiment was conducted with the attentional bias as the mediator, the cognitive appraisal as the moderator and the time perception as the dependent variable. State anxiety was manipulated by an induction process, time perception was measured by the time reproduction task, attentional bias was measured by the dot-probe task and cognitive appraisal was assessed by the visual analogue mood scales. The results showed that (1) State anxiety had an effect on time perception, namely, individuals with high state anxiety overestimated the 2-second interval of the negative stimuli. (2) Attentional bias played a partial mediating role in the relationship between state anxiety and time perception of 2000 ms. (3) Cognitive appraisal moderated the mediation effect of attentional bias on the influence of state anxiety on time perception of 2000 ms. Specifically, when the score of cognitive appraisal was high, attentional bias played a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on time perception, while when the score of cognitive appraisal was low, attentional bias did not play a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on time perception. Therefore, the effect of state anxiety on college students’ time perception was a moderated mediating effect. The moderated mediating model significantly revealed the effect mechanism of state anxiety on college students’ time perception, which can contribute to a better understanding of how individuals in an anxious state perceive time. Furthermore, it suggests that the adjustment of cognitive appraisal or attentional bias is an important way to alleviate the time distortion of anxious individuals.
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment