Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China has officially established the first batch of national parks in 2021 and such construction is entering a high-speed stage. National parks of the country basically originate from existed protected areas, and face series of long-standing problems and challenges, such as over simplified administration, low community participation, and prominent contradictions between ecological conservation and social development. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme is the first flagship project of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for biodiversity and cultural diversity conservation, biosphere reserve is its implementation platform, which has accumulated a lot of useful experience in biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, management and governance models, and regular evaluation. This study summarizes the theories and practice of biosphere reserves related to the construction of national parks. Several suggestions are concluded for the establishment and management of national park, including strengthening the excavation, integration and utilization of cultural diversity, promoting the participation of communities, innovating governance models, establishing a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and brand appreciation, and formulating a comprehensive evaluation system.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since mid-1990s, Germany has developed the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) together with its biosphere reserves into a pathway of enhancing the nation’s role in global governance. Measures took by Germany include: clarifying the national position in the globalization of German MAB, including putting more emphasis on partnership development, highlighting the effectiveness of development assistance, and ensuring the clearance and feasibility of action plan; collecting resources from foreign affairs, finance, intellectual, technology, etc., by multi-federal sector collaborative mechanism, to support the development of biosphere reserves of other countries; thinking globally and taking priority over Africa region. The example indicated that the driving force behind the globalization of German MAB includes the flexibility on mechanism of MAB itself, and the correspondence and unification of common benefits of the nation and international community by the core mission of MAB. Based on the experience of Germany and in view of the challenge and opportunity in the area of international cooperation of China, the authors suggest Chinese government to: enhance the awareness of the advantage inherited in the brand, topic, and mechanism of MAB; incorporate MAB into the international strategy and action plan of China, and mobilize multi-sector resources especially coordinating governmental sectors of the area to collaboratively lead the globalization of China MAB with Chinese Academy of Sciences, and facilitating a full-chain support mechanism in the integration of policy makers, scientific researchers, finance suppliers, and livelihood service providers; consolidate the functions of demonstration and leadership of science and technology which have had a long term of accumulation in the development of MAB in China; further the future-oriented international cooperation between China and Germany in the area of MAB. From a long perspective, international strategy of China MAB aims on approaching global consensus favorably by ideas of ecological civilization and community of shared future for humans, and to enhance the South-South cooperation and South-North cooperation by the extensive and flexible platform of MAB, so as to make contributions to the sustainable development and other common issues in global governance. Moreover, in view of the current international situations full of huge challenges, globalization of China MAB would help to open a new window for the international cooperation of China from the enhanced effort for Europe and other regions thus further support the holistic diplomacy of China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Germany has integrated biosphere reserves into the national strategy of sustainable development, and has built an outstanding biosphere reserve system nationwide, which has played a key role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem, exploring sustainable use of natural resources, innovating social development models, prospering local economies and providing an important platform to carry out comprehensive research on human and nature relationship. The experience of Germany includes: long and solid accumulation in the development of protected areas; deep understanding from authorities and the folk of the concept of Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and the value of biosphere reserves, and more attention to their dissemination and popularization; strong support from federal and local governments in areas of politics, legislation, scientific research and international cooperation; full reflection of the demonstration value of biosphere reserves; innovative in the nomination and periodic review of biosphere reserves. Based on Germany’s experience, suggestions to China authorities include: enhancing awareness of the public about MAB and biosphere reserves; strengthening national support and promoting the creation of the “Chinese model” in the area of biosphere reserves; incorporating biosphere reserves into the legislation of protected area system underway; establishing national norms for the nomination and periodic review; strengthening international exchanges and cooperation, and jointly creating differentiated models of biosphere reserves development, so as to help pave a way for further development of MAB, and enable to establish a community of shared future for mankind.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It has been 50 years since UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme was launched in 1971. China joined this global inter-governmental scientific program in 1973, and the Chinese National Committee for the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB China) was founded in 1978, with the support of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in collaboration with other ministries engaged in the administration of environmental conservation, forestry, agriculture, education, ocean and atmosphere, and so on. Since then, MAB China has carried out diverse explorations combining the value of UNESCO-MAB and the needs of the natural reserves in China. MAB has played an important role in promoting biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of natural resources, ecological civilization of China. With the approaching of 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the 50th anniversary of MAB, the article reviews the progress of the implementation of MAB in China, analyzes the problems and challenges, and advances proposals in regard of the rising needs of global environmental governance and construction of community of shared life by cooperation within international community.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Previous studies have shown that sad music could evoke the aesthetic pleasure or other psychological benefits while inducing sadness. Based on these existing evidence, two major psychological theories have been proposed: one is the " dissociation theory ", the other is the" neutralization theory ". Both theories have been used to elaborate how sad music becomes pleasurable. However, neither can provide a comprehensive and reasonable explanation. Therefore, further exploration of the specific reward processing of sad music is of great significance. Future research need to clarify the neural basis of the existing psychological theories from the neurobiological perspectives.
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：基于某轴对称排气系统，建立了一种小中段偏径比(Sm/D)、出口偏径比(So/D)大于。的双S形二元排气系统模型。该双S形二元排气系统在除了上方探测面0到20的角度范围内，所研究的其余方位角均做到了喷管型面对排气系统内部涡轮等高温部件的遮挡。通过数值计算研究了双S形二元排气系统的推力和红外特性，并与基准轴对称排气系统进行了对比。结果表明:小中段偏径比和大长径比使双S形二元排气系统避免了推力损失，相比基准轴对称排气系统，该双S形二元排气系统的推力增加了0.2%;双S形二元排气系统的红外辐射强度在侧向探测面上最小，在上方探测面最大;相比基准轴对称排气系统，双S形二元排气系统在0。方位角降低了97%以上，在侧向、上方和下方探测面90。方向分别降低了62.1%, 26.1%和34.9% 。
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