分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 分类： 心理学 >> 心理测量 提交时间： 2020-03-03
摘要： 本文从可能性和可行性两方面介绍和论述了眼动技术在个体认知能力差异研究中的应用。在可能性方面，个体眼动特征具有的良好的重测信度和内部一致性信度；在可行性方面，已有研究利用注视和眼跳相关指标、眼动轨迹和瞳孔直径这三类指标对该问题进行探索，结果均发现这些眼动特征与认知能力之间存在着密切关系。今后研究应继续深入探索两者关系的内在认知和神经机制，并尝试结合人工智能算法开发高信效度的眼动认知测验。
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间： 2020-03-03
摘要： 脱落是指在心理咨询与治疗中，来访者由于种种原因在导致他前来寻求帮助的心理困扰或问题尚未解决之前就终止治疗的现象。研究者对脱落概念内涵的理解比较一致，但脱落的操作性定义存在多种且各有利弊。脱落在临床治疗中普遍存在；脱落率在跨研究间的结果差异很大，并受到脱落的操作性定义和研究设计类型的重要影响。传统的静态的变量在预测脱落时存在明显局限，治疗同盟等治疗过程预测变量近年来得到更多重视，并丰富了我们对来访者脱落的深入理解。为减少脱落，研究者建议为来访者提供治疗前准备，对治疗过程中的关键变量进行评估并根据具体情况采用合适的干预策略。未来研究需要完善脱落的操作性定义，更多地在自然治疗设置下进行研究，进一步深化脱落的预测变量研究，并关注治疗外重要事件及文化背景对脱落的影响。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 分类： 农、林、牧、渔 >> 园艺学 提交时间： 2020-03-03
摘要： Background: Aneuploidy, a condition caused by an imbalance between the relative dosages of chromosomes, generally produces a novel phenotype specific to the molecular karyotype. Few techniques are currently available for detecting the molecular karyotypes of aneuploids in plants. Methods: By PCR amplification of 209 pairs of SSR primers, 17 pairs of SSR primers with no polymorphism and stable amplification in 23 different ploidy loquat were screened out. Seventeen SSR markers combined with qPCR for detection of aneuploid loquat H39 (2n=2x+5=39) karyotype variation. To verify the method for detection of aneuploid karyotype variation, 9 hybrid offspring of Q24 × ‘Huabai No. 1’ and 16 open-pollination progeny of the triploid loquat A313 and A322 were obtained, and we detected their chromosome numbers using conventional cytological methods. The SSR-qPCR method was used to detect the molecular karyotypes of aneuploids in the 9 hybrid offspring of Q24 × ‘Huabai No. 1’ and 16 open-pollination progeny of the triploid loquat A313 and A322. Results: Based on this imbalance in chromosome dosage, a new approach (referred to as ‘SSR-qPCR’) combining simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) has been developed and utilized to detect some common aneuploids irrespective of heterozygosity. We screened 17 specific SSR markers covering all loquat linkage groups and redesigned 6 pairs of primers for SSR markers that can detect loquat chromosome aneuploidies. The SSR-qPCR detection results obtained for hybrid progeny and open-pollination progeny of triploid loquat showed diagnostic accuracies of 88.9% and 62.5%, respectively, compared with the chromosome preparation results. Limitations: Loquat genome sequences have not been published, available SSR markers are currently limited. Conclusion: SSR-qPCR can detect loquat aneuploids and be used to construct the entire molecular karyotypes of aneuploid individuals. Therefore, this method offers a novel alternative for the detection of chromosome aneuploidies.
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