Subjects: Computer Science >> Information Security submitted time 2023-04-18
Abstract：开源、共享和协同的软件开发模式促进了互联网、人工智能等领域繁荣发展，但在这种模式下软件开发的复杂性日益增加，体现在依靠大量开发者共同开发一个软件、频繁调用第三方代码库以及管理维护庞大的整体代码量。这种复杂的软件开发模式导致了在开发层面很大概率会引入安全漏洞。例如软件开发者不可避免地需要调用第三方代码库，却缺乏对第三方代码库的安全性的保证，导致了由于调用不可靠的第三方代码库引入了可以被攻击者利用的漏洞，带来信息泄漏和篡改的风险。一旦一个经常使用的第三发库发现漏洞，受影响的往往是大量使用这个库开发的软件。软件安全漏洞中最主要是内存访问漏洞。针对这些内存访问漏洞带来的软件安全挑战，学术界和工业界提出了一系列软硬件内存防护方法。这些防护方法一方面通过数据流完整性技术（Data Flow Integrity，简称 DFI），对非可信的软件代码的数据流进行严格的检查和限制，通过对数据边界的越界检查或者数据来源的合规性检查等来防止对内存的非法操作。这其中代表性的工作包括工业界中 Intel 公司提出的 MPX 和 MPK 技术、ARM 公司的 MTE 技术以及英国剑桥大学主导的 CHERI 安全体系结构等。另一方面通过控制流完整性技术（Control Flow Integrity，简称 CFI）来防止恶意的控制流劫持，例如 Intel 的 CET 技术、ARM 公司的 BTI 技术和 PA 等技术。但是这些内存防护方法不同程度地存在着隔离划分对象粒度过粗、安全元数据容易遭受攻击或者硬件实现/性能开销过大以及需要对现有第三方代码进行大幅修改和重新编译的问题。我们提出了 DASICS 安全处理器设计方案，以解决现有安全防护技术的隔离对象粒度过粗、元数据安全性低、性能开销过大的问题，并关注先前工作较少关注的权限动态划分、同一级地址空间内的内存保护和跨层调用检查。实现一种基于代码片段做权限动态划分的安全处理器设计，提供硬件辅助的高效软件内存防护，保障第三方代码的安全调用和运行，为基于开源开放的软件开发提供坚实的安全保障和支撑。
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer System Architecture Subjects: Computer Science >> Information Security submitted time 2023-04-18
Abstract：开源、共享和协同的软件开发模式促进了互联网、人工智能等领域繁荣发展，但在这种模式下软件开发的复杂性日益增加，体现在依靠大量开发者共同开发一个软件、频繁调用第三方代码库以及管理维护庞大的整体代码量。这种复杂的软件开发模式导致了在开发层面很大概率会引入安全漏洞。例如软件开发者不可避免地需要调用第三方代码库，却缺乏对第三方代码库的安全性的保证，导致了由于调用不可靠的第三方代码库引入了可以被攻击者利用的漏洞，带来信息泄漏和篡改的风险。一旦一个经常使用的第三发库发现漏洞，受影响的往往是大量使用这个库开发的软件。软件安全漏洞中最主要是内存访问漏洞。针对这些内存访问漏洞带来的软件安全挑战，学术界和工业界提出了一系列软硬件内存防护方法。这些防护方法一方面通过数据流完整性技术（Data Flow Integrity，简称 DFI），对非可信的软件代码的数据流进行严格的检查和限制，通过对数据边界的越界检查或者数据来源的合规性检查等来防止对内存的非法操作。这其中代表性的工作包括工业界中 Intel 公司提出的 MPX 和 MPK 技术、ARM 公司的 MTE 技术以及英国剑桥大学主导的 CHERI 安全体系结构等。另一方面通过控制流完整性技术（Control Flow Integrity，简称 CFI）来防止恶意的控制流劫持，例如 Intel 的 CET 技术、ARM 公司的 BTI 技术和 PA 等技术。但是这些内存防护方法不同程度地存在着隔离划分对象粒度过粗、安全元数据容易遭受攻击或者硬件实现/性能开销过大以及需要对现有第三方代码进行大幅修改和重新编译的问题。我们提出了 DASICS 安全处理器设计方案，以解决现有安全防护技术的隔离对象粒度过粗、元数据安全性低、性能开销过大的问题，并关注先前工作较少关注的权限动态划分、同一级地址空间内的内存保护和跨层调用检查。实现一种基于代码片段做权限动态划分的安全处理器设计，提供硬件辅助的高效软件内存防护，保障第三方代码的安全调用和运行，为基于开源开放的软件开发提供坚实的安全保障和支撑。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The allocation of science and technology resources and the organization of science and technology forces, which has always been connected intrinsically with the nation’s development, has adopted different models, undertaken different missions, and played different roles in different stages of the development. This paper conducts a review and analysis on the major challenges faced by the nation, assignment of scientific tasks, organization of science and technology forces, and the output of scientific achievements, from the perspectives of “from standing upright to becoming prosperous and growing in strength”. It aims to provide a deep understanding of the nation’s focus on the state key laboratory reconstruction, as an important tool to facilitate the deepening of the science and technology system reform, and the exploration of the new nationwide system.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the new era, China needs more rational, firm, dialectical, and practical cultural confidence in the field of computational technology. The study conducted rigorous literature research, and established the correspondence between the ancient Chinese ideologies and different focuses of computation. The study proposes the computation concept genealogy (i.e., potential, power, arithmetic, algorithm, and ritual of computation) to deepen the multi-dimensional understanding of the concept of computation, and gives some suggestions for cultivating the computational culture that is facing the world and is of Chinese characteristics.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： How to development key technologies requires understanding the principles of technology evolution. This study proposes that the development process of key technologies follows the Metcalf’s Law. Furthermore, this paper presents two principles of the development of key technologies from different angles. Finally, several suggestions are raised.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In recent years, there are such significant improvements on the performance and efficiency of big data technology and system. As it is widely applied in various fields, big data has empowered industrial intelligence, and is the key step into the intelligent stage of information society. Therefore, we are facing greater challenges nowadays, such as the paradox of data flooding and high-value data lacking, the complexity and uncertainty of big data analysis, and the difficulty to balance the data on sharing and circulation, and trustworthiness and security. Moreover, these challenges will not only promote the innovation and change of big data technology, but also develop and establish a new technology system. With respect to the requirements of new architecture, new paradigm, new model and security and trustworthiness, this study proposes to build a new big data analyzing and processing system stack, explore the new paradigm of extracting big data value, and outlook on the pioneer applications as the traction to a broad range of fields.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The world is entering a new era of human-cyber-physical ternary computing with diverse intelligent applications over trillions of devices. This calls for a new type of cyberinfrastructure characterized by a planet-scale, high-goodput, low-entropy computing network, colloquially named Information Superbahn. This article highlights the vision of Information Superbahn, including fundamental requirements, key scientific problems, and a candidate system architecture. The goal of building the Information Superbahn is to natively support human#2;cyber-physical systems and low-entropy computing modes, to reduce the effects of systems disorder. Compared with existing network computing systems, such as Internet, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things, Information Superbahn aims to achieving higher system goodput and application quality of service.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： RISC-Ⅴ has been obtained huge attentions and extensively invested over the past decade due to its exciting slogan that “Instruction Sets Want to be Free”. Based on RISC-Ⅴ, we are able to build a “human community with a shared future” in the CPU chip area, although thereare still many challenges. China should explore its capability to make more contributions in building the open-source chip ecosystem.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The world is entering a new period of information society dominated by digital economy. To adapt to the requirements of the new development stage of China, and to achieve the key technologies development, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a new self#2;reliance and self-improvement IT technique system. The article gives some thoughts on the demand, principle, and key method on above issues, and the new paradigm of research at Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Self-reliance and self-strengthening at high level does not depend on a single technique, but on the formation of an advantageous national tech-system, so called “country-as-a-platform”. Information tech-system refers to the whole one that closely connects devices, components, complete machine, system software, middleware, and application software with a series of technical standards and intellectual property rights. We are entering the IT 3.0 era characterized by integration of human-cyber-physical world. The IT 3.0 era will certainly produce a new tech-system different from the IT 1.0 and IT 2.0 eras, which is a rare opportunity for China to build a self-reliance and self-strengthening tech-system. In the future, the information industry ecology will develop in the direction of domain-specific oriented and China’s advantages will be fully reflected in the future competition. The following principles should be paid attention to in the construction of information tech#2;system: (1) correctly deal with the dialectical and unified relationship between self-reliance and open cooperation. We should actively integrate into the global innovation network and make China a broad stage for global scientific and technological opening and cooperation. (2) Before revolutionary devices enter the market on a large scale, the hope of improving computer performance and energy efficiency mainly lies in the innovation of architecture. We should focus on the development of cross layer vertical optimization technology in various fields, and defeat the once mainstream general-purpose chips with acceleration chips and systems suitable for different scenarios. (3) Develop open source ecology and build a community of technological destiny. Open source is not only an effective way to win the strong with the weak and break the technology monopoly, but also an important way to build a self-reliance and self-strengthening tech-system in China. (4) Mainly develop domain specific industrial ecology. The information field has an important characteristic different from other fields: the new market is much larger than the old market. Large market means many innovation scenarios, and the future market of a subdivided field can form a large enough industrial ecology. Another feature of China is that there are many developers, we therefore have the natural advantage in development of domain-specific architecture (DSA). (5) Vigorously develop agile design and agile manufacturing. The cost of chip design is very high, which cause high professional threshold. In the era of ubiquitous interconnection, there is a sharp contradiction between the high demand for chips and the high cost of chip design. Agile design is the most effective way to deal with fragmented application scenarios. This paper briefly introduces eight articles on this special issue of “Build and Strengthen China’s Information Tech-system”. These articles focus on the choice of future technology direction and scientific research mode, which to a certain extent reflects the efforts and expectations of Chinese scientific and technological researchers to explore and establish a new information tech- system.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： none
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Independence and openness are equally important for the development of science and technology industries in an increasingly competitive international environment. Independence serves as our backup force, while openness allows us to participate fully in global division of labor and collaboration and to gain competitive edge. This paper analyzes the fundamental technology innovations in the history of computer industry: the mobile chip ARM and the mobile OS Android, as well as the developing intelligent computer industry, and explores how to build an applied science and technology system with competitive edge under the new international competitive environment. Two conclusions are drawn as follows. First, independence and full sharing of the benefits of international division of labor and cooperation must be based on the fundamental technology innovation starting from the source or backbone. Intelligent computer offers an opportunity for China to establish an independent and open industry. Second, only by changing the evaluative methodology and metric from simply centering on the citation number of papers to emphasizing fundamental technology innovation starting from the source or backbone, changing the top-heavy discipline layout, emphasizing intellectual property rights protection and making full use of international intelligence to carry out division and cooperation, can an applied science and technology system with internationally competitive edge be established.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the rapid development of Internet technologies, the main applications of high performance computing (HPC) are changing form scientific and engineering applications to those focusing on data processing. This situation poses grave challenges for traditional high performance computing architecture, thus high throughput computing (HTC) comes into being. This paper explains the difference between HPC and HTC according to the application features, as well as introduces the basic theory and key technologies of HTC. We also show the research results of HTC chips and systems. Through the breakthrough of above HTC key technologies, it is expected to relieve the bottleneck of core chips, and make due contribution to the China’s new high performance platform in the era of intelligent Internet of Things (IoT).
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： High performance computing technology and industry have been developing and flourishing. From serving the only demand for peak performance of national strategic departments to serving market-driving, application promotion, and industrialization advancement, China’s high performance computing has surpassed the three mountains of “breaking blockade”, “breaking monopoly”, and “leading innovation”, gradually narrowing the gap with foreign advanced research and development level, and has achieved worldleading achievements in the design of the whole machine system and other key technologies. In this paper, we analyze the trend of the development of super-computer and the way of the development modes of Sugon super computer, then summarize the challenges of high-performance computers into two points: the sustainable construction of Exascale before the failure of Moore’s law and the revolutionary technology of super-computer system in post-Moore’s law era. In response to these challenges, the paper elaborates policy recommendations for “facing the world’s scientific and technological frontiers, facing the country’s major needs, and facing the national economy’s main battlefield”.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Open source has become an essential innovation model for global technological progress and the construction of an open source innovation system is an important path for China to achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology. As an indispensable part of the global software value chain and high-tech industry chain, China needs to improve its open source innovation ecosystem. The paper, based on a systematic review of the related development policies and successful experiences on the open source work in US and Europe, puts forward a series of policy suggestions to solve the practical problems faced by the construction of open source ecosystem and promote the construction of an open source innovation system in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Information technology is deeply penetrating into all walks of life. Through the acquisition of massive data, modeling and analysis in the information space, it has become an effective means to solve practical problems in the information society. At present, China is vigorously implementing black soil conservation projects. Aiming at the complex system protection engineering,it is necessary to rely on the strength of information technology to carry out problem modeling and algorithm solving in the process of black soil utilization and protection, and find the best protection way through simulation and emulation. Based on the analysis of the black land protection measures worldwide, the study puts forward the design idea of agricultural simulator based on the fifth paradigm from the perspective of intelligent technology, gives the organizational structure of the total factor agricultural simulator, and realizes the rapid operation and iteration of data flow through the intelligent OODA (observe, orient, decide, act) loop to continuously optimize the black soil protection technology. Finally, the study proposes the idea and framework of building agricultural simulator in the black land protection demonstration area, as well as the policy suggestions for the application and promotion of agricultural simulator in the process of black land protection.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study first introduces the background and status quo of the national strategy of New Infrastructure Construction. Next, the study systematically reviews the development and impact of information infrastructure testbed in USA, as well as the new challenge for information infrastructure in the intelligent era of the ternary integration of man-machine-things. Then, we propose the Information Superbahn technology innovation program and the OneComputer project, which is a large-scale testbed for the next generation information infrastructure. Furthermore, we present the latest progress and some thoughts about methodology of this large project. Finally, this study looks into the project’s future development under the national strategy of New Infrastructure Construction.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the past few decades, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has experienced project oriented scientific research and subject oriented scientific research, and has made great contributions to China’s scientific and technological development in many fields. Facing a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, a new development idea for scientific research, that is, problem oriented scientific research, is put forward. This paper presents some thoughts on the connotation and management methods of problem oriented scientific research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China leaders have been always emphasizing both openness and self-reliance over the past decades. However, it is challenging for institutes and researchers to properly deal with the two requirements which are considered to be unachievable at the same time. In this study, we propose four openness modes as well as two principles for handling openness and self-reliance in the development of science and technology. This paper presents the case study on how Chinese computer pioneers made strategical decisions on the openness and self-reliance in the very early age of Chinese computer history. We also retrospect the practice of openness in the history of the development of science and technology in China. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of adopting the open#2;source mode to achieve both openness and self-reliance in the processor area.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The development of data science is valuable to clarify the theoretical boundary of data science, and provides new possibilities and opportunities for the sustainable development of computing intelligence. Meanwhile, the development of computing intelligence and the emergence of new intelligence paradigms can offer new chance for applications of big data in various industries and fields. This paper discusses the connotation of data science, the development of computing intelligence, the new intelligence paradigm, and lists the key applications leading the development of data science and computing intelligence. Furthermore, based on the discussion during the 667th Xiangshan Science Conference, seven key problems of data science and computing technology are proposed, anticipating to attract attentions of both researchers and applications in related fields, grasping the opportunity of the era, and promoting sustainable development of data science and computing intelligence.
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