分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: In this talk, I first summarize our current knowledge about the fundamental properties of neutrinos and emphasize the remaining unsolved problems in neutrino physics. Then, recent theoretical results on neutrino mass models are introduced. Different approaches to understanding tiny neutrino masses, lepton flavor mixing and CP violation are presented. Finally, I report briefly some new progress in the studies of astrophysical neutrinos, including keV sterile neutrinos, supernova neutrinos and ultrahigh-energy cosmic neutrinos.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-13
摘要: An overview of neutrino electromagnetic properties, which open a door to the new physics beyond the Standard Model, is given. The effects of neutrino electromagnetic interactions both in terrestrial experiments and in astrophysical environments are discussed. The experimental bounds on neutrino electromagnetic characteristics are summarized. Future astrophysical probes of electromagnetic neutrinos are outlined.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-06
摘要: Both active and sterile sub-eV neutrinos can form the cosmic neutrino background in the early Universe. We consider the beta-decaying (e.g., 3H) and EC-decaying (e.g., 163Ho) nuclei as the promising targets to capture relic neutrinos in the laboratory. We calculate the capture rates of relic electron neutrinos and antineutrinos against the corresponding beta decay or electron capture (EC) decay backgrounds in the (3+Ns) flavor mixing scheme, and discuss the future prospect in terms of the PTOLEMY project. We stress that such direct measurements of hot DM might not be hopeless in the long term.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: The theory and phenomenology of light sterile neutrinos at the eV mass scale is reviewed. The reactor, Gallium and LSND anomalies are briefly described and interpreted as indications of the existence of short-baseline oscillations which require the existence of light sterile neutrinos. The global fits of short-baseline oscillation data in 3+1 and 3+2 schemes are discussed, together with the implications for beta-decay and neutrinoless double-beta decay. The cosmological effects of light sterile neutrinos are briefly reviewed and the implications of existing cosmological data are discussed. The review concludes with a summary of future perspectives.
分类: 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间: 2017-11-10
摘要: If massive neutrinos are Dirac particles, the proposed PTOLEMY experiment will hopefully be able to discover cosmic neutrino background via e+3H ! 3He+e with a capture rate of D 4 yr1. Recently, it has been pointed out that right-handed com-ponents of Dirac neutrinos could also be copiously produced in the early Universe and become an extra thermal or nonthermal ingredient of cosmic relic neutrinos, enhancing the capture rate to D 5:1 yr1 or D 6:1 yr1. In this work, we investigate the possibility to distinguish between thermal and nonthermal spectra of cosmic relic neu-trinos by measuring the annual modulation of the capture rate. For neutrino masses of 0:1 eV, we have found the amplitude of annual modulation in the standard case is M 0:05%, which will be increased to 0:1% and 0:15% in the presence of additional thermal and nonthermal right-handed neutrinos, respectively. The future detection of such a modulation will be helpful in understanding the Majorana or Dirac nature of massive neutrinos.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: We explore the electron neutrino signals from light dark matter (DM) annihilation in the Sun for the large liquid scintillator detector JUNO. In terms of the spectrum features of three typical DM annihilation channels χχ→νν¯,τ+τ−,bb¯, we take two sets of selection conditions to calculate the expected signals and atmospheric neutrino backgrounds based on the Monte Carlo simulation data. Then the JUNO sensitivities to the spin independent DM-nucleon and spin dependent DM-proton cross sections are presented. It is found that the JUNO projected sensitivities are much better than the current spin dependent direct detection experimental limits for the νν¯ and τ+τ− channels. In the spin independent case, the JUNO will give the better sensitivity to the DM-nucleon cross section than the LUX and CDMSlite limits for the νν¯ channel with the DM mass lighter than 6.5 GeV. If the νν¯ or τ+τ− channel is dominant, the future JUNO results are very helpful for us to understand the tension between the DAMA annual modulation signal and other direct detection exclusions.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: Motivated by the recent observation of an excess in the eejj channel by the CMS collaboration we investigate the search for heavy Majorana neutrinos stemming from a composite model scenario at the upcoming LHC Run II at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV. While previous studies of the composite Majorana neutrino were focussed on gauge interactions via magnetic type transition coupling between ordinary and heavy fermions (with mass m∗) here we complement the composite model with contact interactions at the energy scale Λ and we find that the production cross sections are dominated by such contact interactions by roughly two/three orders of magnitude. This mechanism provides therefore very interesting rates at the prospected luminosities. We study the same sign di-lepton and di-jet signature (pp→ℓℓjj) and we discuss how it can account for the excess in the eejj invariant mass distribution, and perform a fast detector simulation based on DELPHES. We compute 3σ and 5σ contour plots of the statistical significance in the parameter space (Λ,m∗). We find that the potentially excluded regions at s√=13 TeV are quite larger than those excluded so far at Run I considering searches with other signatures.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-10
摘要: A search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in events containing a pair of high-pT leptons of the same charge and high-pT jets is presented. The search uses 20.3fb−1 of pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The data are found to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis based on the Standard Model expectation. In the context of a Type-I seesaw mechanism, limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for production of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the mass range between 100 and 500 GeV. The limits are subsequently interpreted as limits on the mixing between the heavy Majorana neutrinos and the Standard Model neutrinos. In the context of a left-right symmetric model, limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio are set with respect to the masses of heavy Majorana neutrinos and heavy gauge bosons WR and Z′.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-07
摘要: A search is performed for heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) using an event signature defined by two muons of the same charge and two jets (mu+/- mu+/- jj). The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. No excess of events is observed beyond the expected standard model background and upper limits are set on abs(V[mu,N])^2 as a function of Majorana neutrino mass m[N] for masses in the range of 40-500 GeV, where V[mu,N] is the mixing element of the heavy neutrino with the standard model muon neutrino. The limits obtained are abs(V[mu,N])^2 < 0.00470 for m[N] = 90 GeV, abs(V[mu,N])^2 < 0.0123 for m[N] = 200 GeV, and abs(V[mu,N])^2 < 0.583 for m[N] = 500 GeV. These results extend considerably the regions excluded by previous direct searches.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-05
摘要: We study the purely leptonic decays of W±→e±e±μ∓ν and μ±μ±e∓ν produced at the LHC, induced by sterile neutrinos with mass mN below MW in the intermediate state. Since the final state neutrino escapes detection, one cannot tell whether this process violates lepton number, what would indicate a Majorana character for the intermediate sterile neutrino. Our study shows that when the sterile neutrino mixings with electrons and muons are different enough, one can still discriminate between the Dirac and Majorana character of this intermediate neutrino by simply counting and comparing the above decay rates. After performing collider simulations and statistical analysis, we find that at the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1, for two benchmark scenarios mN = 20 GeV and 50 GeV, at least a 3σ level of exclusion on the Dirac case can be achieved for disparities as mild as e.g. |UNe|2<0.7 |UNμ|2 or |UNμ|2<0.7 |UNe|2, provided that |UNe|2, |UNμ|2 are both above ∼2×10−6.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-08-22
摘要: A search is performed for heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) decaying into a W boson and a lepton using the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A signature of two jets and either two same sign electrons or a same sign electron-muon pair is searched for using 19.7 inverse femtobarns of data collected during 2012 in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data are found to be consistent with the expected standard model (SM) background and, in the context of a Type-1 seesaw mechanism, upper limits are set on the cross section times branching fraction for production of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the mass range between 40 and 500 GeV. The results are additionally interpreted as limits on the mixing between the heavy Majorana neutrinos and the SM neutrinos. In the mass range considered, the upper limits range between 0.00015 - 0.72 for |V[eN]|^2 and 6.6E-5 - 0.47 for |V[eN] V*[muN]|^2 / ( |V[eN]|^2 + |V[muN]|^2 ), where V[lN] is the mixing element describing the mixing of the heavy neutrino with the SM neutrino of flavour l. These limits are the most restrictive direct limits for heavy Majorana neutrino masses above 200 GeV.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: It remains to be determined experimentally if massive neutrinos are Majorana or Dirac particles. In this connection, it has been recently suggested that the detection of cosmic neutrino background of left-handed neutrinos νL and right-handed antineutrinos ν¯¯¯R in future experiments of neutrino capture on beta-decaying nuclei (e.g., νe+3H→3He+e− for the PTOLEMY experiment) is likely to distinguish between Majorana and Dirac neutrinos, since the capture rate is twice larger in the former case. In this paper, we investigate the possible impact of right-handed neutrinos on the capture rate, assuming that massive neutrinos are Dirac particles and both right-handed neutrinos νR and left-handed antineutrinos ν¯¯¯L can be efficiently produced in the early Universe. It turns out that the capture rate can be enhanced at most by 28% due to the presence of relic νR and ν¯¯¯L with a total number density of 95 cm−3, which should be compared to the number density 336 cm−3 of cosmic neutrino background. The enhancement has actually been limited by the latest cosmological and astrophysical bounds on the effective number of neutrino generations Neff=3.14+0.44−0.43 at the 95% confidence level. For illustration, two possible scenarios have been proposed for thermal production of right-handed neutrinos in the early Universe.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: In the presence of both direct and indirect unitarity violation in the lepton mixing matrix, we derive a complete set of series expansion formulas for neutrino oscillation probabilities in matter of constant density. Expansions in the mass hierarchy parameter α≡Δm221/Δm231 and those unitarity violation parameters s2ij (for i = 1, 2, 3 and j = 4, 5, 6) up to the first order are studied in this paper. We analyse the accuracy of the analytical series expansion formulas in different regions of L / E. A detailed numerical analysis is also performed, of which the different effects of the direct and the indirect unitarity violation are particularly emphasized. We also study in this paper the summed να→νe,ν,τprobabilities, whose deviation from the unity provides a definite signal of the unitarity violation.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-05
摘要: Future large liquid-scintillator detectors can be implemented to observe neutrinos from a core-collapse supernova (SN) in our galaxy in various reaction channels: (1) The inverse beta decay ν¯¯¯e+p→n+e+; (2) The elastic neutrino-proton scattering ν+p→ν+p; (3) The elastic neutrino-electron scattering ν+e−→ν+e−; (4) The charged-current νe interaction νe+12C→e−+12N; (5) The charged-current ν¯¯¯e interaction ν¯¯¯e+12C→e++12B; (6) The neutral-current interaction ν+12C→ν+12C∗. The less abundant 13C atoms in the liquid scintillator are also considered as a target, and both the charged-current interaction νe+13C→e−+13N and the neutral-current interaction ν+13C→ν+13C∗ are taken into account. In this work, we show for the first time that a global analysis of all these channels at a single {liquid-}scintillator detector, such as Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), is very important to test the average-energy hierarchy of SN neutrinos and how the total energy is partitioned among neutrino flavors. In addition, the dominant channels for reconstructing neutrino spectra and the impact of other channels are discussed in great detail.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-13
摘要: Sterile neutrinos of keV masses are one of the most promising candidates for the warm dark matter, which could solve the small-scale problems encountered in the scenario of cold dark matter. We present a detailed study of the production of such sterile neutrinos in a supernova core, and derive stringent bounds on the active-sterile neutrino mixing angles and sterile neutrino masses based on the standard energy-loss argument.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: In this paper, we study the detection of accelerator neutrinos produced at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Using the code FLUKA, we have simulated the production of neutrinos in the proton beam on the tungsten target and obtained the yield efficiency, numerical flux, and average energy of different flavors of neutrinos. Furthermore, detections of these accelerator neutrinos are investigated in two reaction channels, the neutrino-electron reactions and neutrino-carbon reactions. The event numbers of different flavors of neutrinos have also been calculated.
分类: 物理学 >> 基本粒子与场物理学 提交时间: 2016-05-15
摘要: In the minimal supersymmetric standard model extended by including right-handed neutrinos with seesaw mechanism, the neutrino Yukaka couplings can be as large as the top-quark Yukawa couplings and thus the neutrino/sneutrino may cause sizable effects in Higgs boson self-energy loops. Our explicit one-loop calculations show that the neutrino/sneutrino effects may have an opposite sign to top/stop effects and thus lighten the lightest Higgs boson. If the soft-breaking mass of the right-handed neutrino is very large (at the order of Majorana mass scale), such as in the split-supersymmetry (SUSY) scenario, the effects can lower the lightest Higgs boson mass by a few tens of GeV. So the Higgs mass bound of about 150 GeV in split-SUSY may be lowered significantly if right-handed neutrinos come into play with seesaw mechanism.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间: 2023-08-27
摘要: As a unique probe, precision measurement of textit{pp} solar neutrinos is important for studying the Sun's energy mechanism, monitoring thermodynamic equilibrium, and studying neutrino oscillation in the vacuum-dominated region. For a large-scale liquid scintillator detector, one bottleneck for textit{pp} solar neutrino detection comes from pile-up events of intrinsic $^{14}$C decays. This paper presents a few approaches to discriminate textit{pp} solar neutrinos and $^{14}$C pile-up events by considering the difference in their time and spatial distributions. In this work, a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation is constructed. Then multivariate analysis and deep learning technology were adopted respectively to investigate the capability of $^{14}$C pile-up reduction. As a result, the BDTG model and VGG network showed good performance in discriminating textit{pp} solar neutrinos and $^{14}$C double pile-up events. hl{At the $^{14}$C concentration assumption $5 times10^{-18} g/g$,} their signal significance can achieve 10.3 and 15.6 using only one day of statistics. In this case, the signal efficiency is 51.1 % for discrimination using the BDTG model when rejecting 99.18 % $^{14}$C double pile-up events, and the signal efficiency is 42.7 % for the case using the VGG network when rejecting 99.81 % $^{14}$C double pile-up events.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要: Nuclear double --decay with two neutrinos is an important decay mode for some unstable nuclei. Based on the available experimental data of nuclear double --decay, we propose that there is a law between the logarithm of double --decay half-lives and the reciprocal of the decay energy. The physics behind the law is discussed and it is found that this is associated with the universal properties of the weak interaction. This double --decay law is similar to the famous Geiger-Nuttall law of -decay. The law is applied to predictions of the nuclear double --decay half-lives for six even-even nuclei from Z=84 to Z=98 and we found that 232Th is very interesting for future experiments. The branching ratios between double --decay and -decay are also estimated for the six even-even nuclei and this is useful for future experimental search of new emitters of double --decay.