• 替代稳态下阜康北部荒漠生态弹性的时空格局

    Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2023-05-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract: The ecological resilience of desert ecosystems under alternative stable states reflects the ecosystem’s ability to recover from environmental disturbances, which has important theoretical implications for understanding the desert ecosystem processes. Recent research has focused on some intensively studied ecosystems such as lakes and forests, whereas studies related to the ecological resilience of desert ecosystems have hardly considered alternative stable states as well as the temporal changes in resilience. In this study, based on the MODIS global vegetation index from January 2001 to December 2020, we used Breaks for Additive Season and Trend and state- space modeling to determine the temporal- spatial pattern of ecological resilience under alternative stable states quantified by the exit times for a transect extending from the southern edge to the hinterland of Gurbantunggut Desert in north Fukang. Moreover, mechanisms underlying the temporal- spatial pattern of ecological resilience were explored. The results of this study indicated the following: (1) Resilience+ and Resilience− showed a decreasing trend within the study period but with significant differences between the southern edge and the hinterland of the desert. (2) Ecological resilience also showed a lagged response to precipitation changes. (3) Differences in the seasonal patterns of precipitation could weaken the correlation between precipitation and ecological resilience. In summary, the spatial distribution of ecological resilience is generally controlled by the precipitation patterns, but the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation due to site conditions increases the complexity of the spatial distribution of ecological resilience, with the relationship between ecological resilience and precipitation resulting from the combined effects of the composition of vegetation, adaptation of plants to changes in precipitation, and the seasonal pattern of precipitation. Our study is important for understanding the mechanisms that desert ecosystems utilize to maintain functional stability as well as in desert conservation and ecological restoration.

  • 角果碱蓬异型性种子植株生长生理指标的差异研究

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-12-12 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:采用盆栽试验比较分析在同一栽培条件下,不同居群角果碱蓬(Suaeda corniculata)异型性种子植株的生长、光合色素含量、盐分离子含量和N、P、K含量的差异性,以探讨角果碱蓬适应干旱区盐碱环境的生理生态机制。结果表明:(1)棕色和黑色种子植株在生长、光合色素含量、盐分离子含量和N、P、K含量差异不显著,而新疆和内蒙古角果碱蓬植株在生长发育与生理指标上存在显著性差异。(2)居群类型显著影响植株地上部干重,而不显著影响根部干重;叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素a+b含量和类胡萝卜素含量均未显著受到居群类型和植株类型的影响,表明角果碱蓬不同居群的植株光合功能相似。(3)新疆与内蒙古居群的角果碱蓬体内Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO42-离子含量和P、K含量均存在显著差异,表明不同居群的角果碱蓬植株维持渗透的能力存在差异。(4)不同居群角果碱蓬地上部的生长差异,与离子含量和对P、K吸收利用的差异有关,与氮素吸收能力和光合作用无关。因此,不同居群的角果碱蓬异型植株盐分离子吸收系统之间存在一定的协同关系,该协同作用与大量的矿质元素P、K含量密切相关,这些是角果碱蓬适应环境变化的重要生理机制之一。

  • 多模式预测气候变化及其对雪冰流域径流的影响

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2021-06-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract: 冰川覆盖流域的雪冰融水对河川径流有重要的调节作用。气候变化影响雪冰融水过程和 数量变化,河川径流过程和径流量相应变化,其程度与流域冰川情况相关。通过利用CMIP5气候模式输出气象数据驱动流域水文模型,模拟研究天山地区3个不同冰川覆盖率河流(库玛拉克河、玛纳斯河、库车河)的径流对气候变化的响应。结果表明:随着未来气温和降水的持续增加,3个流域的雪融水均有增加,冰融水变化受冰川覆盖面积的影响,在各个流域变化不一致。径流变化主要受降水增加和雪冰融水变化的综合影响,在未来情景下各流域径流均有增加,分别增加了5.8%~14.3%(库车河)、2.9%~11.4%(玛纳斯河)、12.9%~47.1%(库玛拉克河),且冰川覆盖率越大的流域,预估径流不确定性变化区间受冰融水影响越大。预估3个流域的径流、雪冰融水年内分布变化表明,各河流的春季融雪时间提前和融雪量增加使得流域春季径流量较历史时期增大;在夏季,受雪冰融水变化的影响库车河、玛纳斯河夏季径流峰值量减小,而库玛拉克河径流峰值量增加,且预估的各流域夏季径流变化不确定性区间明显大于其它季节。

  • 塔里木河下游近20 a 输水的生态效益监测分析

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2021-06-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract: 自 2000 年实施以抬升地下水位、拯救塔里木河下游“绿色走廊”、遏制生态持续恶化为目的的 生态输水工程以来,截至 2020 年,已向塔里木河下游实施生态输水 21 次,累计输水量达 84.45×108 m3。 近 20 a 的监测结果分析显示:(1)在距河道 100 m 处,塔里木河下游的上段、中段、下段的地下水位 埋深由输水前期 2000 年的 7.76 m、9.31 m、7.82 m 抬升至 2020 年的 3.70 m、4.48 m、2.69 m,平均抬升 幅度为 4.06 m、4.83 m、5.13 m;在 500 m 处,地下水位埋深分别由输水前的 8.21 m、9.45 m、9.08 m 抬 升至 6.61 m、5.46 m、3.82 m。生态输水对塔里木河下游的上、中、下 3 个区段地下水位的影响范围 均达到了 1050 m,分别抬升了 2.69 m、1.38 m、1.59 m。(2)地表水体面积由输水前的 49.00 km2 扩大到 2019 年的 498.54 km2,尾闾湖泊—台特玛湖“死而复活”,地表水体面积达到 455.27 km2。(3)输水 后,地表生态响应敏感,在距河道 2000 m 范围内,塔里木河下游高植被覆盖度、归一化植被指数(ND⁃ VI)、植被净初级生产(NPP)、植被总初级生产力(GPP)分别增加了 132 km2、0.07、7.6 g C•m- 2 和1221 g C•m-•2 季-1。(4)输水对塔里木河下游地表植被的影响和改善面积达到 1423 km2,生态系统服 务价值和功能大幅增加,碳汇区域由 2001 年占研究区的 1.54%增长至 2020 年的 7.80%,生态系统健康程度和生态恢复力大幅提升,土壤碳汇能力增加。近 20 a 的生态输水大幅抬升了塔里木河下游地下水位,沿河两岸以胡杨为主体的荒漠河岸林植被得到拯救和复壮,地表植被覆盖度增加,塔里木河下游生态退化趋势基本得到遏制。

  • 干旱砾漠区防护绿地植物群落配置模式研究

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-06-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:以乌鲁木齐南部冲积扇砾漠区防护绿地的27个植物群落配置模式为研究对象,结合层次分析法与模糊综合评价,对不同植物群落配置模式的生态效果进行综合评价并排序。结果表明:樟子松-白滨藜-粉苞菊+伊犁绢蒿、白榆-中亚沙棘-粉苞菊+准噶尔铁线莲、裂叶榆-中亚沙棘-粉苞菊+顶羽菊、沙枣-白滨藜-粉苞菊的配置模式生态效果表现良好;基于植物群落生态效果相似性和景观功能需求,对优化配置模式进行多样化扩展分析,提出了三维绿量大、盖度高、适应性强的乔灌木和自然草本组成的植物群落优化配置模式,为干旱砾漠区防护绿地建设提供理论依据和技术支撑。

  • 1960—2018 年博斯腾湖水位变化特征 及其影响因素分析

    Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Other Disciplines of Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences submitted time 2021-03-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:结合博斯腾湖1960—2018年水位、出入湖径流以及气象站点实测资料,采用集合经验模态分解(Ensem⁃ble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)、水量平衡和气候弹性方法,对近60 a博斯腾湖水位变化及其影响因素进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)1960—2018年博斯腾湖水位总体呈下降态势,具体表现为“下降-上升-下降-上升”四个阶段。(2)在年际尺度上水位存在准3~4 a、准8~9 a的周期性振荡,而年代际尺度上表现出准29~30 a和准33~34 a的周期性变化。(3)1960—2018年降水、气温和潜在蒸散发对开都河、黄水沟和焉耆径流的累积贡献率分别达85.1%、42.1%和23.8%,而下垫面、其他气象变量和人为等因素累积对径流的贡献率分别约为14.9%、57.9%和76.2%。(4)对不同阶段博斯腾湖水位变化原因分析:1960—1987年水位急剧下降的主要原因同入湖径流减少和湖面蒸发量大有关;气温升高和降水量增加导致入湖水量增加是1988—2002年水位显著升高的主要原因;入湖径流减少和出湖水量增多,导致2003—2014年水位显著下降;博斯腾湖入湖水量的显著增加及对出湖水量的严格控制是2015—2018年水位明显上升的主要原因。

  • Variation characteristics of canopy nutrients during the rainfall process of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum in the Gurbantunggut Desert

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-12-17

    Abstract: " Nutrients are relatively scarce in arid regions, and adequate nutrient input after rainwater flows through the canopy is of great significance to the growth and development of plants in arid regions. Through the study of canopy nutrients during the rainfall process of Haloxylon ammodendron and H.persicum, which were the main dominant species in the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert, the concentration differences of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in stemflow, throughfall, and rainwater were analyzed, and the concentration degree of ions after rainwater flows through the plant canopy was determined. The results showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of rainwater increased significantly after passing through the canopy of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum, and the total phosphorus (TP) did not increase significantly. The change of ammonium nitrogen ( NH+4 -N) concentration is basically consistent with that of TN, and the difference between nitrate-nitrogen ( NO-3 -N) and nitrite-nitrogen ( NO-2 -N) concentrations is not completely significant. Among them, the trunk organic nitrogen (TON) has the highest proportion, and its proportion in TN is always greater than 50%. For the average concentration of different nutrient inputs, in addition to TP and NO-3 -N, other ions have increased. The concentrations of TP, NO-3 -N, and NO-2 -N are lower, and they flow in the stems of stemflow, throughfall, and rain. The coefficient of variation is larger in.

  • 气候变化和人类活动对干旱区植被生产力的影响

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-01-06 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:在全球变化的背景下,植被生产力发生了一系列的变化,如何定量的评估中国西北干旱区气候变化和人类活动对植被生产力的影响,对于应对气候变化,促进“一带一路”生态建设以及美丽中国建设具有重要的意义。以新疆为研究区,以植被净第一性生产力(NPP)作为评价指标,分析了2001—2016年气候变化和人类活动对植被恢复和退化的影响。结果表明:(1) 从2001—2016年,植被NPP有明显变化趋势的面积占植被覆盖区总面积的34.02%,其中30.58%的面积呈现恢复趋势,3.44%的面积呈现退化趋势,NPP平均每年增加634 Gg C·a-1(Gg=109 g)。(2) 由人类活动和气候变化引起植被恢复的面积占植被NPP变化总面积的42.03%和30.58%;在上述两个区域,NPP平均每年增加量分别为319 Gg C·a-1和59 Gg C·a-1。由人类活动和气候变化引起植被退化的面积占NPP变化总面积的57.63%和19.45%;其中,在上述两个退化区域,NPP平均每年分别减少68 Gg C·a-1和7 Gg C·a-1。(3) 不同植被类型中,人类活动对农作物、荒漠、草地、高山植被的恢复作用大于退化作用,对森林、灌丛、沼泽的退化作用大于恢复作用;气候变化对沼泽的退化作用大于恢复作用,对其他6种植被类型的恢复作用大于退化作用。总体上,人类活动是影响新疆植被恢复和退化的主要原因。