Subjects: Psychology >> History of Psychology submitted time 2024-03-27
Abstract： Cultural evolution is often compared to biological evolution. One subset of cultural evolution that has received widespread attention from researchers is Cumulative Cultural Evolution (CCE). CCE refers to the adaptive changes in complexity, functionality, etc., that occur in cultures as they are modified and passed from generation to generation. Although cumulative cultural evolution is an interdisciplinary concept, it has a strong psychological underpinning. Psychological factors have played an important role in the development of its conceptual framework and schools of interpretation, and have contributed to the expansion of core criteria and the integration of the two schools of interpretation. Future research can further clarify the definitional criteria of CCE from the perspective of theoretical development, explore the process and details of CCE from the perspective of integration of two schools of interpretation, or confirm the impact of psychological factors on CCE from the perspective of psychology, thereby advancing the field of cumulative cultural evolution.
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：伴随着大数据、云计算等信息技术的发展升级及广泛应用,传统媒体应当充分把握当前媒体融合的趋势,加速推进节目制作的数据化与网络化,以"一次采集、多种生成、多元传播的"融合发展理念构架传统媒体的融合媒体平台。基于此,文章以广播电台工作实践为基础,探讨广播电台融合媒体平台构架的设计规划,以期实现广播电台传统制播业务与新媒体业务融合统一,促进广播电台未来发展中的全媒体业务开展,提供足量且安全的技术支持。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Cultural change has gradually become the focus of psychologists’ attention, and related studies have addressed core issues such as the content, causes, and mechanisms of cultural change. Cultural evolution, a way of studying cultural change from an evolutionary perspective, explores the issue of the mechanism of cultural change. Cumulative Cultural Evolution (CCE) is a subset of cultural evolution. It refers to the adaptive changes in efficiency, function, and complexity of human culture over time through multiple social transmissions and innovation among individuals or groups. CCE plays a vital role in understanding the mechanisms of the emergence of human cultural uniqueness and sociocultural change.Throughout the research in this area, single-subject experiments, “microsocieties” designs, and computer simulations have often been used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Based on the evidence from these three types of laboratory studies, it is possible to sort out the mechanisms of occurrence and influence of CCE. In terms of the mechanisms by which CCE occurs, the transmission and modification of cultural information are the two core processes of CCE. Numerous empirical studies have found that copying and teaching ensure high-fidelity transmission of cultural information. Copying includes both results-oriented and action-oriented copying, and teaching can be defined as the act of facilitating the learning of others. These two are considered two representative social learning mechanisms in information transmission. The modification of cultural information is reflected in innovation. Empirical evidence shows that innovation can make modified cultural information more adaptive. The high-fidelity transmission prepares the ground for cultural innovation, and culture achieves sequential improvement through repeated cycles of high-fidelity transmission and modification, promoting the cumulative development of culture. Thus, copying, teaching, and innovation are three crucial foundations for CCE.In addition, CCE is a complex dynamic process in which behavior and environment interact. In this process, various factors influence information transmission and modification that originate from the environment where the information is transmitted and from the subject who transmits the information. Therefore, the influence mechanism of CCE can be understood in terms of environmental and subjective factors. The former mainly involves task difficulty, environmental uncertainty, group size, and social interaction; the latter mainly involves technical reasoning, cognitive flexibility, innovation ability, and social identity. The generalization of these factors can help explain the boundary conditions under which CCE occurs and, in particular, clarify inconsistent findings that have emerged from previous studies. Overall, these factors affect how information is processed in the transmission process, such as identification, collection, and use, which affects the rate of cultural accumulation and the probability of innovation.CCE explains the uniqueness of human culture from the perspective of accumulated modifications of culture over time, while laboratory studies in this field specifically describe how cultural information is transmitted from person to person to produce change. Future research can advance the field in terms of research methods, research areas, and research mechanisms. Specifically, first, the new paradigm (single subject multi-task design) is proposed considering the operationalization of task characteristics, and the feasibility of this new paradigm needs more empirical evidence to verify. Second, the current research on CCE has accumulated rich empirical evidence in the technical domain, and future research can consider conducting more laboratory studies in non-technical domains. Finally, the upward transmission of cultural information has been neglected in previous studies of CCE. Future research could consider exploring the value and significance of this process in CCE in the context of the current phenomenon of “cultural feedback” in China.
submitted time 2023-03-25 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Cultural change has gradually become the focus of psychologists’ attention, and related studies have addressed core issues such as the content, causes, and mechanisms of cultural change. Cultural evolution, a way of studying cultural change from an evolutionary perspective, explores the issue of the mechanism of cultural change. Cumulative Cultural Evolution (CCE) is a subset of cultural evolution. It refers to the adaptive changes in efficiency, function, and complexity of human culture over time through multiple social transmissions and innovation among individuals or groups. CCE plays a vital role in understanding the mechanisms of the emergence of human cultural uniqueness and sociocultural change.Throughout the research in this area, single-subject experiments, “microsocieties” designs, and computer simulations have often been used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Based on the evidence from these three types of laboratory studies, it is possible to sort out the mechanisms of occurrence and influence of CCE. In terms of the mechanisms by which CCE occurs, the transmission and modification of cultural information are the two core processes of CCE. Numerous empirical studies have found that copying and teaching ensure high-fidelity transmission of cultural information. Copying includes both results-oriented and action-oriented copying, and teaching can be defined as the act of facilitating the learning of others. These two are considered two representative social learning mechanisms in information transmission. The modification of cultural information is reflected in innovation. Empirical evidence shows that innovation can make modified cultural information more adaptive. The high-fidelity transmission prepares the ground for cultural innovation, and culture achieves sequential improvement through repeated cycles of high-fidelity transmission and modification, promoting the cumulative development of culture. Thus, copying, teaching, and innovation are three crucial foundations for CCE.In addition, CCE is a complex dynamic process in which behavior and environment interact. In this process, various factors influence information transmission and modification that originate from the environment where the information is transmitted and from the subject who transmits the information. Therefore, the influence mechanism of CCE can be understood in terms of environmental and subjective factors. The former mainly involves task difficulty, environmental uncertainty, group size, and social interaction; the latter mainly involves technical reasoning, cognitive flexibility, innovation ability, and social identity. The generalization of these factors can help explain the boundary conditions under which CCE occurs and, in particular, clarify inconsistent findings that have emerged from previous studies. Overall, these factors affect how information is processed in the transmission process, such as identification, collection, and use, which affects the rate of cultural accumulation and the probability of innovation.CCE explains the uniqueness of human culture from the perspective of accumulated modifications of culture over time, while laboratory studies in this field specifically describe how cultural information is transmitted from person to person to produce change. Future research can advance the field in terms of research methods, research areas, and research mechanisms. Specifically, first, the new paradigm (single subject multi-task design) is proposed considering the operationalization of task characteristics, and the feasibility of this new paradigm needs more empirical evidence to verify. Second, the current research on CCE has accumulated rich empirical evidence in the technical domain, and future research can consider conducting more laboratory studies in non-technical domains. Finally, the upward transmission of cultural information has been neglected in previous studies of CCE. Future research could consider exploring the value and significance of this process in CCE in the context of the current phenomenon of “cultural feedback” in China.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-12-16
Abstract：
Cumulative Cultural Evolution (CCE) refers to the adaptive changes in efficiency, function, and complexity of human culture over time through multiple social transmissions and innovation among individuals or groups. A large number of studies have been conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of CCE in the laboratory through single-subject experiments, “microcultures” or “microsocieties” designs, and computer simulations. Copying, teaching, and innovation are three important foundations for CCE. Copying and teaching ensure that cultural information is transmitted with high fidelity. Innovation makes modified cultural information more adaptable. Cultural information is gradually accumulated in the repeated high-fidelity transmission and modification cycle. In general, the boundary conditions of CCE can be summarized into two aspects: environmental factors and subjective factors. The former mainly involves task difficulty, environmental uncertainty, group size, and social interaction; the latter mainly involves technical reasoning, cognitive flexibility, innovation ability, and social identity. Future research can verify the feasibility of the new paradigm (single subject multi-task design), conduct laboratory research on non-technological cultural evolution, and explore the value and significance of upward transmissions of cultural information in CCE in the context of the current phenomenon of “cultural feedback” in China.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-12-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract：
Background The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) is widely used in domestic research. However, the Mandarin translation of the current Chinese version of the scale is not standardized. In addition, the measurement performance test of the GSRS has not been reported in any literature. Objective To evaluate the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Chinese version of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and to provide an objective basis for its clinical and scientific application. Methods Patients who accessed gastrointestinal departments in 45 hospitals across China from November 2021 to March 2022 were chosen in a random order using the convenience sampling method. Their gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated with the Chinese version of GSRS. The Chinese version of GSRS was used for reliability and validity analyses, and the paired Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to compare changes in patients' scale scores before and after treatment. The effect size (ES), standardized response mean (SRM) and score change rate (CR) were used to compare the responsiveness of GSRS among patient populations with different diseases. Results For reliability analysis, the Cronbach's alpha, Guttman Split-half coefficient and the Spearman-Brown coefficient of the Chinese version of the GSRS were 0.896, 0.920 and 0.926, respectively. The two retest result’s intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.589, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.662. The content validity index (CVI) for each item (I-CVI) ranged from 0.78 to 1.00 for the validity analysis, the CVI for scale level universal agreement was 1, and the average CVI (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.96. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 60.721%, three common factors were extracted, each of which had an eigenvalue larger than 1. The confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated that the data samples did not fit the initial model M0 desirably created by EFA. However, after correction by the modification indicator hints, all of the obtained relevant indicators for the new model M1 were within the acceptable range. Before and two weeks after therapy, there was a significant difference in the GSRS score (P <0.001). The ES and SRM of the GSRS were, respectively, 1.03 and 1.01. The CR of the GSRS scores was 74.32%. Conclusion The Chinese version of the GSRS is well suited for measuring the general population who present with gastrointestinal symptoms and evaluating treatment efficiency because of its high degree of measurement properties, including good reliability, validity, and responsiveness.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Literature Work submitted time 2022-07-14
Abstract： <p>The features of sci-tech journals cover design, including layout and design style, are analyzed. The practice of China Laser Press on journal cover design process management and other related issues is presented, and the topics planning, production process and copyright protection of journal covers are discussed. The thoughts on cover style, culture, copyright and cooperation with vendors are presented. Through reasonable design, the covers of sci-tech journals can integrate science and technology with art, spread frontier achievements and promote Chinese traditional culture.</p>
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-06-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为了进一步查明水深、芦苇分布、进水口、排水口分布等因素对宁夏阅海湿地水质的影响程度，于2019年春季（5月）、夏季（8月）、秋季（11月）分别对阅海湿地水质按《地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）》进行了14个水点采集分析，利用模糊综合评价法对湿地水质的空间分布差异性特征进行了评价。结果表明：（1）阅海湖泊水质指标季节分布特征为，各水质指标大多介于Ⅲ~Ⅳ类水质。其中，5月水质最差，11月相对较好，8月居中。（2）阅海湖泊水质指标空间分布特征为，5月阅海水体在浅水区属于Ⅱ类水质，在芦苇区、入水口、深水区属于Ⅳ类水质；8月在深水区、芦苇区属于Ⅳ类水质，在入水口属于Ⅰ类水质，在其他区域均属于Ⅲ类水质；11月在入水口属于Ⅳ类水质，其余区域属于Ⅲ类水质。（3）阅海湖泊水质指标的时空变化与旅游活动、人工补水、鸟类栖息繁衍等外源输入、自然和人为原因对湖泊底泥的扰动有关。研究结果对阅海湿地等干旱区水资源的管理以及生态环境治理均有一定的参考作用。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-27 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of arctiin on advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tubular cells and explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods Human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells) were treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or AOPPs in the presence or absence of arctiin. The expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin, and GRP78 at the protein and mRNA levels in the cells were examined using Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA as the fluorescent probe. Results Compared with BSA-treated cells, the cells treated with AOPPs showed decreased expression of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and overexpression of mesenchymal marker vimentin and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker GRP78 with an increased ROS level. These changes induced by AOPPs were partly inhibited by arctiin. Conclusion Arctiin can ameliorate AOPP-induced EMT in tubular cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress response may participate in this process.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《数据分析与知识发现》
Abstract：【目的】中文机构名结构复杂、罕见词多, 识别难度大, 对其进行正确识别对于信息抽取、信息检索、知识挖掘和机构科研评价等情报学中的后续任务意义重大。【方法】基于深度学习的循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network, RNN)方法, 面向中文汉字和词的特点, 重新定义了机构名标注的输入和输出, 提出汉字级别的循环网络标注模型。【结果】以词级别的循环神经网络方法为基准, 本文提出的字级别模型在中文机构名识别的准确率、召回率和F 值均有明显提高, 其中F 值提高了1.54%。在包含罕见词时提高更为明显, F 值提高了11.05%。【局限】在解码时直接使用了贪心策略, 易于陷入局部最优, 如果使用条件随机场算法进行建模可能获取全局最优结果。【结论】本文方法构架简单, 能利用到汉字级别的特征来进行建模, 比只使用词特征取得了更好的结果。
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