Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：社区生活圈与居民生活息息相关，是城市基层公共服务设施建设的基本单元，是城市更新的重要抓手。科学划定社区生活圈范围，综合测度其建设水平，为推进社区生活圈建设和实现公共资源高效配置提供理论探索，为地理环境与居民行为关系研究提供新的视角及案例。论文基于生活圈科学划定-建设水平评价的研究思路，通过合并步行规划时空圈和Mapbox时空圈数据探索社区生活圈划定的优化方法，从设施布局、空间可获得性和居民满意度等维度构建生活圈建设水平综合测度指标体系，并以乌鲁木齐市为例，开展实证研究。结果表明：（1）合并步行规划时空圈和Mapbox时空圈数据来划分生活圈范围，可以提升划分结果的时效性和边界准确性。（2）设施布局密度和人均享用量对生活圈建设水平的影响较为显著。（3）乌鲁木齐市15 min步行生活圈平均半径为812.75 m，平均面积为2.10 km2，老城区建设水平高于新建城区，商服类建设水平高于健康管理、教育、出行类等设施，设施数量不足和布局不均衡是造成差异的主要原因。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-08-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：遥感降水产品为稀缺资料地区水文气象灾害机理与预警研究提供了重要的数据资料，但不同遥感降水产品的性能存在较大区域异质性。利用遥感降水产品开展水文气象相关的研究和应用前，需要对其性能进行综合评估。基于此，以稀缺资料的黄河源区为研究区，利用19832018年的观测降水数据（CMA）驱动并率定ABCD水文模型，并利用标准化径流指数（SRI），评估3套典型遥感降水产品（PERSIANN-CDR、CHIRPS v2.0、MSWEP v2.0）对水文干旱的模拟性能。利用游程理论识别水文干旱事件，阐明遥感降水对水文干旱特征的捕捉能力。结果表明：（1） 3套遥感降水产品均能较好地捕获CMA多年均值的时空分布格局。CHIRPS产品的水文模拟性能（纳什效率系数NSE=0.72）高于其他2套产品。（2） CMA和降水产品模拟的4个尺度的SRI（SRI1、SRI3、SRI6和SRI12）均呈显著增加趋势（P<0.01），表明近36 a源区河川径流增加，水文干旱趋缓，但降水产品均高估了SRI，表明对黄河源区降水产品的偏差校正有待开展。基本统计指标方面，MSWEP产品计算的SRI与CMA的最为一致，性能最佳，但在年尺度（SRI12）上，PERSIANN表现最优。（3） 3套产品均高估了SRI1和SRI3的干旱历时和烈度，MSWEP产品对SRI6的模拟性能最优，PERSIANN对SRI12的模拟性能最优。研究结果可为黄河源区水文干旱研究的降水产品数据的选择提供科学决策支持。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-04-07 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： Uzbekistan is one of the important countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and is a country with severe biodiversity loss in Central Asia. Because there has been insufficient research on biodiversity conservation in Uzbekistan by both domestic and foreign scholars, this study analyzed the challenges to biodiversity conservation, conservation status, and management system. The problems of biodiversity conservation were summarized, and suggestions were proposed for cooperation between China and Uzbekistan on biodiversity conservation: (1) coordinating economic development and biodiversity conservation as a goal; (2) ecological restoration in the key areas as the opportunity; (3) promoting biodiversity conservation through scientific research cooperation on key species; (4) reversing the use of natural resources by developing ecotourism.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The arid region of Northwest China is one of the driest regions in the world and is characterized with severe water scarcity.Water shortage is the most critical natural factor limiting the high-quality economic and social development and ecological security in the arid region of Northwest China. Based on the long-term monitoring data from the field stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences, observation data of meteorological stations, water resources bulletin and the remote sensing data, this study systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of water resources and ecological environment in the arid region of Northwest China, assesses the changing trends of hydrological elements, water resources, and ecological environment. Besides, this study analyzes the changes of water resources carrying capacity in terms of water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions on sustainable water resources utilization and ecological and environmental protection. The results show that the temperature in the arid region of Northwest China has increased at a rate of 0.32℃/decade and precipitation has increased at a rate of 9.32 mm/decade. The glaciers are shrinking at accelerating rate and the runoff supplied by glacier/snow meltwater has increased. The amount of water resources has increased by about 11 billion m3 since the mid-1990s. In the past decade, water use efficiency has been improved, water-saving irrigation area has been expanded, and agricultural water production efficiency has been improved due to water conservation and utilization measures. Water environment capacity has been increased, water carrying capacity has been enhanced, surface water area has been expanded, and the ecosystem condition has improved. However, water resources problems are still prominent in the arid region of Northwest China, the intensity of extreme climate and hydrological events has increased, and the ecological environment is still fragile. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the water resources potential of this region, improve the water resources management, and enhance ecological protection and restoration efforts for better adaptation to the possible risks of climate change, so as to provide scientific and technological support for promoting the construction of the “Green Silk Road” and realizing high-quality regional economic and social development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Junggar Basin is a typical arid inland region in the northern temperate zone of the Earth. The surrounding high mountains form runoff, which flows into the basin and develops oasis. Oasis and desert are interdependent. Oasis needs to leach out its naturally accumulated salts through drainage. This drainage provides water and nutrients to desert vegetation. Desert vegetation, in turn, provides an ecological protection for oasis. Hence, oasis and desert have a symbiotic relationship. With excessive exploitation of land and water resources with water-saving technologies, salts cannot be leached out of the oasis region anymore. As a result, the groundwater level has also dropped sharply, which has inevitably threatened the vegetation in the periphery of oasis, and the oasis#2;desert symbiotic relationship is facing a fundamental crisis. Funded by “the Key Infrastructure Project for the Field Station Network of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)”, Fukang Desert Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station, CAS, built the “Experiment and Simulation Platform for Oasis-Desert Symbiotic Relationship”, which consists of three sub platforms, namely: the sub-platform of soil salt accumulation and groundwater table simulation, the sub-platform of groundwater depth and vegetation relationship in the periphery of the desert, and the sub-platform of precipitation and vegetation relationship inside desert. The platform can meet the demands of the long-term studies of salt dynamics under different irrigation regimes in the oasis, the relationship between desert vegetation and groundwater level at the oasis edge, and the relationship between natural vegetation and precipitation change inside the desert. It provides an important infrastructure for studying and answering key scientific questions on the symbiotic relationship between oasis and desert ecosystems
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cross-border railways and oil and gas pipelines along the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor are key hubs and channels supporting the regional cooperation and development. It is very important to complete scientific regionalization of ecological risk of China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor and put forward suggestions to guarantee smooth construction and safe cross-border traffic project. By establishing ecological risk evaluation model, we quantitatively analyzed the ecological risk of China Mongolia#2;Russia Economic Corridor, and regionalized high, middle, and low risk. We put forward the ecological risk prevention and control countermeasures for China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. It shows that the ecological risk areas are distributed along the “two belts and one line”. The risk of desertification is along the China-Mongolia-Russia cross-border traffic belt, the risk of permafrost is along the China-Russia cross-border traffic belt and the China-Russian crude oil pipeline. The proposed suggestions are designated to prevent and control ecological risk from the perspectives of promoting ecological civilization to realize a “two-highs and three-lows” mode; constructing of a green economic corridor, optimizing the industrial structure, actively establishing a four-tier circular economy system, and developing green circular industries; innovating technical biological engineering; establishing system and mechanism of an international cooperation and monitoring ecological risk network system along China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. We provide scientific technic support for rationally building cross-border railways and pipelines, avoiding and preventing ecological risks in China#2;Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. It will be decision-making basis to promote regional green and sustainable development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Belt and Road region crosses different geographic areas and ecological zones. Ecologic problems and hazards risks are complicated in these zones and they threat seriously the green development and economic corridors security along the Belt and Road region. Based on multiple data sources platform installation and experiment-demonstration researches and observations, the regional ecologic-environmental regulations of the Belt and Road region are well and scientifically recognized, key areas/zones and the ecologic-environmental security and risk response programmes of major projects are systematically integrated. The findings of the key advanced research project on the environment change and construction of the Green Silk Road of the Pan-Third Pole provide scientific and technical supports to the further promotion of the Green Belt and Road development, and they also serve the world successful cases for global environmental governance.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Desertification, since initial recognition in 1927 and common definition in 1992, through its vicissitudes, is still one of the serious global environmental issues face the world and exists as the bottleneck of the development. Desertification threats the terrestrial ecological security and limits the sustainability of socio-economic development. In consideration of the impacts of desertification, an “Earth Cancer” and a persistent disease, the authors contribute four prescriptions of “good medicines” for the global initiatives to combat desertification, on the basic framework of Chinese strategies and experiences of “four horizontal beams and eight pillars”, in line with the 15.3 goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); namely, development of Protocol of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and unification of Weights and Measures” (benchmarks and indicators) of the implementation and compliance of the UNCCD; setting up of global observation network to monitor the area change of dryland change; compilation of global natural desert (heritage) directory to leave behind landscape of aboriginal sand sea for future generations; initiation of “global governance action to combat desertification” to strive for achieving the target of Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) at 2030.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2023-02-27 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： Ecological water conveyance is an important measure in the special action of Populus euphratica forest protection, and the analysis of the effect of submerged irrigation on the restoration of P. euphratica forest is critical for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration. We select the National Nature Reserve of P. euphratica in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, as the study area. Based on dense time-series remote sensing data, NDWI threshold segmentation and human-computer interaction were used to extract the overflowing surface of ecological water conveyance, and the modified maximal gradient difference model was used to retrieve the vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest. Geographical information system spatial analysis and regression analysis were used to dynamically monitor the ecological water conveyance since the implementation of the special action for P. euphratica forest protection in 2016 and quantitatively analyze the impact of the submerged irrigation area and frequency on the restoration of the P. euphratica forest vegetation coverage. The results are as follows: (1) The submerged irrigation area is mainly rising from the end of July to the beginning of August, reaching the maximum overflow area in September. In 2017, the area of ecological water conveyance was the largest, reaching 246.7 km2 , and the ecological water conveyance force in 2018—2021 was reduced compared with the previous two years. The smallest area in 2020 was 70.5 km2 . There is a tendency for the spatial distribution to be more in the north and less in the south and for downstream to be greater than upstream. (2) The vegetation coverage of the National Nature Reserve of P. euphratica in Tarim, increased from 18.88% to 19.61% from 2016 to 2021. The north side of the Tarim River with a greater submerged irrigation area shows an increasing trend, whereas the P. euphratica forest on the south side of the Tarim River with less ecological water conveyance still exhibits a degradation trend. (3) The restoration degree of vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest increased significantly with an increase in the ecological water submerged irrigation frequency. When the submerged irrigation frequency exceeded three times, the growth rate of vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest was approximately 0.93%·a-1 -1.11%·a-1 , which was 4-5 times higher than that of the nonecological water conveyance overflow area. This study provides a new idea for the evaluation of ecological water conveyance benefits of the P. euphratica forest and is of great significance for evaluating the effectiveness of the special action of P. euphratica forest protection and developing a more rational water transport strategy.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：
The Tazhong-38th Corp Desert Highway, currently under construction, extends from the hinterland of Taklamakan Desert to its southeastern edge. Different degrees of wind and sand hazards are distributed along the whole route, posing serious threats to the construction, service, and maintenance of the desert highway. Based on remote sensing image interpretation and wind data analysis, the wind and sand environment characteristics and dune movement rules in different sections of the desert highway were assessed, and a corresponding sand hazard prevention system framework is proposed. Our analysis showed that the prevailing wind directions along the desert highway are NE, ENE, and E, and the frequency of sandy wind increases from 21.7% to 33.8%. The wind direction characteristic develops from sharp bimodal to blunt bimodal, and the wind and sand hazards gradually become more severe: the drift potential along the section ranges from 178.23 to 309.43 VU, the wind energy environment is low to medium, the resultant drift direction is between SW-WSW, and the wind direction variation rate is medium. The annual average dune movement speed is between 3.16 and 6.26 m.a-1 , and there are obvious spatial differences in dune movement speed and direction. The consistency between dune movement direction and the resultant drift direction is poor in some sections. Based on the above environmental characteristics of the desert highway sections, a sand control system for the desert highway, combining blocking and solidification, is proposed. The results of our study have practical application value in the development of prevention and mitigation measures for desert highway sand damage.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-08-09 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：乌兹别克斯坦是位于中亚腹地的双内陆国，是古代丝绸之路沿线的重要国家之一。针对一带一路倡议实施框架内中国与乌兹别克斯坦在可再生能源领域合作的需要，利用文献、数据等分析法，从太阳能、水能、风能、地热能、沼气能等可再生能源的发展现状、国家发展规划、优惠激励措施和可再生能源领域的最新投资项目等角度，对乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源发展总体情况和需求进行了分析。结果表明：乌兹别克斯坦拥有良好的可再生资源条件，未来可再生能源利用比例也将逐渐提高。近年来，乌兹别克斯坦政府高度重视可再生能源发展，接连出台有关政策，大力推进可再生能源发电项目建设，以期实现能源多样化。中乌可再生能源利用领域合作前景广阔，双方在人才、技术、资金、设备等方面合作空间巨大，在提高可再生能源利用效率、发展绿色经济和开展低碳能源合作领域将大有作为。
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Soil Science submitted time 2022-08-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：土壤盐结皮对土壤水文过程具有重要影响，初始盐分浓度（Initial salt concentration, ISC）的差异会对盐结皮的形成过程产生不同程度的影响，从而导致土壤蒸发的差异。但目前不同ISC下盐结皮形成过程对土壤蒸发的影响机理尚不明确。因此，通过试验模拟与理论分析相结合，动态监测及分析不同ISC下砂土的盐结皮形成、蒸发、土壤表面温度动态变化过程，以期阐明不同ISC下盐结皮形成过程及其对土壤蒸发的影响机理。结果表明：ISC越高，盐结皮在土壤表面出现的时间越早，覆盖率越大，且在同样光照强度和光照时间条件下土表温度增幅越小，蒸发量也越小；对数函数能较好地拟合不同ISC与累积蒸发量之间的关系（R2>0.90）；随着ISC的增加，盐结皮对土壤蒸发抑制效率从24.14%（10 gL-1）增大到71.99%（250 gL-1）。ISC会显著影响盐结皮形成的过程，并通过影响土表温度的变化进而导致土壤蒸发出现巨大差异。
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Soil Science submitted time 2022-02-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：为了揭示努尔苏丹不同林龄樟子松人工林对土壤粒度组成的影响，通过野外采样与室内分析相结合，分析了努尔苏丹周边不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤粒度与分形维数特征，研究了分形维数与土壤特性之间的关系。结果表明：（1）研究区土壤粒度组成以粉粒为主，砂粒次之，黏粒最少， 樟子松人工林的种植能够显著提升土壤表层细颗粒物质含量。不同林龄人工林深层土壤颗粒量差异不显著。种植樟子松人工林对土壤粒度的影响主要在表层区域。（2）土壤分形维数变化在 2.059~2.569之间，在人工林生长过程中分形维数呈现先增大后减小的趋势，并在种植年限为15 a 时达到最大。土壤分形维数与黏粒、粉粒具有正相关性，20 m粒径是反映研究区人工林土壤分形维数的临界粒径。（3）研究区土壤分形维数与土壤有机质、全氮含量呈极显著正相关关系，土壤分形维数可以用来评价土壤的养分状况。研究结果可以为努尔苏丹人工林建设和生态恢复提供理 论依据。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-11-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：利用乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区的5座100 m气象铁塔10层比湿数据和乌鲁木齐气象站L波段探空雷达资料，详细分析了边界层2 km内比湿廓线特征，城区和郊区近地层比湿季节变化和日变化特征，揭示了乌鲁木齐逆湿的原因，得出以下结果：（1）乌鲁木齐市比湿季节差异明显，冬季最小，春季、秋季稍大，夏季最大，夏季比湿约为冬季的4～5倍，但秋季仅比春季大1 g·kg－1。除冬季外，比湿均随高度增加而趋于减小，夏季减小最显著，冬季比湿的垂直变化很小。比湿廓线极小值白天和夜间出现高度相近，且有多个极小值。夏季和冬季比湿日变化最大，且位相相反；夏季夜间大、白天小，冬季与之相反。冬季，郊区比湿小于城区；其余季节城、郊比湿差异不明显。（2）2 km内存在逆湿现象，逆湿出现概率高于35%，概率1月最大、7月最小。1月逆湿最大高度超过1 500 m，7月逆湿最大高度可达到1 900 m，且最大厚度可达到1 550 m。逆湿强度最大在7月和10月可达2. 5 g·kg－1·（100 m）-1，而1月最小。（3）1月逆湿往往与逆温相伴随，逆温层改变了水汽的垂直分布结构，从脱地逆温层顶起出现逆湿现象，逆湿还与水汽输送有关。本研究可以有效地揭示空气湿度的季节特征，为研究城市大气污染形成的气象因素提供了一个思路。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：以新疆S214省道沙害防治区段为背景，应用CFD（computational fluid dynamics）数值模拟方法分析了高立式芦苇沙障周围的风沙流场，结果表明： 高立式芦苇沙障周围流场可分为迎风侧减速区，上方加速区和背风侧恢复区，背风侧无明显涡流区生成，沙障间的合理间距与风速呈负相关。现场布置模式对20 m·s-1的风沙流有较好防护效果，低于此风速时，第二道沙障背风侧基本无恢复区生成，后两道沙障迎风侧积沙较多且紧贴沙障分布，压埋沙障速度较快。通过相贴原理优化沙障间距，可以充分发挥各道沙障的防护作用，有效抵御风沙流侵袭，适当延长沙障使用年限。根据前人观测数据、现场调查和数值模拟结果，建议研究区内高立式芦苇沙障间距宜为20～25 m。该研究结果可为研究区内高立式芦苇沙障的合理布置提供理论依据，也可为其他风沙防护工程的建设提供参考。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：以锡尔河中游为研究区，选择高程、坡度、坡向、积温、降水、土地覆盖、植被覆盖度、水域缓冲区及土壤9个生态敏感性指标，构建锡尔河中游生态敏感性评价指标体系，结合层次分析法和GIS空间分析，研究锡尔河中游生态敏感性空间分布特征。结果表明：锡尔河中游生态敏感性总体上表现出中部高、四周低的空间分异特点。研究区生态敏感性分为极度敏感、高度敏感、中度敏感、轻度敏感和不敏感5个等级，各敏感区面积占总面积的4.39%、10.48%、29.97%、31.26%和23.90%；研究区生态敏感性程度受植被覆盖度及水体因子影响较大，以恰尔达拉水库和锡尔河干流为代表的极度敏感区和高度敏感区生态系统敏感性最高；受气候因素影响显著，积温和降水因子导致生态敏感性程度具有一定方向性；土地覆盖类型和土壤类型的不同，造成锡尔河中游生态敏感性程度各异，生态敏感性较高的地区主要分布在水库和河流及周围地区，土地覆盖类型以农田用地为主，土壤类型以松软潜育土为主；锡尔河中游生态敏感性与高程、坡度因子呈正相关关系，与坡向呈南（坡向）高北（坡向）低的分布规律。综合评价结果以各敏感区面积叠加统计的形式成图，为锡尔河中游生态环境保护及土地开发利用提供参考。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：博斯腾湖人工湿地是典型的多级表面流污水人工湿地处理系统。本研究采集博斯腾湖人工湿地各级子系统进水和出水口的水样及沉积物，通过高通量测序技术，分析了多级湿地系统中水和沉积物中的微生物群落空间分布特征。结果表明：总体上人工湿地沉积物中的微生物多样性和丰度高于水体。在多级湿地系统中微生物群落丰度及多样性自入口起始，先增加后由潜流湿地排入博斯腾湖后减小。水中核心门类为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）及浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）。其中变形菌门整体呈上升趋势，从初始进水口的59.11%上升至最终出水口的84.80%，而厚壁菌门类整体呈下降趋势，从24.05%降至6.83%。但厚壁菌门类细菌仍是优势菌种，这表明该门类细菌在废水处理系统中是优势菌种。沉积物中变形菌门类和厚壁菌门类细菌依然占主导地位，厚壁菌门类细菌丰度也是先增加后减少，而变形菌门类细菌整体上随处理深度呈下降趋势；拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi），两者在整个处理过程中呈现出完全相反的趋势。尽管水和沉积物中优势门类细菌均为变形菌门，并且最主要的功能类群均为氨基酸运输和代谢，但微生物群落整体结构及功能仍显著不同。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2020-01-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： 本研究通过对塔里木河下游4个观测点地下水位的监测和地下水蒸散发的估算，分析荒漠河岸林地下水位月和日的波动、地下水蒸散发（ETg）的时空变化及其主要影响因素。结果表明：① 在生态输水前（7月21日至8月12日），4个观测点地下水位呈整体下降趋势；而生态输水后，水位保持稳定上升趋势。在整个观测期内，地下水位都表现出明显的昼夜波动现象。② ETg 均呈现出单峰变化特征，8:00开始快速增加，在12:00—16:00维持在一个较高水平上，18:00以后快速下降，最高值出现在当地时间14:00。③ ETg随着植被类型、覆盖度的不同而存在显著差异，同时又受地下水位埋深的影响。④ 太阳辐射、温度和饱和水气压差是影响塔里木河下游地下水蒸散发日变化的主要因素，风速对其无显著影响。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：通过将基本公共服务作为一种民生资源，从失配视角研究其配置问题，运用熵值法和健康距离模型，分析乌昌地区2007—2016年基本公共服务失配度时空格局及其影响因素，为推进乌昌地区基本公共服务均等化建设提供决策依据。研究发现：乌昌地区8个市县基本公共服务失配度的平均值逐渐减小，2007年为0.759，属于高度失配，2016年为0.573，属于低度失配；2007年高度失配市县占比高达87.5%，2016年，基本公共服务配置较高、高度失配的市县占比仅为25%，整体上各市县基本公共服务状态有所提高，但2016年基本公共服务失配市县占比仍高达75%，说明乌昌地区仍有较多市县基本公共服务不协调。时间上，基本公共服务失配度演化主要经历3个阶段：高度失配主导阶段（2007—2011年）、失配度下降过渡阶段（2012—2014年）和中度失配主导阶段（2015—2016年）。空间上，基本公共服务失配度由均衡高度失配逐渐演进成不均衡中低度失配，并呈现出“核心、两翼”格局，“两翼”基本公共服务大多处于高度失配和较高度失配状态，而“核心”则一直处于良好或优秀状态，在变化趋势上，失配度由“核心”向“两翼”逐渐变化，离“核心”越近的市县基本公共服务失配度越早呈现下降趋势。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：水资源匮乏是干旱区实现可持续发展的最大障碍。干旱区农业灌溉耗费大量的水资源，不同农作物在生长期所需的灌溉水量存在较大的差异，因此快速准确地了解干旱区的农业种植结构可以为节水型农业种植结构优化提供重要依据。以天山北坡经济带为研究区，以谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine，GEE）云平台为支撑，以Sentinel 2以及Landsat 7-8的数据为遥感数据源，采取以下步骤进行研究区的农业种植结构提取：首先，为了简化农业种植结构提取的过程，利用一年最大NDVI值以及坡度信息构建耕地掩膜图层；然后，根据研究区内主要农作物的物候历，获取不同时间段内的最大NDVI值的时间序列数据以及农作物在一年中出现NDVI最大值的日期，并在此基础上构建一个包含10波段的特征波段影像；最后，结合野外实地考察获得的有效样本点以及经耕地掩膜图层掩膜后的10波段特征波段影像，利用随机森林分类器进行研究区的农业种植结构提取。分类结果表明：2018年研究区内棉花、玉米、小麦的总体分类精度为92.19%，Kappa系数为0.883。为了进一步将分类结果与统计数据进行对比，我们将训练得到的分类器应用于2017年的遥感影像，提取了研究区内2017年的农业种植结构信息，其分类结果表明2017年研究区内棉花、玉米、小麦的种植面积分别为5 270 km2、2 000 km2、2 340 km2，其相对精度分别为86.53%、77.54%、86.19%。
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