Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China’s national park reform has entered a new stage of promoting reform based on the protected area system. The national park team of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) took the lead in putting forward the construction plan of the TP protected area, which is dominated by national park in area and function. The TP national park group, including “small group” which refer to national park, and “large group” which refer to different protected areas, innovates the long-term mechanism for the construction of national ecological security barriers on TP. The national park group requires the overall management of the group. Nevertheless, there are still problems on TP, not only within a single national park, but also among national parks and between national park and other protected areas. In line with the new requirements of the reform of the national park, and focusing on the problems of TP protected area system, it is needed to accelerate the establishment of a trans provincial management system led by the central government of the TP national park group, and improve the relevant supporting systems at the same time, such as the establishment of national park and the guarantee of financial funds. It is also necessary to coordinate the multiple objectives of ecological protection and driving the synchronous modernization of local herdsmen. The vast number of herdsmen should participate the management and operation and become the continuous beneficiaries and active supporters of the national park group.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Improving carbon sequestration capacity through ecological construction is one of the important ways to achieve the goal of “carbon neutrality” in China. Based on the analysis of the current situation and trend of ecological carbon sequestration in China, this study summarizes the main challenges in the increment of ecosystem carbon sink in China. The current situation and trend, the significant carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the recovery phase of carbon sequestration capacity of grassland, and the carbon sequestration benefits of major ecological projects are also surveyed. Then, the new challenges of China are analyzed, including the backlog of over-mature forests affecting the carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the limited land area suitable for planting forests and grasses, the less diversified investment mechanism of ecological engineering, the imperfect supporting policies and measures for ecological carbon sequestration, and the increasing demand for forest products. To make sure the “peak carbon emissions” and “carbon neutrality” goals reached as schedule, the study points out that it is necessary to optimize the layout of ecological construction and to improve the capacity of ecological carbon sequestration through the optimization of the internal structure of ecosystem and the regional coordination of ecological construction. In terms of the optimization of the internal structure of the ecosystem, several policy suggestions are put forward: restarting orderly renewal and forests logging, enhancing the ecological carbon sequestration capacity of the grassland, and fully implementing the water diversion project on the western line. For example, some related research suggestions are proposed on forest management, including redesigning the forest regeneration route, conducting pilot programs in some forest areas, constructing modern standard system of forest logging, and improving basic facilities of intermediate cuttings. In terms of the land layout optimization of ecological construction, this study suggests that the government should establish an overall planning with differentiated regional carbon neutrality path, promote the coordination of regional ecological protection and clean energy, accelerate the improvement of ecological environment, and utilize national land space highly efficiently.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Building a policy system conducive to peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality is critical to achieving the dual carbon goals on schedule. This study sorts out and analyzes the 168 low-carbon policy texts since the 11th Five-Year Plan. It finds out the overall situation of China’s low-carbon policies, as well as the characteristics of the number, effectiveness, measures of policies, and clarifies the gap in the current low-carbon policies. On this basis, around the phased characteristics of the realization of the dual carbon goals, the future policy framework of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality is drawn, including the timetable and policy road-map. Further, the challenges of the development path shifting are analyzed from resource-dependent to technology-driven in the context of carbon neutrality. Finally, the general policies and technological innovation policies are proposed to promote the implementation of the goal of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is important ecological security barrier of China and even Asia, and one of biodiversity conservation hotspots. Ensuring ecological security and protecting biodiversity are key tasks of ecological protection in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wildlife is very rich but there are many threatened species. During past 15 years, ecosystem pattern is stable, and ecosystem quality generally elevates in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Correspondingly, water retention, soil retention, and sandstorm prevention are improved and the trend of ecological degradation is suppressed. The construction of natural reserves and the implementation of ecological protection projects in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contribute to the improvement of ecological security barrier function. However, due to the impacts of warm-wet tendency and human activities, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is facing a series of ecological degradation risks, including frozen soil area withering, marsh reduction, wildlife habitat degradation, alien invasion, and ecosystem degradation. To further protect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s ecological security barrier, the following measures could be taken, namely, optimizing spatial pattern of natural protected area, establishing natural protected area system mainly based on national park group, and implementing ecological protection and restoration projects.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Based on the systematic review of the research progress on China’s relative poverty, this study discussed the distribution characteristics of the relative poverty areas (RPAs), the basis of regional function types, and proposed the policy recommendations. There are three main periods concerning sustainable development research on RPAs: (1) The concept of “relative poverty” was adopted for the first time to carry out scientific research on regional sustainable development. (2) It supported the RPAs to become an important type of the area to promote sustainable development policies in underdeveloped areas in China. (3) It deployed a protracted battle in advance to support the development of RPAs before the comprehensive accomplishment of anti-poverty. The change characteristics of the RPAs and the regional function types indicated that the scale of the relative poverty population in China has remained at around 200 million for a long time, and the pattern of concentrated distribution has not changed. Meanwhile, taking ecological service function as the main regional function types, areas with and lack of development conditions coexist in the RPAs constrained by the natural carrying capacity. Policy recommendations are proposed to promote the simultaneous realization of modernization in the RPAs on a higher stage as follows. From a global perspective, the optimization regulation and spatial governance of the Man-Land system should be carried out to stabilize the national defense, ecological, food, energy, and social security. For regions with development potential, the comparative advantages of the resources and ecology should be transformed into economic advantages through mechanism innovation, thereby solving the intergenerational transfer under “path dependence” and the interregional exfoliation under the “Matthew effect”. For regions lack of development conditions, natural carrying capacity should be steadily unloaded, the mountain, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland should be conserved systematically, and the equalization level of basic public services should be improved comprehensively.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Poverty is a major challenge faced by human development, especially the global problem that has plagued developing countries, including China, for a long time. As rural absolute poverty population and poverty-stricken counties will achieve poverty alleviation in 2020, China’s anti-poverty focus in the new era will begin to shift from targeted poverty alleviation in absolute poverty areas to high-quality development through comprehensive measures in relative poverty areas. Based on an initially constructed conceptual model of high-quality development in relative poverty areas, this article analyzed the internal and external constraints from the sustainability of individual and regional scales, and further proposed comprehensive policies to ensure that poverty would not be returned after 2020 and high-quality development would be achieved. It is necessary to guide the rational flow of population and development factors, reshape the appearance of urban and rural interaction and equivalent development, further promote the value of resources and ecological advantages, and focus on key poverty areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Taking the “14th Five-Year Plan” period as the transition period, formulate flexible and accurate identification standards for relative poverty population and areas, focus on the integration of various poverty alleviation policy tools and resources, and form a centralized, distributed, and mobile highquality infrastructure and public service guarantee system.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The major function zoning plays a strategic role in economic development and ecological environment protection in China. Analyzing the evolutionary process and trends in spatial structure is essential for the pattern optimization of land development and major function zones. The aim of this study is to explore the scientific and policy implications of the evolution of the spatial structure of major function zones. This paper first takes several basic parameters, namely the population ratio/economic ratio of the urbanization areas, agricultural development areas, and ecological security areas; then, measures the evolution characteristics of core-periphery structure and pole-axis structure five years before and after the implementation of national major function zoning planning in 2010 to reveal the spatial structure of the core, edge, and the variation along the axis. Considering the new requirements on the construction of ecological civilization and regional coordinated development strategy in the new period, this paper further analyzes the problems of the evolution of territorial spatial structure from the aspects of regional disparities, resource and environment effects, and external relations. The results show that population and economy are further concentrated in urbanized areas, urban agglomeration areas, and the main development axis. The results also reveal that the population agglomeration process is faster than the economic agglomeration process. The overall economy and population of the country demonstrate a trend of mutual equilibrium, which is in line with the national natural carrying capacity and the territorial function suitability that considering the geographic location and system integrity. The regional disparities among different function areas, regional plates, the core area, and the edge area, along the axis area and away from the axis area show a narrowing trend. However, the problems of unbalanced regional development, resources, and the environment are still outstanding. The existing national “two horizontal and three vertical” axes cannot meet the strategic needs of coordinated regional development and the Silk Road Economic Belt’s opening up in the new era. The following policy recommendations are proposed: promoting the further concentration of population in urban agglomerations and core areas of major axes to achieve a balance between population and economy; further reducing the population pressure in the peripheral areas of the northern region to promote a balance between population size and natural carrying capacity; adding the Pearl River-Xijiang development axis and to improve the “three horizontal and three vertical” strategic axes of territorial development; and extending the major axes along the Yangtze River passage, the land bridge passage and the Baokun passage to adapt to the openness strategy in the new era.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： From the 14th Five-Year Plan to 2035, urban agglomerations will remain the main form of China’s urbanization. At present, the development of China’s urban agglomerations has been diversified, the development pattern of their regions is increasingly differentiated, the strategic objectives of serving the protection of land and space development are diversified, and modern governance methods require precision. Therefore, it is necessary to classify and guide the development of urban agglomerations. Aiming at the problems that the comprehensive policy to classify urban agglomerations in China are not accurate and characteristic enough, this study proposes the “four specials + comprehensive” policy. Special policy guidelines are provided for the development of urban agglomerations based on the feature of scale, development mode, space organization, and resource and environmental carrying capacity, and comprehensive policy guidelines are provided for general questions. It is recommended that future urban agglomerations be a hierarchy in China’s national spatial planning system, and each urban agglomeration should formulate a plan to determine its own policy package. In this study, three dimensions are proposed based on the national spatial development and protection strategic pattern, the national major regional strategic pattern, and the development law of the urban agglomeration. Three key points are put forward to promote the integration process of urban agglomerations and the expansion and improvement of urban agglomerations, and give play to the regional driving force of urban agglomerations. The policy framework of the four policy tools of “managing managers”, “managing resources and environment”, “managing production factors”, and “managing business and living environment” is also proposed. From the special level, the types of urban agglomerations and precise policies are organized based on the scale, development model, spatial organization, and resource and environmental carrying capacity. At the comprehensive level, the main types and policy recommendations are proposed to guide the high-quality development of urban agglomerations in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： “Double evaluation”, the abbreviation of the evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity and territorial development suitability, is the important basis and prerequisite for the implementation of spatial planning. This study systematically expounded the scientific concept, study framework, and research process of “double evaluation”, and discussed the core role in promoting the high-quality development of spatial development. This article firstly depicts the main development of “double evaluation” in MFOZ researches, including the proposal and improvement of the theoretical concept, the establishment of evaluation framework, and the application in MFOZ planning. Then, we analyze the main function of “double evaluation” and its irreplaceable fundamental role in optimizing spatial development pattern. As an effective means of cognizing land surface, “double evaluation” could provide the comprehensive and scientific understanding of regional background conditions as well as recognizing the prominent problems and major contradictions in spatial development. Based on it, the “double evaluation” would support basic materials for spatial planning compilation and guiding spatial planning implications by coupling various types of planning in different levels and supervising the implementation of planning. The limitations and proposals of the “double evaluation” are discussed to proper use it in actual work, which emphasizes that the adjustment of technical methods with local conditions and other basic work should also be taken into account. Meanwhile, we discussed the main features and problems of “Guidelines for the Evaluation of Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity and Territorial Development Suitability (Trial)”, which was recently released by the Ministry of Natural Resources. Lastly, suggestions are made on the direction of improving and deepening the method and application of “double evaluation” in the optimization of spatial development pattern.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： During the period of 14th Five-Year Plan, modernization of space governance and optimization of regional economic layout are the important parts of planning and development. Since the reform and opening up, China's regional economic layout has adopted the guiding ideology of "some regions get rich first", which has rapidly driven the overall improvement of national strength, but the development gap between regions has continued to widen. The open economy and the non-state-owned economy are developing rapidly, but there are shortcomings in the security and advancement of the economic system, and the reform of the state-owned economy is still insufficient. China's space governance has made remarkable progress, but in terms of legalization and scientization, learningoriented government and democratic governance, and systematic governance, there is a big gap with modernization requirements. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the key points of space governance modernization include: improving the space governance model in which the government, the market, the social organizations, and the public participate together; improving a regional policy system that puts equal emphasis on fairness and benefits, government regulation, and market optimization allocation, issues and goals, and constraints and incentives; and developing a new mechanism for regional coordination that meets the requirements of highquality development. The major measures of the regional economic layout are continuously enhancing the energy levels of urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas and regional central cities, and practicing the new model of achieving balanced and coordinated regional development in the process of population economic agglomeration. It should take the opportunity of restructuring China's relatively complete industrial system as an opportunity to create a new pattern in the distribution of major productive forces, and launch the great project of high-quality development in northwest China to cultivate the new driving force of development and prosperity in relatively poor areas.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As an important field in the construction of ecological civilization, spatial governance is a relatively weak field in China’s governance system. In the past 40 years of rapid economic development, unbalanced regional development, disharmony between nature and society, and disordered spatial structure have become prominent problems. In the support of space governance, science and technology have problems such as the division of natural sciences and social sciences, the imperfect data co-construction and sharing mechanism, and the disconnection of scientific research and decision-making management, which seriously hinders the need for the modernization of governance systems. The formation of an adapting strategy for the modernization of China’s space governance by a technologically powerful country is of great significance for China to realize the transition from a well-off society to a modern society, and for China to improve its level in the global governance system. On the basis of discussing the complexity of space governance objects, the scientization of government decision-making and management, and the general trend of science and technology serving social development, this study proposes a new framework of science and technology innovation oriented to space governance, which is dominated by theoretical innovation, data construction, and knowledge application. Combined with the analysis of innovative key scientific issues, focusing on the needs of the whole process of territorial planning with determining the planning objectives, applying analytical methods, developing layout plans, improving the control system, supporting safeguard measures, implementing dynamic management, etc., this study systematically discusses the two major issues of developing a unified geographic theory system and data foundation. Among them, the main points of the theoretical system include: the comprehensive equilibrium theory of space, the coupling mechanism of natural and social systems, the evolution law of regional function-spatial structure, the spatial interaction relationship, the spatial governance mechanism, and the reverse decoupling principle of geographical process-geographical pattern.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, with the strength of eco-environmental protection, the deterioration of eco-environment in China has been curbed to a certain extent, which has led to discussions among decision makers on when China will reach the turning point of eco-environment. The judgement of the turning point is directly related to the eco-environmental protection strategies towards China’s two centenary goals. This study redefines the concept of eco-environmental turning point firstly, and then establishes an indicator system and an analysis framework to predict the time that turning point occurs. The results show that the turning point of eco-environmental quality based on routine monitoring indicators will occur around 2025, the turning point of eco-environmental quality based on public perception will come about 2035, and the turning point of eco-environmental quality considered some new factors such as emerging contaminants will achieve around 2050. To develop eco-environmental protection strategies towards China’s two centenary goals, it not only needs to make good plans for pollution prevention and ecological protection focusing on the current serious eco-environmental problems, but also needs to make good preparations for protracted battles aiming at eco-environmental problems that are currently difficult to solve, and potential eco-environmental risk in the future. During this process, in addition to further promoting the reform of the ecological civilization system, it is also necessary to make full use of science and technology in solving the “bottleneck” and “difficulties” of China’s eco-environmental problems.
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2017-09-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：建设第三极国家公园群是我国西藏自治区落实主体功能区大战略、走绿色发展之路的科学抉择。通过对西藏发展新动能转换、中央对西藏的发展定位以及人类消费需求增长趋势的分析，阐释了第三极国家公园群建设符合西藏可持续发展规律的基本认识。提出了把保护传承和改善优化自然与人文生态系统放在国家公园群建设的优先地位、作为国家主导的西藏富民兴藏和造福全人类的重要抓手，以及必须坚持科学研究、科学规划、科学管理的科学发展模式。借鉴国内外国家公园的建设经验和研究选题，形成了西藏国家公园群建设的研究框架，确定了以第三极国家公园群建设规划方案为核心，规划前向开展第三极国家公园群自然资源和人文遗产价值、旅游环境容量和山水林田湖系统提升潜力的基础研究，规划后向开展第三极国家公园群资源监测技术与运营管理信息平台开发，为把第三极国家公园群建成全球最具影响力和吸引力的国家公园群提供系统的科技支撑。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：“立法为本、规划先行”是空间治理体系现代化的核心内容，能否合理规制国土空间、建设美丽家园是衡量执政能力和水平的重要标志。“十九大”后，我国空间治理体系和空间治理能力将加快科学化、法制化、系统化、民主化的进程。主要表现在：主体功能区的基础性地位将趋于增强，主体功能区规划将扮演发展类规划和布局类规划旋转门的角色，主体功能区战略将成为指引我国国土空间有序发展的长期性和稳定性的重大战略，主体功能区制度将在生态文明建设中发挥基础性制度的作用；覆盖全国国土的空间规划体系将基本建成，通过全国、省、县为中国基本空间规划单元，以跨省级行政区、跨地市、跨市县域的区域规划为补充的空间规划体系，规范国家和地方不同空间尺度的国土资源合理配置、空间结构合理组织、区域政策合理实施；以国土空间开发保护制度为核心的生态文明制度得以确立，实施增强空间管制能力、提升科学管理水平、扩大资源承载能力、改善生态环境质量和增强市场作用力度等五大行动。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2016-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：结合集中学习和专业实践，文章构筑了在区域发展战略和空间规划领域进行服务决策的智库分析框架。在国际环境方面，讨论了地缘战略调整对地缘关系的影响、经济全球化向国家和地方保护主义转向、可持续发展的全球共同责任，以及新科技革命引发新一轮产业革命等问题，阐述了全球发展正在步入一个前所未有的新阶段的判断。在国内发展方面，围绕治理能力现代化主线，讨论了治理能力长期存在的缺陷、当前体制机制改革面临的困境、未来优化发展路径面临的挑战以及新矛盾和新问题，论证了治理能力现代化在实现我国第二个一百年目标中的重要性。基于决策背景复杂化态势的解析，围绕智库建设科学应对提出了4个方面的建议：智库建设的底线是不说外行话、没有深入细致的研究就没有发言权、中科院的智库应更加注重基础能力的建设、智库建设的生命力也在于形成自身监督与不断完善的机制。
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