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  • Thoughts and Suggestions on Development of Earth Sciences in China

    Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》

    Abstract: Earth Sciences is a multi-disciplinary science, which takes the interaction of Earth’s various spheres and their resources and environmental effects as the research object. As a comprehensive and systematic science that not only expands the frontier of human knowledge but also serves the social and economic development of human beings, Earth Sciences not only studies the past and reveals the evolution history of the Earth, but also faces the future and provides solutions for the sustainable development of human beings. Based on the analysis of the international development trends of Earth Sciences and the summary of the development status and sci-tech funding of Earth Sciences in China, this study proposed that the future development direction and research plan of Earth Sciences in China should be arranged from the perspective of system science and national needs; and from the perspective of the Earth system as a whole, while attention should be paid to the interaction of various spheres and elements in the Earth system and their influence on the social and economic development of human beings. It is extremely necessary to guide the development directions of Earth Sciences research with “Four Orientations”, carry out major scientific research in an organized way, and improve the mechanisms of sci-tech funding and evaluation, so that the research achievements can better serve the national major strategic needs.

  • Key Basic Research Areas in Perspective of Future Social Needs

    Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》

    Abstract: Science and technology are fundamental elements of a nation’s power, while basic science is the fundamental base of science and technology development. Only by emphasizing on basic science research could China always improve the capacity of independent innovation. Basic science research, as the original source of knowledge and technology, promotes social and economic development and meanwhile extends the human knowledge frontier. Today, many countries’ policies focus on the substantial promoting effects of basic science research on social and economic development. Basic science research should not only explore the new frontier but also meet the needs of social development. This paper focuses on social needs and elaborates basic science research development in life and health, social development, Earth environment improvement, and transformative technology.

  • From Strategy Consulting Research to Science of Think Tank

    Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》

    Abstract: Think tank researches are the main element to advance the modernization of China's capacity for governance, and they are multidisciplinary related to many research areas. The suggestions of think tank researches may have massive influences as long as they are adapted. In this study, we recommend that the think tank researches should be advanced to the science of think tank. The think tank researches should follow the widely recognized scientific research character–falsifiability. Based on solid data and evidences, think tank researches build objective models, develop qualitative methods and quantitative tools, and generate objective strategic consulting proposals with predictive ability. By controllable error correction and falsification process, we gradually eliminate the concurrence of causes and the plurality of causes in the models and methods, get the general conclusion and then the models and methods will be verified when applied.

  • Comprehensive Research and Judgment on China’s Eco-environmental Turning Points

    Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》

    Abstract: Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, with the strength of eco-environmental protection, the deterioration of eco-environment in China has been curbed to a certain extent, which has led to discussions among decision makers on when China will reach the turning point of eco-environment. The judgement of the turning point is directly related to the eco-environmental protection strategies towards China’s two centenary goals. This study redefines the concept of eco-environmental turning point firstly, and then establishes an indicator system and an analysis framework to predict the time that turning point occurs. The results show that the turning point of eco-environmental quality based on routine monitoring indicators will occur around 2025, the turning point of eco-environmental quality based on public perception will come about 2035, and the turning point of eco-environmental quality considered some new factors such as emerging contaminants will achieve around 2050. To develop eco-environmental protection strategies towards China’s two centenary goals, it not only needs to make good plans for pollution prevention and ecological protection focusing on the current serious eco-environmental problems, but also needs to make good preparations for protracted battles aiming at eco-environmental problems that are currently difficult to solve, and potential eco-environmental risk in the future. During this process, in addition to further promoting the reform of the ecological civilization system, it is also necessary to make full use of science and technology in solving the “bottleneck” and “difficulties” of China’s eco-environmental problems.

  • Analysis of risk factors and clinical characteristics of children with global developmental delay of different genders

    Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》

    Abstract:

    Objective To understand the gender differences in risk factors and clinical characteristics of children with global developmental delay (GDD). Methods The data of risk factors and clinical characteristics of children with GDD who were hospitalized for the first time in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2022 were collected retrospectively, and the children with complete case data were included in the study to analyze the gender differences in risk factors and clinical characteristics of children with GDD. Results A total of 799 children with GDD were included, including 568 males and 231 females, the male-to-female ratio is 2.46. Compared with female children, the first visit age of male children was later than that of female children (P < 0.001). Motor developmental delay (51.1%) was the main cause of female children, and language developmental delay (41.4%) was the main cause of male children (P < 0.001). The proportion of males born in autumn (30.6%) was higher than that of females (22.1%) (P < 0.05). In terms of risk factors and clinical features, the proportions of intrauterine distress, abnormal EEG, microcephaly, overdue delivery, small gestational age infants, ultra-low birth weight infants and severe fine motor retardation in male children were 4.9%, 11.1%, 0.9%, 0.7%, 9.2%, 0.5% and 6.7%. Were lower than women (10.0%, 17.7%, 4.8%, 3.0%, 15.6%, 3.0% and 10.2%, respectively). The proportion of ASD and macrosomia in males was 17.4% and 11.8% respectively, which was higher than that in females (8.2% and 5.2%). Conclusion There are gender differences in some risk factors and clinical characteristics in children with GDD. The proportion of females in children with GDD is low, but the clinical symptoms are relatively severe.

  • Comparison of Measurement Properties of the Chinese version of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale in Patients with Different Diseases

    Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-12-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》

    Abstract:

    Background The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) is widely used in domestic research. However, the Mandarin translation of the current Chinese version of the scale is not standardized. In addition, the measurement performance test of the GSRS has not been reported in any literature. Objective To evaluate the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Chinese version of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and to provide an objective basis for its clinical and scientific application. Methods Patients who accessed gastrointestinal departments in 45 hospitals across China from November 2021 to March 2022 were chosen in a random order using the convenience sampling method. Their gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated with the Chinese version of GSRS. The Chinese version of GSRS was used for reliability and validity analyses, and the paired Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to compare changes in patients' scale scores before and after treatment. The effect size (ES), standardized response mean (SRM) and score change rate (CR) were used to compare the responsiveness of GSRS among patient populations with different diseases. Results For reliability analysis, the Cronbach's alpha, Guttman Split-half coefficient and the Spearman-Brown coefficient of the Chinese version of the GSRS were 0.896, 0.920 and 0.926, respectively. The two retest result’s intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.589, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.662. The content validity index (CVI) for each item (I-CVI) ranged from 0.78 to 1.00 for the validity analysis, the CVI for scale level universal agreement was 1, and the average CVI (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.96. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 60.721%, three common factors were extracted, each of which had an eigenvalue larger than 1. The confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated that the data samples did not fit the initial model M0 desirably created by EFA. However, after correction by the modification indicator hints, all of the obtained relevant indicators for the new model M1 were within the acceptable range. Before and two weeks after therapy, there was a significant difference in the GSRS score (P <0.001). The ES and SRM of the GSRS were, respectively, 1.03 and 1.01. The CR of the GSRS scores was 74.32%. Conclusion The Chinese version of the GSRS is well suited for measuring the general population who present with gastrointestinal symptoms and evaluating treatment efficiency because of its high degree of measurement properties, including good reliability, validity, and responsiveness.

  • 铁线莲属 21 个类群的染色体核型分析

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-12-19 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》

    Abstract: Clematis L. is one of the major genera of Ranunculaceae, which has important horticultural and medicinal value. In order to discuss the chromosome evolution law of Clematis plants, reveal the genetic relationship among sections and species, a karyotypes analysis in 21 Clematis taxa were observed . In this study, the root tips of 21 groups of Clematis were treated and pressed by conventional pressing method, the morphological characteristics of chromosomes were observed, karyotype was analyzed, and cluster analysis was carried out by ward connection method. C. kirilowii var. chanetii, C. puberula var. tenuisepala, C. tubulosa, C. tibetana and C. peterae are reported for the first time. The results were as follows: All the 21 taxa of Clematis were diploid with x = 8 (2n = 2x = 16), the genome of each taxon had at least one pair of statelites except C. tibetana. The chromosome of C. fusca, C. peterae, C. macropetala, C. aethusifolia, C. puberula var. tenuisepala, C. flammula were ‘2B’ type, C. acerifolia, C. fruticose, C. heracleifolia, C. intricate, C. grandidentata, C. brevicaudata, C. puberula var. tenuisepala, C. glauca, C. hexapetala, C. kirilowii, C. kirilowii var. chanetii, C. alpina var. ochotensis, C. tangutica, C. tibetana, C. tubulosa, C. vitalba were ‘2A’ type. The karyotype asymmetry coefficient ranged from 60.29% to 63.79%. The chromosomes of Clematis are primitive, and the karyotypes vary widely among species. Through the above research, we can draw the following conclusions: The chromosome number of Clematis evolved from diploid to polyploid, and then aneuploidy was produced through the Polyploid diploidization process. The chromosome evolution of Clematis is mainly carried out at the diploid level, which is realized by generating chromosome structural variation, and evolved through four ways: generating heterozygous chromosomes, strengthening karyotype asymmetry, chromosome type change and satelite chromosome change. At the same time, the karyotype characteristics of Clematis were basically consistent with the traditional classification at the section level and species level, which indicated that karyotype analysis can provide theoretical basis for the classification of Clematis.Results of the present study have significant scientific values in the further studies on the resources utilization taxonomy and phylogenetics in genus Clematis.

  • The cognitive neural mechanisms of verb argument structure complexity processing

    Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-08-25

    Abstract: Verb argument structure complexity is manifested in four aspects: the number of arguments, the selection mode of arguments subcategorization, the assignment mode of θ-roles and the mapping of argument structure. Most empirical studies show that more arguments, alternating arguments subcategorization, alternating assignment of θ-roles and noncanonical mapping make the cognitive neural mechanisms of verb argument structure processing become more complicated. The main functional brain regions corresponding to processing of more arguments involve left inferior frontal gyrus and posterior perisylvian regions, the main functional brain regions corresponding to processing of alternating argument subcategorizations involve left inferior frontal gyrus, middle-posterior frontal lobesuperior temporal gyrus and middle-posterior temporal lobe , the main functional brain regions corresponding to processing of alternating assignment mode of θ-roles involve posterior perisylvian regions, left middle-posterior frontal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus, the main functional brain regions corresponding to processing of noncanonical mapping involve left inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and posterior temporal lobe. Perhaps, left inferior frontal gyrus involves initial syntactic processing, the determination of the subcategory of verbs, syntactic movement processing and semantic processing of unaccusative verbs, left middle-posterior frontal lobe involves initial syntactic processing and the determination of the subcategory of verbs , left superior temporal gyrus and middle-posterior temporal lobe involve surface syntactic structure processing and argument syntax-semantic integration, posterior perisylvian regions involve argument semantic reprensatation. The process of verb argument structure processing and lexical properties of verbs indicate that there are interaction effects between or among some complexities. Some other issues need further exploration, including the corresponding relationship between the complexity of the verb argument structure and the difficulty of its processing, the difficulty hierarchy of verb argument structure complexities processing and the cognitive neural mechanisms of interaction effects of them, as well as the cognitive neural mechanisms of Chinese verb argument structure complexity processing. " "

  • 云环境下副本优化放置策略研究

    Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2019-01-28 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》

    Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of data scheduling and replica access in cloud computing, the paper studied the replica placement problem in replica strategy and proposed a replica placement strategy based on ant colony algorithm. According to the principle of ant colony foraging in nature, ant colony algorithm applies to the entire process of replica placement. The pheromone dynamic updating and Laplace probability distribution improves the ant colony algorithm, a set of optimal solutions is obtained for replica placement. Simulation is on the CloudSim platform. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the original ant colony algorithm in average job completion time, network utilization and load balance, and reduces the copy placement time consumption and network load to a certain extent.

  • 宿主防御肽调节动物肠道屏障功能的研究进展

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:肠道屏障功能主要是通过调节黏蛋白和紧密连接(TJ)蛋白的合成来实现的,这对维持动物肠道健康和生产性能至关重要。作为先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分,宿主防御肽(HDPs)在黏膜防御中发挥着重要作用。肠道中的HDPs缺乏与屏障功能障碍和稳态失调有关。HDPs通过直接诱导多种黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的表达来增强肠道屏障功能。HDPs的诱导化合物有改善动物肠道形态、生产性能和饲料转化率的功能。本综述将从HDPs对黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的转录调控作用、肠道屏障的分子调控机制以及动物生产性能的影响等方面进行综合阐述。

  • 复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究不同配比的复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响。选用320只1日龄健康的雄性爱拨益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组为试验组,饲喂基础饲粮+1 000 mg/kg复合益生菌制剂,复合益生菌制剂中枯草芽孢杆菌:酿酒酵母:嗜酸乳杆菌:乳双歧杆菌分别为2:1:1:1、1:2:1:1、1:1:1.5:1.5。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙的表观利用率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可知,在基础饲粮中添加不同配比的复合益生菌制剂均可改善肉仔鸡的养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态。

  • 复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究不同配比的复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响。选用320只1日龄健康的雄性爱拨益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组为试验组,饲喂基础饲粮+1 000 mg/kg复合益生菌制剂,复合益生菌制剂中枯草芽孢杆菌:酿酒酵母:嗜酸乳杆菌:乳双歧杆菌分别为2:1:1:1、1:2:1:1、1:1:1.5:1.5。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙的表观利用率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可知,在基础饲粮中添加不同配比的复合益生菌制剂均可改善肉仔鸡的养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态。

  • 不同水淹深度对鄱阳湖洲滩湿地植物生长及营养繁殖的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》

    Abstract:水淹深度是影响湿地植物生长和繁殖的关键因子,不同湿地植物对淹水深度存在着不同响应。然而,在水情不断变化的背景下,鄱阳湖洲滩湿地植物种群和群落如何变化还不清楚。为了探究淹水深度对湿地植物生长的影响,并预测鄱阳湖洲滩湿地植被分布的趋势,采用控制实验模拟了不同水淹深度(0、0.5、1 m和2 m)下鄱阳湖湿地3种优势植物(灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens)、南荻(Miscanthus lutarioriparius)和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea))的生长和繁殖情况。实验结果表明:1)水淹对灰化薹草总生物量的影响最显著。遭受水淹时,灰化薹草把大部分的生物量集中在地下部分;随着水淹深度逐渐增加,南荻的生物量逐渐减少;不同深度水淹对虉草生物量没有产生显著影响(P>0.05)。就生物量而言,虉草对水淹的适应性强于其他两种植物。2)不同水淹深度下,灰化薹草的株高都显著降低;而南荻只在2 m水淹梯度下株高才显著降低。在枯水年时,下降的水位有利于南荻向较低高程迁移。3)不同深度水淹对灰化薹草的分株没有产生显著影响(P>0.05);而虉草在经过2 m水淹后分株数显著高于其他水淹深度。在丰水年时,相比于灰化薹草和南荻,升高的水位对虉草的繁殖影响较小。在一个水位周期性变化的湿地生态系统中,不同深度的水淹对植物的生长及退水后的繁殖产生了严重影响,研究结果为预测水文变化对湿地植被的生存和分布提供了重要的依据。

  • 类风湿关节炎患者血清及滑液中DNase I活性检测及与炎症的相关性

    Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-01-25 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the potential role of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods DNase I activity was measured by radial enzyme-diffusion method in serum samples from 83 RA patients and 60 healthy volunteers and in the synovial fluid (SF) from 27 RApatients and 38 patients with other inflammatory arthritis. SF cfDNA level was measured with Pico Green Kit, and the correlation among DNase I activity, cfDNA level and clinical parameters of RApatients was analyzed. Results Serum DNase I activity was significantly lower in RApatients than in the healthy control subjects (0.3065±0.1436 vs 0.4289±0.1976 U/mL, P<0.001), and was negatively correlated with ESR(r=-0.2862, P=0.0122), CRP (r=-0.2790, P=0.0184) and neutrophil cell counts (r=-0.287, P=0.011). SF DNase I activity was almost negative in patients with RA, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and gouty arthritis (GA). SF cfDNAlevel in RApatients was significantly higher than that in patients with osteoarthritis (100.81±142.98 vs 18.98±31.40 μg/mL, P=0.002), but similar to that in patients with AS (45.85±47.67 μg/mL, P=0.428) and GA (162.95±97.49 μg/mL, P=0.132). In patients with inflammatory arthritis, SF cfDNA level was positively correlated with ESR (r=0.4106, P=0.0116) and CRP (r=0.5747, P=0.0002). Conclusion Impairment of DNase I activitymayberesponsiblefortheenhancedNETsgenerationandplaysaroleinthepathogenesisofRA.

  • 大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性研究

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在通过研究酵母硒对大口黑鲈生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构的影响,评价大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性。在基础饲料中分别添加0(Y0)、0.5(Y0.5)、2.5(Y2.5)、5.0 mg/kg(Y5.0)(以硒计)酵母硒,其中0.5是硒的最高推荐剂量,2.5和5.0 mg/kg分别是最高推荐剂量(0.5 mg/kg)的5和10倍。基础饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg。选用初始体重为(12.99±0.01) g大口黑鲈,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20尾,试验期为10周。结果表明:Y0组增重率和摄食率最低,同时其饲料系数也最低,均显著低于其余各组(P0.05)。硒日摄入量和肝脏硒含量呈显著线性相关(P<0.05),肝脏硒含量随硒日摄入量的提高呈线性增加。各组大口黑鲈的肝脏都有不同程度的损伤,但添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒对肝脏损伤有缓减作用。由上述结果可知,饲料中添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒(总硒含量为1.29 mg/kg)对大口黑鲈具有一定的脂肪代谢促进作用和抗氧化保护功能,且对大口黑鲈是安全的。本试验条件下,综合生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构,饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg时,大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受剂量为0.5 mg/kg(以硒计),即为硒的最高推荐剂量,安全系数为1。鱼粉、磷虾粉等动物蛋白质源中含有较高水平的硒元素,因此在高鱼粉水产动物饲料中补充硒要慎重。

  • 不同蛋白质源对草鱼和花鲈肉质影响的比较研究

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在比较不同蛋白质源对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)及花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicas)体成分、肌肉游离氨基酸组成及生、熟鱼片质构特性的影响。设计草鱼和花鲈饲料各3种,分别等氮等能。3种草鱼试验饲料分别为以鱼粉为唯一蛋白质源的CI-FM组(对照组),以混合植物蛋白质(豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白)替代80%鱼粉的CI-PPB80组及以混合植物蛋白质替代100%鱼粉的CI-PPB100组。3种花鲈试验饲料分别为鱼粉为唯一蛋白质源的LJ-FM组(对照组),以混合植物蛋白质(棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白)替代50%鱼粉的LJ-PPB50组和以混合植物蛋白质替代100%鱼粉的LJ-PPB100组。草鱼初始体重为(153.40±0.30) g,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼;花鲈初始体重为(12.97±0.03) g,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。饲喂8周后,检测2种试验鱼的体成分、肌肉游离氨基酸含量及鱼片质构特性、剪切力、滴水损失及胶原蛋白含量。结果表明:与CI-FM组相比,CI-PPB100组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量显著降低(P0.05);随着替代水平的升高,花鲈肌肉总游离氨基酸及呈味氨基酸含量显著降低(P0.05);花鲈的LJ-PPB100组硬度及黏附性显著高于LJ-FM组(P0.05)。根据结果,混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉后降低草鱼和花鲈鱼体脂肪的蓄积,对草鱼肌肉总游离氨基酸含量不造成影响,使花鲈肌肉呈味氨基酸含量下降,必需氨基酸含量减少,生物胺前体含量升高,货架期缩短;高植物蛋白质源饲料使得草鱼和花鲈的肉质均出现明显下降,而以高鱼粉饲料可以保证2种试验鱼有较高的肉质。

  • N掺杂对V-Al-C涂层微观结构、力学及摩擦性能的影响

    Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2017-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》

    Abstract:采用磁控溅射技术在硅片(100)和高速钢上制备V-Al-C和V-Al-C-N涂层,利用XRD,XPS,SEM,纳米压痕仪和摩擦磨损试验机 对比分析了涂层的相结构、化学组成、表面形貌、断面结构、力学性能以及不同介质中(大气、去离子水和海水)涂层的摩擦学性能。结果表明:V-Al-C涂层呈柱状晶结构生长,晶粒粗大;N的引入阻碍V-Al-C涂层的柱状晶结构生长,结构致密化,晶粒尺寸减小,形成非晶碳包裹纳米晶的纳米复合结构,使硬度从(14±0.48)GPa增加到(24.5±0.8)GPa,韧性得到相应提高(H/E>0.1)。摩擦试验结果显示:大气干摩擦条件下,V-Al-C涂层摩擦系数为0.70,引入N后V-Al-C-N摩擦系数降为0.42,这主要是由于V-Al-C-N涂层在摩擦过程中生成了具有润滑效果的V2O5,在非晶碳与V2O5耦合润滑作用下,涂层摩擦系数降低了40%;对于同一涂层,在去离子水和海水环境下的摩擦系数较大气干摩擦条件下降低,主要原因为:前者吸附的水分子可形成边界润滑作用。进一步研究表明:海水环境摩擦时,海水中Mg2+、Ca2+生成Mg(OH)2、CaCO3,均可提供进一步润滑效果,摩擦系数最低。在以上三种环境摩擦过程中,30min后V-Al-C涂层均因严重的磨粒磨损已磨穿而失效,且在腐蚀和磨损的协同作用下,海水环境中的磨损率最高。使用N掺杂制备的V-Al-C-N涂层均显示出良好的抗磨损性能,在干摩擦时磨损率为3.0×10-16m3/Nm,在海水中为1.4×10 15m3/Nm。