分类： 心理学 >> 发展心理学 提交时间： 2021-01-28
摘要： 动作发展障碍(Developmental motor disorders)是孤独症谱系障碍的常见特征。通过系统回顾孤独症儿童动作发展障碍的神经科学研究，发现γ-氨基丁酸和5-羟色胺浓度的改变及γ-氨基丁酸相关蛋白和Shank蛋白的表达异常不仅会损害中枢神经系统的发育，而且还能导致突触兴奋性与抑制性失衡，进而改变孤独症儿童小脑和大脑皮层运动区的功能连接。孤独症儿童小脑、基底神经节和胼胝体结构的改变对全脑的连通性产生了负面影响。神经生化机制和脑结构的异常共同导致了脑功能的异常，最终造成孤独症儿童的动作发展障碍。此外，动作发展障碍与孤独症核心症状共同的神经基础主要包括镜像神经元系统紊乱，丘脑、基底神经节和小脑异常以及SLC7A5和PTEN 基因突变。未来研究需要关注与运动密切相关的其他神经递质，如乙酰胆碱和多巴胺；探索动作发展障碍神经网络的动态机制及其形成；剖析该障碍的神经机制和自闭症核心症状神经机制的相互作用。
分类： 心理学 >> 管理心理学 提交时间： 2021-01-28
摘要： 厌腻感是指消费者对连续或过量消费同一产品或服务的效用感、享乐感或满意度下降，负面感知逐步抑制正面感知的主观情绪体验。为缓解或防止厌腻感的产生，消费者会采取品牌转换、多样化寻求、控制消费周期等行为。因此厌腻已成为企业或店铺培养顾客忠诚的主要障碍。国外文献分别从厌腻感的生成过程、功能反应、知觉状态和属性感知等方面，划分厌腻类型；剖析了厌腻感生成的享乐适应、边际效用递减、认知失调以及最佳刺激水平等理论原理及机理；探讨了生理厌腻感和心理厌腻感生成的诱发因素及其影响效应；验证了外部因素和个体因素对消费者厌腻感的调节作用；同时探讨了消费者应对厌腻的缓解策略或行为反应。最后对现有文献的研究思路、特点和不足进行评述，提出了未来研究方向。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2021-01-28
摘要： Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility that when people are in standing than sitting postures, they have a stronger cognitive control propensity, making them inclined to agree more to sacrificing one innocent and saving more people. Furthermore, this postural effect can be moderated by dual processes. In three studies, participants read dilemma scenarios followed by a proposed behavior to sacrifice one innocent and save five or more people. The participants in sitting or standing postures were asked whether the described action was morally acceptable (moral judgment) and whether they would perform the described action (moral action). The results demonstrated that participants were more approving of the behavioral proposal in the moral action perspective than in the moral judgment perspective across the three studies. The hypothesized postural effect was found in a field study (Study 1) and replicated in a pre-registered replication study (Study 2) and further supported in an experimental study (Study 3). Compared with those in sitting postures, participants in standing postures expressed higher approval of the behavioral proposal compared to their sitting counterparts. Furthermore, the postural effect was dismissed when participants made moral decisions with a dual task to increase cognitive load, and it was reversed when they made moral decisions after deliberate consideration of the behavioral proposal (Study 3). The present research supports and extends the dual-process morality theory by demonstrating that body posture can affect moral decision-making; it also offers novel evidence revealing the moderating role of dual process on embodiment effects. It enriches our knowledge that morality is evolutionarily embodied in postures and that the dual process can moderate embodiment effects.
点击量
点击量
下载量
评论
待评议
