Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Radiation Physics and Technology submitted time 2024-04-09
Abstract： Background Element capture logging can be used to determine the elemental contents of rocks in formations. Purpose This study focused on the BY2 well, the inaugural parameter well for shale gas in the Cambrian Niutitang Formation of the Baojing Block, located in the Middle Yangtze region. The aim is to investigate the developmental and distributional characteristics of shale gas reservoirs in this formation. Methods By interpreting and processing elemental capture logging data, precise elemental compositions of the shale reservoirs were determined. This analysis led to the creation of a comprehensive geochemical index profile for the Niutitang Formation. Additionally, elemental geochemical indicators were used to identify and reconstruct the paleosedimentary environments. Results The analysis revealed that the predominant elements in the Niutitang Formation’s shale were Si, Al, and Fe, accompanied by lower amounts of K, Ca, Mg, and S. The shale featured relatively high concentrations of Si, Fe, and S, which contributed to its enhanced fracturing ability. The sedimentation process of this shale could be categorized as active continental margin sedimentation. The source material for the sedimentary rocks originated from the Kangdian ancient land, located in the northwest. The sedimentation was primarily normal but was influenced by the presence of hydrothermal fluids in the region’s active tectonic zone. Conclusions The upper section of the Niutitang formation was subject to a dry climate during its depositional period, featuring gentle slope sedimentation at the periphery of a stagnant basin and a lack of oxygen. High water salinity, ample land supply, and low water body paleoproductivity characterized this region. Conversely, the lower section experienced a humid climate and served as a deep-water retention basin. Here, the land supply was limited, but water salinity and paleoproductivity were high, leading to the accumulation of organic matter. The aquatic setting was primarily anaerobic, conditions that were conducive to the preservation of organic matter, and provided an optimal sedimentary environment for the generation and concentration of shale gas.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-01-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Gallbladder cancer is featured by difficult early detection，poor treatment effectiveness and high mortality. An in-depth epidemiology research of gallbladder cancer can provide valuable data for the formulation of prevention and treatment strategies for gallbladder cancer. Objective To analyze the trend of disease burden of gallbladder cancer in China from 1990 to 2019，and to estimate its onset age，period，cohort effects and future trends. Methods Data of disease burden of gallbladder cancer，including the incidence，prevalence，mortality，disability adjusted life year（DALY）rate and corresponding standardized rates in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Research （GBD 2019）database from March to June 2023. The annual percentage change（APC）and average annual percentage change （AAPC）were calculated using Joinpoint to analyze the trend of disease burden of gallbladder cancer in China from 1990 to 2019. A Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis（BAPC）model was created to predict the incidence of gallbladder cancer in China from 2020 to 2030. Results From 1990 to 2019，the standardized incidence rate of gallbladder cancer in China significantly rose from 1.58/100 000 in 1990 to 2.01/100 000 in 2019，with the AAPC of 0.82%（95%CI=0.65%-1.00%，P<0.001）. The standardized prevalence significantly rose from 1.64/100 000 in 1990 to 2.40/100 000 in 2019，with the AAPC of 1.34%（95%CI=1.14%- 1.54%，P<0.001）. The standardized mortality significantly rose from 1.61/100 000 in 1990 to 1.82/100 000 in 2019，with the AAPC of 0.40%（95%CI=0.24%-0.56%，P<0.001）. The standardized DALY rate significantly rose from 35.18/100 000 in 1990 to 37.71/100 000 in 2019，with the AAPC of 0.25%（95%CI=0.12%-0.38%，P<0.001）. The BAPC model revealed that the net drift values for the incidence and mortality of gallbladder cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 were 0.99（95%CI=0.81-1.18） and 0.42 （95%CI=0.21-0.63），respectively. The incidence and mortality of gallbladder cancer increased with age，and the incidence of gallbladder cancer achieved the peak in people aged 80 years and above. The risk of onset and death of gallbladder cancer showed a decreasing trend at first and then an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend over time，both of which peaked from 2005 to 2009. In addition，the risk of onset and death of gallbladder cancer showed an increasing trend at first and then a decreasing trend over the time of birth cohort. The BAPC model predicted that the standardized incidence，morbidity，mortality and DALY rate of gallbladder cancer in China will show a slight upward trend from 2020 to 2030. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019，the standardized incidence，prevalence，mortality and DALY rate of gallbladder cancer in China showed an upward trend，and the disease burden was still serious. The prevention and treatment of gallbladder cancer among men and the elderly，and vigorous propaganda of medical knowledge about cancer prevention，biliary disease control and promotion of healthy lifestyles should be strengthen to reduce the disease burden of gallbladder cancer.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-08-21
Abstract： Voluntary simplicity is a lifestyle in which individuals attain inner abundance and fulfillment in the process of simplifying their external lives, as to give up the possession and satisfaction of physical materials. Instead of living under stress, growing numbers of young people value life quality more and turn to a voluntary simplicity that allows a better qualitative life. Particularly during the covid-19 epidemic, consumers' lifestyles and consumption patterns have shifted, with increased acceptance of online purchases and reduced material needs in response to the risk of outings. Voluntary simplicity has emerged as an important lifestyle, and to explore the definition, influences and consequences of this lifestyle, this review is arranged as follows： First, the definition of voluntary simplicity was clarified in two aspects of personal behavioral patterns and values, then this lifestyle was distinguished with similar concepts. (1) The main difference between voluntary simplicity and green consumption lies in the quantity of consumption, where avoiding excessive consumption is one of the goals of voluntary simplifiers, rather than green consumers; (2) The difference between voluntary simplicity and minimalism centralized on the nature of consumption, compared with minimalists, voluntary simplifiers attach greater importance to the conservation of environment and stronger ecological consciousness. Second, the influencing factors of voluntary simplicity were profiled from both macro-environmental and micro-individual perspectives. At the macro-environmental perspective, culture exerts a significant influence on consumers' purchasing behavior, with studies showing that consumers in collectivist cultures exhibit more pro-environmental behavior. In addition, the outbreak of Covid-19 epidemic has somewhat reduced individuals’ consumption desire, which provides a specific time context for the emergence of voluntary simplicity. At the micro-individual perspective, individuals may choose voluntary simplicity to satisfy different psychological needs, which can be theoretically supported in reference to need theory and self-determination theory; also, consumers may be motivated by different personal values to shift their lifestyles, such as altruism and green consumption values. However, the current study overlooked personality which is a more reliable predictor; future studies should consider exploring the motivations of voluntary simplicity from the perspective of personality traits and conducting research in different cultural contexts to verify whether the mechanism is cross-culturally consistent. Finally, the effects of voluntary simplicity on the environment and individuals were also compiled. Voluntary simplifiers highly value the ecological consequences of their purchases, and emphasize on self-sufficiency and moderate consumption, which have a positive impact on environmental sustainability. The higher the degree of voluntary simplicity consumers have, the less ecological consequences of their consumption behavior and the more friendly to environmental sustainability. The higher the degree of voluntary simplicity consumers have, the less ecological consequences of their consumption behavior and the more friendly to environmental sustainability. Researches have shown that controlling consumption desires and satisfying psychological needs are important factors in explaining the relationship between voluntary simplicity and life satisfaction, yet the mechanisms underlying this positive effect of voluntary simplicity remain inconclusive. Future research should be conducted to investigate empirically the multiple effects of voluntary simplicity and further explore potential mechanisms between voluntary simplicity and its positive or negative effects.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-07-21 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Inflammatory bowel disease（IBD） has become highly prevalent in recent years characterized by a prolonged disease course and high disease burden. However，there is a lack of data to understand the burden of IBD in China，which may hinder health care planning and resource allocation for the disease. Objective To investigate the burden of IBD and its variation tendency in China from 1990 to 2019，and analyze the influence of age，gender and period on IBD. Methods The incidence，mortality and disability adjusted life year（DALY） rate of IBD in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected using the Global Burden of Disease Database 2019. Joinpoint software was used to analyze the variation tendency and characteristics of standardized incidence，standardized mortality and standardized DALY rate of IBD，and Excel 2019software was used for data processing. Results From 1990 to 2019，the standardized incidence increased from 1.47 per 100 000 to 3.001 per 100 000 with AAPC of 2.50%〔95%CI（2.4，2.6）〕，the standardized mortality decreased from 0.86/100 000 to 0.35/100 000 with AAPC of -1.6%〔95%CI（-3.8，-3.4）〕，the standardized DALY rate decreased from 24.47/100 000 to 16.31/100 000，with AAPC of -2.20% （95%CI：-2.3，-2.0），the changes of trends were all statistically significant（P<0.05）. The standardized incidence and mortalityof of males were higher than females in each year，while the standardized DALY rate of females was higher than males before 1995，basically the same in males and females from 1995 to 2001，and higher in males than females after 2001. There was overall stable uptrend in the AAPC of the standardized incidence of IBD in all age groups by year（P<0.05） and overall downtrend in the AAPC of standardized mortality rate in all age groups，while the downtrend became slower with increasing age（P<0.05）. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019，the standardized mortality rate and DALY rate of IBD showed a downtrend，while the standardized incidence showed an uptrend. The standardized incidence and mortality of males were higher than females by year. The burden of IBD in elderly population deserves priority attention and will be a major public health challenge in China due to large population base and aging population.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-07-10 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Gastric cancer（GC）is one of the most heterogeneous and aggressive malignant tumors of the digestive system. Traditional chemotherapy drugs and epidermal growth factor receptor 2（HER2）targeted drugs such as Trastuzumab still have the disadvantages of high incidence of drug resistance，high toxic side effects and poor tolerance of patients. Therefore，it is imperative to develop more effective anti GC drugs. Novel targeted drugs against HER2 are currently available，but are ineffective or resistance in some cases，which is related to the low expression of HER2（HER2 IHC1+ or IHC2+/ISH-） in certain GC cells，accounting for about 40%-60% of all types. However，in clinical practice，these patients are still reported as HER2-negative GC. Therefore，accurate detection of HER2 expression is crucial to identify patients who may benefit from trastuzumab therapy. The emergence of antibody drug conjugates（ADC）provides a new therapeutic option for HER2-positive GC and it is expected to replace traditional GC chemotherapy in the future by its precise and efficient anti-tumor effect. Recent studies have found that ADC may have potential anti-tumor activity in HER2 low-expression GC，and related clinical studies are evaluating its effectiveness and safety in HER2 low-expression GC treatment. This article reviews the application and the latest research progress of ADC in HER2 low-expression GC patients in the era of targeted therapy and discusses the challenges faced in the application and development of HER2-targeted ADCs.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The study of digital humanities in ancient Chinese classics shows a promising future based on the digitization and intelligent processing of ancient classics, because the methods of quantitative analysis provides new perspectives. [Method/process] The study is based on the data of Spring and Autumn Annals and the Three Commentaries. With the annotation of knowledge on women in the books, the study provides quantitative analysis based on names, countries and other important knowledges about ancient pre-Qin Chinese women. This study also conveys the marriages between countries based on the data annotated before. The activeness in marriages representing the importance in diplomacy is deeply measured. [Result/conclusion] The study gives a new interpretation of the female characters in the books, proposes a measurable and visual research method which provides reliable data verifications for relevant researches. The methods in this study will provide reliable data for related traditional studied.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] To explore a humanistic knowledge base construction method based on word and entity retrieval and knowledge mining. [Method/process] This paper constructed the Zhou Qin Han Annals of the Zizhitongjian, achieved the automatic segmentation and part-of-speech tagging of the 68-volume 600,000-character text, manually annotated entity information such as persons, locations, GIS and time in the text, and designed the system of full-text retrieval and map visualization based on words and entities. This paper used co-occurrence information to get the relationship and travel information of the characters. By TF-IDF and time series analysis, the key periods, people and locations in history were automatically extracted and illustrated. [Result/conclusion] Depth information labeling based on words and entities is a good solution to the problems of word boundaries, same name with different person and different name with same person, and it can solid the basis for multi-studies on the knowledge mining and knowledge service of ancient books.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The classics are the carrier of Chinese traditional culture, thought and wisdom. Combining the methods of data acquisition, labeling and analysis of digital humanities, it is of great significance for the automatic entity recognition of classics for subsequent application research. [Method/process] The corpus was constructed based on 25 pre-Qin literature that have been automatically segmented and manually annotated, based on the corpus of different sizes and seven deep learning models of Bi-LSTM, Bi-LSTM-Attention, Bi-LSTM-CRF, Bi-LSTM-CRF-Attention, Bi-RNN, Bi-RNN-CRF and BERT, we extracted the corresponding entities that constituted historical events and compared their effects.[Result/conclusion] The accuracy of the Bi-LSTM-Attention and Bi-RNN-CRF models trained on all corpus reached 89.79% and 89.33%, respectively, confirming the feasibility of applying deep learning to large-scale text datasets.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract： Dew point corrosion (DPC) behavior of rolling Q235 steel was investigated using simulative equipment and electrochemical noise. The results indicated that mass loss of Q235 steel along the rolling direction (RD) is more than that along the normal direction (ND). The main reason was that the cementite was not so easily broken off along normal direction during the corrosion process because of the net-like characteristic of ferrite and pearlite. And weight loss resulting from galvanic corrosion in the two directions was nearly the same with each other.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Chinese scientists inherited national feelings of traditional intellectuals, practice the original ideals of saving, serving, revitalizing, and strengthening the country through science and technology on the road to centennial rejuvenation, have formed a spiritual temperament different from that of western scientists and created a valuable Chinese scientist spirit. As an integral part of the century-old spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China, the spirit of scientist is a powerful source of strength for building a world power in science and technology and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the study and education of the Party’s history, we will earnestly study and carry forward the spirit of scientist to gather great strength for achieving sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Leader unethical behaviors cause serious damages to organizations, thus it is critical to understand the occurrence mechanisms and antecedents of ethical leadership. The connotation of ethical leadership should include the perceived ethical leadership. Theoretical perspectives on the occurrence of ethical leadership include social learning theory, moral identity theory, personal trait perspective, three-factor model, organizational neuroscience perspective, ethics position theory, CPM theory, and leadership categorization theory. The influencing factors of ethical leadership and perceived ethical leadership include leader personal traits and cognitive factors, subordinates’ justice perception and status, and situational factors. Future research should pay more attention to the empirical research on the influencing factors of ethical leadership.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： China has already entered an important stage of both the consumer demand sustained growth and consumption structure upgraded being speeded up, thus the question of how to make the happy consumption or how to “buy” happiness has caused wide concern in public and government. Psychologist found that people derive more happiness from experiential consumption than from material consumption. And money priming would activate “value maximization mindset”; time priming would activate “emotional mindset” on the other hand, then to influence consumer’s decision-making. Based on these findings, this project started from the perspective of dual-process theory, using both the method of behavioral science and cognitive neuroscience, to reveal essence of the phenomenon of dual cognitive processing in consumer decision, and to clarify the relationship between money, time, consumer and happiness.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The Chinese market economic system is led by the government to a great extent, which has impeded the transformation of the Chinese economy from a factor driven economy to an innovation driven one. The question of how to maintain and promote innovation has caused wide concern of the researchers and enterprises. Researchers have found that the curiosity and inspiration belong to subprocess and component of creativity and innovation. Moreover, inspiration has a dependent psychological construct and varied process, which can be influenced by conscious emotions. Based on these findings, this project started from the perspective of dual-process theory (cognitive and affect processes) to reveal the phenomenon of inspiration triggered by curiosity. The project intends to testify processing mechanism of inspiration on both behavioral science and cognitive neuroscience levels. This project can not only contribute to the development of inspiration theory, but also help to foster the creativity and innovation of entrepreneur and employees.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Mortality cues, ubiquitous inside and outside the workplace, are specific events and experiences that trigger individuals’ death awareness, whose double-edged effect on employee performance has been supported by a body of studies. Existing studies have explained this effect drawing on terror management theory and generativity theory. Studies from the perspective of terror management have indicated that individuals' death anxiety will induce their self-protection motivations, which in turn predicts their work withdrawal behaviors such as absenteeism, turnover, and so on. On the other hand, studies from the perspective of generativity theory have suggested that individuals will actively reflect on their long-term life meaning in the face of mortality cues, and generate prosocial motivations that motivate them to make profound contributions to society, which in turn promotes their positive work behaviors such as helping others in the workplace. However, given that some studies have found that death anxiety has a positive effect on employee performance, and each of the above perspectives focuses on explaining a single effect of mortality cues, previous studies still fail to provide an overarching theoretical explanation for the key question “how and when does mortality cues have a double-edged effect on employee performance?”. Building on the unified perspective of transactional stress theory, this current review systematically sorts out the double-edged effect of mortality cues on employee task performance, organizational behavior, and counterproductive behavior, then analyzes the psychological mechanism and boundary conditions of this double-edged effect. Specifically, mortality cues can be conceptualized as a stressor both impeding and facilitating individuals’ personal goals and well-being, and individual's different cognitive appraisal (i.e., threat-based vs. challenge-based) of mortality-cues-based stressors will produce differential state death awareness (i.e., state death anxiety vs. state death reflection) and work behaviors. When it comes to appraisals of mortality-cues-based stressors, the threat-based appraisal of mortality-cues-based stressors will hinder their task performance and organizational citizenship and cause counterproductive behavior via state death anxiety, and the challenge-based appraisal of mortality-cues-based stressors will facilitate employee’s task performance and organizational citizenship behavior via state death reflection. In addition, this double-edged effect is also moderated by personal resources such as trait death reflection, psychological power, trait mindfulness, and promotion focus, as well as organizational contextual factors such as servant leadership and internal corporate social responsibility. Both personal and organizational contextual resources will strengthen the positive relationship between mortality-cues-based stressors and the challenge-based appraisal of mortality-cues-based stressors, and weaken the positive relationship between mortality-cues-based stressors and the threat-based appraisal of mortality-cues-based stressors. Explaining the double-edged effect of mortality cues from the perspective of transactional stress theory has both theoretical and practical implications. In particular, the perspective of transactional stress theory not only captures the interaction between objective mortality cues and individuals’ subjective cognitive appraisals, but also provides an overarching explanation for the generation of different state death awareness and its subsequent double-edged effects on employee performance. The divergence between death anxiety and employee performance may also be clarified by the theoretical insight that cognitive appraisals of mortality-cues-based stressors are a dynamic process. Practitioners can also conduct some intervention programs based on the above theoretical framework to help employees cope with mortality cues more adaptively. Future research can further explore antecedents and causality in the mechanism of the double-edged effect of mortality cues, testing the theoretical validity of mortality cues as a new type of stressor and clarifying whether the generation of state death awareness depends on cognitive appraisals of mortality-cues-based stressors or not. In addition, future research can also examine whether there are boundary conditions related to cross-domain contextual resources such as family intimacy, and develop more organizational intervention programs ranging long-term mindfulness intervention to short-term nudge strategies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Time and money are two important resources that affect consumer decision-making differently. Based on the dual-process theory, this paper discusses the effect of time and money concepts on consumers' purchase decisions and its psychological mechanism through reviewing previous literature. Specifically, the effect of time and money would be differential in consumers’ the purchase decision process such as pre-purchase stage, purchasing stage, and post purchase stage. For pre-purchase decisions stage, the concept of time and money will affect consumers' product search and product evaluation strategy. When consumers search for products, currency of search (time or money) will moderate the effect of magnitude of search costs on people’s willingness to search. When the currency is money, lower (vs. higher) search costs will result in higher willingness to search. When the currency is time, this effect of search costs on willingness to search will be relatively weaker. As for consumer’s product evaluation, they will adopt an alternative-based evaluation strategy to evaluate product information after they are activated time concept and adopt an attribute-based evaluation strategy to evaluate product information after they are activated money concept. For purchasing decision stage, the impacts of priming time and money on product selection are different. Consumers will make different choices between virtue and vice products, hedonic and utilitarian products, experiential purchases and material purchases, and anthropomorphized products when they are activated time or money concepts. That is, if the time concept is activated, consumers tend to choose a virtue product, hedonic product, experiential purchases and prefer anthropomorphic products with no prominent functional purpose. If money is activated, consumers tend to choose vice products, utilitarian products, material purchases and prefer the anthropomorphic products with prominent functional purpose. For post-purchase decision stage, the concepts of time and money also have different effects on consumers' product attitude and the consistency of product preferences. Time priming leads to a more positive attitude toward products and a higher degree of consistency in preferences than money priming. However, for luxury goods, free goods and high materialists, money priming has a better effect than time priming. From the perspective of the dual-process theory, the psychological mechanism due to different cognitive processing modes and mindsets that are primed by time and money. Concretely, because of the value of time are more ambiguous, difficult to calculate, difficult to explain, irreplaceable and intangible than money, consumers are more dependent on the experience system to process time and product information heuristically, holistically and affectively and fall into emotional maximization mindset. Because the value of money is more specific, easy to analyze, replaceable and tangible than time, consumers are more dependent on the rational system to process money and product information analytically and fall into value maximization mindset. As a result, due to the difference of time and money concepts, different processing methods and thinking patterns further lead to consumers make different purchase decisions in three aspects: pre-purchase decision (product search and product evaluation strategy), purchasing decision (product selection) and post-purchase decision (product attitude and the consistency of product preferences). Future research should further explore the following issues: (1) Elaborating the different effects of priming time and money on purchase decisions. (2) Considering the impact from the tradeoff between time and money on purchase decisions. (3) Further exploring the different influences of priming time and money on the pre-purchase decision. (4) Exploring the neural mechanisms underlying the different effects of time and money on purchase decisions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Inevitably, consumers will be exposed to death-related information in their daily lives. For example, they are informed about deaths and injuries caused by accidents, terrorism and disasters on social media. They may also encounter the experiences of deceased friends and relatives or the news of unfortunate strangers. Especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers are more frequently exposed to death cues. Researches have shown that consumers' decision-makings and purchasing behaviors shift when dealing with death threats. Compared to material consumption, experiential consumption delivers greater and persistent well-being and it is emerging as an extremely important consumption pattern. It is unclear, however, whether these mortality cues will exert positive or negative effects on consumers’ preference for experiential purchases. Based on the meaning maintenance model, 4 studies were conducted to examine how mortality salience influences consumers' preference for experiential purchases.In Study 1a and Study 1b, we experimentally manipulated mortality salience and examined its effect on consumers’ preference for experiential purchases. Study 1a (N = 140) was a single factor (mortality salience) between-subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to different groups to imagine about incurable infectious disease or dental surgery. Participants in Study 1b (N = 252) were instructed to write about death or dental pain. Study 2 (N =219) was designed to test the mediating role of meaning in life. Participants were required to read a news report concerning traffic accident or dental surgery, and then finish the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Study 3 (N = 166) was a 2 (mortality salience vs. control condition) × 2 (social support: high level vs. low level) between-subjects design. Participants were provided a news report pertaining to the global fatalities under the COVID-19 pandemic in mortality salience condition, and pertaining to global tourism during the pandemic period in the control condition. Social support was manipulated by writing in detail a difficult situation “in which your family or friends accompanied you”, or “in which you had to face all by yourself”. Additionally, we used a single-paper meta-analysis (SPM) to document a robust effect across all studies. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) Exposed to mortality salience will lead to stronger preference for experiential purchases. (2) The effects seem to be driven by meaning in life, whereby exposure to mortality salience undermines consumers' meaning in life, and consumers will gravitate towards experiential consumption to enhance their impaired meaning. (3) Social support moderates the effect of mortality salience on meaning in life. Only when consumers received low level of social support, will mortality salience reduce their meaning in life. (4) Social support moderates the mediating effect of meaning in life on mortality salience and preference for experiential purchases. Specifically, meaning in life mediates the effect of mortality salience on preference for experiential purchases only when consumers received low social support. To enhance the overall validity, we performed a single-paper meta-analysis (SPM) on the four studies. The SPM showed that consumers had greater preference of experiential purchase when exposed to mortality salience (Estimate β = 0.30, SE = 0.07, z = 4.178, p < 0.001), which strengthened the robustness of our general conclusion. This research yields practical implications by demonstrating that mortality salience exerts positive effect on consumers' preference for experiential purchases, which enables us to identify the changes in consumption patterns and mindset under the pandemic, providing references for marketing and promotion strategies.
Subjects: Mechanics >> Applied Mechanics submitted time 2023-03-20 Cooperative journals: 《应用力学学报》
Abstract： A rigid-flexible hybrid variable trailing edge wing is proposed to realize the contimuous chordwise camber change of the wing under drive control. Among them，flexible pneumatic muscle is used asthe driving device for the flexible section structure of the wing. In the study on the controlling method,first , the pneumatic muscle drive force model is derived. Then, the pseudo-rigid body modeling method isused to approximate the flexible structure as a single-joint robotic arm structure and establish its dynamicsmodel. In the next step，the Pl control model of the sliding mode variable structure based on the nominalmodel is established ， and the proportional coefficients，integral coefficients and sliding mode surface pa-rameters are rectified. On this basis , the test platform of variable camber control of the flexible section ofthe wing rib and the integrated deflection control platform of the typical wing box section are built.Through the tests,the ability of the flexible section structure to achieve the target camber in the elastic de-formation range is verified. The error between the actual deformation curve of wing rib and the target de-formation curve is only 8% . The dynamic performance of the control method and parameters are tested.'The actuation response time is 5. 5 s,the overshoot is 0，and the steady-state error is 6% . The test results verify the reasonableness and effectiveness of the control system. Finally, a comprehensive control test ofthe target angle is conducted for the wing box to test the variable structure performance of the overall system.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： Multi-interlayers of SiC/TaC ceramics gradient distribution were inserted into C/C composites by means of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and controlling the flow direction of reaction gas in the porous C/C preforms. The results show that, along the thickness direction of C/C composites, the content of SiC/TaC ceramic phase and the thickness of the multi-interlayer are decreased, while the structure of the ceramic phase also changes from multi-interlayer (Region I) to composite interlayer (Region II) and then single interlayer (Region III). In Region I, the SiC/TaC multi-interlayer is composed of five interlayers: the first SiC layer, the second TaC layer, the third TaC composite interlayer embedded with SiC particles, the fourth SiC composite interlayer embedded with fine mosaic-like TaC phase and the fifth white TaC layer. In Region II, the ceramic phase does no longer coat on the surface of carbon fiber in form of an interlayer, but of a cauliflower-like cluster. At last, the nano-hardness and elastic modulus of SiC/TaC ceramic multi-interlayer in Region I were also discussed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-06-27
Abstract：
Inevitably, consumers will be exposed to death-related information in their daily lives. For example, they are informed about deaths and injuries caused by accidents, terrorism and disasters on social media. They may also encounter the experiences of deceased friends and relatives or the news of unfortunate strangers. Especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers are more frequently exposed to death cues. Researches have shown that consumers' decision-makings and purchasing behaviors shift when dealing with death threats. Compared to material consumption, experiential consumption delivers greater and persistent well-being and it is emerging as an extremely important consumption pattern. It is unclear, however, whether these mortality cues will exert positive or negative effects on consumers’ preference for experiential purchases. Based on the meaning maintenance model, 4 studies were conducted to examine how mortality salience influences consumers' preference for experiential purchases.
In Study 1a and Study 1b, we experimentally manipulated mortality salience and examined its effect on consumers’ preference for experiential purchases. Study 1a (N = 140) was a single factor (mortality salience) between-subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to different groups to imagine about death or dental surgery. Participants in Study 1b (N = 252) were instructed to write about death or dental pain. Study 2 (N =219) was designed to test the mediating role of meaning in life. Participants were required to read a news report concerning traffic accident or dental surgery, and then finish the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Study 3 (N = 166) was a 2 (mortality salience vs. control condition) ×2 (social support: high level vs. low level) between-subjects design. Participants were provided a news report pertaining to the global fatalities under the COVID-19 pandemic in mortality salience condition, and pertaining to global tourism during the pandemic period in the control condition. Social support was manipulated by writing in detail a difficult situation "in which your family or friends accompanied you", or "in which you had to face all by yourself". Additionally, we used a single-paper meta-analysis (SPM) to document a robust effect across all studies.
The main results of this study are as follows: (1) Exposed to mortality salience will lead to stronger preference for experiential purchases. (2) The effects seem to be driven by meaning in life, whereby exposure to mortality salience undermines consumers' meaning in life, and consumers will gravitate towards experiential consumption to enhance their impaired meaning. (3) Social support moderates the effect of mortality salience on meaning in life. Only when consumers received low level of social support, will mortality salience reduce their meaning in life. (4) Social support moderates the mediating effect of meaning in life on mortality salience and preference for experiential purchases. Specifically, meaning in life mediates the effect of mortality salience on preference for experiential purchases only when consumers received low social support. To enhance the overall validity, we performed a single-paper meta-analysis (SPM) on the four studies. The SPM showed that consumers had greater preference of experiential purchase when exposed to mortality salience (Estimate β = 0.30, SE = 0.07, z = 4.178, p < 0.001), which strengthened the robustness of our general conclusion.
This research yields practical implications by demonstrating that mortality salience exerts positive effect on consumers' preference for experiential purchases, which enables us to identify the changes in consumption patterns and mindset under the pandemic, providing references for marketing and promotion strategies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2021-09-26
Abstract： It is usual for individual to feel socially excluded. As an unpleasant experience, social exclusion results in adverse effect on individual’s cognitive, physical and psychological functions. Social exclusion refers to a feeling of being ignored, rejected or isolated by other individuals or social groups. Previous studies have shown that individuals generally resort to consumption to alleviate the negative effects of social exclusion, for example, they have a preference for unique products and anthropomorphic products after being socially excluded. van Boven & Gilovich (2003) classified purchases into two types: experiential purchase and material purchase. Experiential purchase refers to those made with the main purpose of obtaining life experience such as watching a movie and going to a concert while material purchase refers to those made with the main purpose of obtaining a tangible good such as buying accessories and clothes. However, so far there are few studies attempting to examine the effect of social exclusion on experiential purchase and material purchase. The current research aims to explore the effect of social exclusion on experiential purchase and material purchase. Meanwhile, this research also interested in investigating the factors that might moderates the effects of social exclusion on experiential purchase and material purchase and factors that might mediate the moderating effects. Study 1a and 1b respectively used a single-factor (social exclusion vs. social inclusion) between-subject design to explore the effect of social exclusion on consumer purchase. Participants were asked to take times to imagine that they were the protagonist of the story and reported which consumption activity (experiential purchase or material purchase) to get involved after reading the story. In study 2, a two-factor (social exclusion vs. social inclusion; nostalgia vs. control) between-subject design were employed to investigate the moderating role of nostalgia and mediating role of social connectedness. Participants were randomly assigned to the socially included group or the socially excluded group. Social exclusion and inclusion were manipulated in the same way as study 1. Right after the exclusion or inclusion manipulation there was another task requiring participants to recall a nostalgic event or an ordinary event in order to manipulate nostalgia. Participants were also randomly assigned to nostalgic group and control group. Then they were required to report their feelings of social connectedness and decide which purchase (experiential purchase or material purchase) to have. Our findings are as follows：(1) Compared with those who are socially included, socially excluded individuals are more likely to have experiential purchase over material purchase. (2) Nostalgia moderates the effect of social exclusion on purchase. Specifically, after being socially excluded, there is a significant difference on the purchase decision between nostalgic individuals and control ones. Participants in the control group prefer to choose experiential purchase more than nostalgic individuals. However, for those who are socially included, there is no significant difference on purchase decision between nostalgic group and control one. (3) Social connectedness mediates this moderation effect. Taken together, these findings indicate that socially excluded consumers have a tendency towards experiential purchase, which enriches the researches of the antecedent of experiential purchase and the consequence of social exclusion. Furthermore, it reveals an important underlying mechanism to cope with the negative influence of social exclusion.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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