Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-09-10
Abstract： Remote associates test (RAT) and its variant Compound RAT (CRAT) are the most commonly used experimental materials to reveal the neural mechanism of convergent thinking and insight, as well as to measure individual creative potential. Compared with CRAT, RAT is more suitable for cross-cultural research. However, at present, there is a lack of equivalent Chinese RAT materials. Based on the classical hierarchical theory of association and the association characteristics in Chinese context, 80 items of Chinese word RAT (CWRAT) were developed. In addition, gradient scoring models were employed to assess responses. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted on the 80 items using the associative way as the classification indicator. The aim was to explore the impact of the classification results on various indicators of the items, such as insight level. Validity test showed that CWRAT was significantly correlated with creative analogy, creative achievement and openness. Based on the statistical indicators from LCA, CWRAT was classified into three categories, and found that the C1 and C3, characterized by a high probability of symbolic/metaphorical ways, exhibited higher levels of insight compared to the C2, which was characterized by a high probability of feature-based ways. Additionally, the C2 showed higher pass rate compared to the C3 and lower reaction time. This measurement enriches the existing Chinese creativity measurement tools and provides new materials for cross-cultural comparison of creativity.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Language lateralization is one of the most obvious characteristics of brain functional lateralization. Previous neuroimaging studies identified numerous brain regions associated with language lateralization, such as the frontal and temporal lobes, the cingulate and fusiform gyrus, the supplementary motor area, and so on.This review synthesizes current published literature relevant to language lateralization, with an emphasis on handedness and functional connectivity. Our findings show that language lateralization is positively correlated with handedness and intra-hemisphere connectivity but is negatively correlated with inter-hemispheric connectivity. Moreover, the left- and right-handers exhibit different correlation profiles between language lateralization and functional connectivity. We discuss the relationship between language lateralization, handedness, and functional connectivity, and we propose areas for further research.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The development of natural language processing has offered reliable and valid research methods for exploring the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking. There are more and more studies in this direction in recent years. However, the research findings are inconsistent in this line of research. It remains unknown whether semantic distance could predict creative thinking and whether this relationship is influenced by other potential factors. Therefore, a more comprehensive study is necessary to investigate the relationship between semantic distance and creativity. To fulfill such a research gap, the present study, based on the Associative Theory of Creativity and the Spreading-Activation Model, has investigated the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking by using a meta-analysis method. The reasons for the inconsistency of previous studies in this line of research were also analyzed. The current research has involved 14 studies and extracted 53 independent effect sizes from 4729 subjects. Since the heterogeneity test showed that there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 92.21), the random effect model was used for the meta-analysis. Results of funnel plots, Egger's test of regression, and Fail-Safe Number (Nfs) showed that there were low levels of publication bias in the selected publications. The sensitivity analysis also suggested that the meta-analysis in the present study had acceptable reliability. The main effect analysis suggested that there was a moderate level of correlation between semantic distance and creative thinking (r = 0.379, 95% CI [0.300, 0.452]). Further meta-regression analysis found that the correlation was moderated by the age of participants and dimensions of creative thinking. Specifically, the results suggested that the correlation between semantic distance and creative thinking decreased with the increase in the age of participants. In addition, the flexibility (r = 0.473, 95%CI [0.180, 0.688]) had a higher correlation coefficient with semantic distance than originality (r = 0.328, 95%CI [0.197, 0.447]) and fluency (r = 0.447, 95%CI [0.338, 0.545]). However, elaboration had a negative correlation with semantic distance (r = -0.533, 95%CI [-0.664, -0.372]). The current study showed that semantic distance was associated with creative thinking. It has been suggested that the moderation effects of the age of participants and dimensions of creative thinking might be the potential reasons for the inconsistent results in previous studies. In theory, the present study provides new perspectives and explanations for exploring cognitive and neural mechanisms of creativity. It contributes to the exploration of the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking. The current study offers better scientific evidence and important implications for interpreting, predicting, and improving creativity. In practice, the current study contributes to quantifying creative thinking by using semantic distance. Future explorations should investigate the relationships between semantic distance and domain-specific creativity (e.g., scientific creativity and artistic creativity), as well as the influence of other higher cognitive functions (e.g., cognitive control) on these relationships.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Amount of historical anecdotes suggest that the heuristic prototype is an effective method to get insight. The prototype heuristic theory suppose that insight obtain when people activate a prototypical example in nature and apply it to the problem at hand. In the real life, people often encounter a problem and then a heuristic prototype help them solve this problem. Some previous studies used the quartering problem and demonstrated that the automatic activation of prototype was the key process of prototype heuristic. However, this relationship was needed to test with real-life scientific innovation problems. Moreover, the mechanism of prototype activation also needed to explore further. Thus, present study used two experiments to test the cognitive mechanism of the prototype activation with real-life scientific innovation materials. In experiment 1, forty-eight participants were recruited to complete the prototype heuristic task. There were two stages in this task. In the first stage, participants needed to learn ten scientific problems that were randomly presented. They should press some buttons to indicate whether they have some knowledge of these problems. In the second phase, ten prototypes were presented and participants should first write which scientific problem learnt in the first stages could be solved by the current prototype. Then, participants needed to write how to solve the previous scientific problem with current prototype. The dependent variables were the prototype activation and the accuracy of the problem solving. In experiment 2, forty-seven participants completed the prototype heuristic task. The procedure was the same with experiment 1 and the prototype activation was the dependent variable. In experiment 1, a regression analysis was conducted. In this analysis, the problem activation was the independent variable and the accuracy of the problem solving was the dependent variable. The result of the regression analysis was R2 = 0.893, p < 0.001. This result suggested that the problem activation was the key process of problem solving. The results of experiment 2 showed that retrieval of the key words of the scientific problem significantly influenced the association of the problem and the prototype, t(44)= 27.677, p < 0.001. Moreover, match of the key words of the prototype and scientific problem significantly influenced the activation of the problem, t (44) = 8.744, p < 0.001. In addition, semantic similarity between the key words of the scientific problem and the prototype was significantly correlated with the problem activation, r = 0.202, p < 0.05. The results also showed that the difficulty of the prototype significantly influenced the problem activation, F(2,132)= 96.73, p < 0.001, h2p = 0.594. In summary, the results suggest that problem activation was the key process in the real-life problem solving enhanced by heuristic prototype. The semantic similarity between the feature function of the prototype and the required function of the problem is the mechanism of the problem activation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Creative thinking, which refers to the process by which individuals produce a unique, valuable product based on existing knowledge, experience, and multi-perspective thinking activities, is the cornerstone of human civilization and social progress. As an important part of the creative field, scientific inventions in particular require individuals to break the existing state and build new things in the process of creating them. Therefore, the use of real-life examples of scientific inventions to explore the cognitive neural mechanism of creative thinking has become a focus of recent research. There have been many studies of creative problem solving, especially regarding its neural mechanisms. However, less attention has been paid to the issue of problem finding. Hence, the present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and scientific invention problem-finding materials to identify the neural substrates of the process of scientific innovation problem finding. In the present study, nine scientific innovation problem situations were selected as materials. Each problem consisted of three parts: (paradoxical) problem situation, (misleading) old problem, and heuristic prototype. The modified learning-testing paradigm was used to explore the brain mechanisms of problem finding. Participants were asked to find a new problem based on the given problem situation and old problem in the testing phase after learning all the heuristic prototypes in the learning phase. A total of 104 undergraduates (mean age = 19.26 � 0.99) were enrolled in the final experiment. The rs-fMRI data were acquired using an echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence from a 3-T Siemens Magnetom Trio scanner (Siemens Medical, Erlangen, Germany) at the MRI center of Southwest University. We used both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to measure the local properties of rs-fMRI signals, and then investigated the relationship between ALFF/RSFC and individual differences in scientific problem finding.After controlling for age and sex, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that individuals with a high rate of useful problems had higher spontaneous brain activity in the left medial prefrontal cortex (L-mPFC) and cerebellum. Functional connectivity analysis further found a significant positive correlation between the rate of useful problems and the mPFC-Cuneus functional connectivity.Based on these results, we infer that: (1) The mPFC plays an important role in the process of scientific innovation problem finding. It might be responsive to two aspects: one involved in breaking the thinking set and forming novel association and another associated with the extraction and processing of working memory. (2) The cerebellum and the cuneus might be separately involved in the inter-semantic allocation of attentional resources and divulging.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Heterogeneity among mental health issues has always attracted considerable attention, thereby restricting research on mental health and cognitive neuroscience. Additionally, the person-centred approach to personality research, which emphasizes population heterogeneity, has received more attention. On the other hand, the heterogeneity among depressive patients has been a problem that cannot be ignored (most studies ignored the actual situation and directly assumed sample homogeneity). A large number of empirical studies have provided evidence that isolated personality traits are often associated with depression. Only a few studies have considered the probable effect from a taxonomy perspective. Moreover, the neural mechanisms of personality types in depression remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal different personality subtypes of depressive disorders and elucidate subtypes from the perspective of resting-state functional connectivity.Personality and resting-state functional imaging data of 135 depressive patients and 133 controls were collected. First, combined with “depression diagnosis”, the personality types in depressive patients and controls were identified through functional random forest. Specifically, neuroticism and extraversion (input features) were fitted with the diagnosis of depression by a random forest model. The random seeds were set to 1234, and 500 decision trees were fitted. The performance of the model was evaluated by tenfold cross-validation. Subsequently, the random forest algorithm generated a proximity matrix that represented the similarity between paired participants. Then, based on the proximity matrix, community detection clustering analysis was conducted on depressive patients and controls, and personality types associated with depression diagnosis were obtained. Finally, we selected nodes of the subcortical network as regions of interest according to the power-264 template and calculated the functional connectivity map of the region of interest to the whole brain. Based on the functional connectivity map, the differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the main types were compared.Personality and resting-state functional imaging data of 159 depressive patients and 156 controls were collected. First, combined with “depression diagnosis”, the personality types in depressive patients and controls were identified through functional random forest. Specifically, neuroticism and extraversion (input features) were fitted with the diagnosis of depression by a random forest model. The random seeds were set to 1234, and 500 decision trees were fitted. The performance of the model was evaluated by tenfold cross-validation. Subsequently, the random forest algorithm generated a proximity matrix that represented the similarity between paired participants. Then, based on the proximity matrix, community detection clustering analysis was conducted on depressive patients and controls, and personality types associated with depression diagnosis were obtained. Finally, we selected the amygdala, hippocampus, insula (AAL atlas) and limbic network, default network, and control network (Schaefer-Yeo template) as regions of interest and calculated the functional connectivity of the subcortical regions to the networks. ANOVA was used to compare resting-state functional connectivity between the personality types.The results showed the following. (1) Depression was more common among individuals with high neuroticism and low extraversion tendencies, but there were also individuals with low neuroticism and high extraversion tendencies. The controls were more likely to be individuals with low neuroticism and high extraversion. (2) The results of resting-state functional connectivity showed no significant difference between depression and controls. (3) The functional connectivity strength of the left amygdala/insula-limbic network was significantly different across personality subtypes.In summary, the personality subtypes of depression identified by person-centred perspectives are more in line with reality and individual cognitive patterns, and they have potential clinical adaptive value. The findings of this study enhance the understanding of heterogeneity among depressive disorders.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Humans are a social species that are constantly involved in complex relationships, reacting to the actions of others, and intentionally or unintentionally changing our own behavior. Personality traits reflect the behavioral pattern of an individual's response to the environment, which also includes social behavior. In addition, the brain is also an important factor when discussing social networks. The brain provides biological mechanisms for human behavior, while social networks provide external triggers for these behaviors. Linking personality traits and brain activity to social networks can help us better understand the structure of group relationships, improve our understanding of individual human beings, and help us better predict individual social behaviors and find the rules of information transmission in interpersonal relationships. From the perspective of a network, we collected nine social networks from 94 undergraduate students in the same grade according to their different social needs. We used the graph theory and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the influence of personality traits on social networks based on individual popularity and closeness between individuals and the relationship between the similarity of brain resting-state functional connectivity and social distance between individuals. Specifically, regression analysis was carried out, with personality traits as the independent variables and the different degrees of social networks as the dependent variables. Then, a correlation analysis was performed for the social distance and similarity of personality traits. Finally, the correlation between the similarity of the brain networks and social distance was calculated. The results showed that (1) individuals with high conscientiousness were more popular in social networks requiring "trust" traits, while individuals with high agreeableness were more popular in social networks requiring "fun" traits. These findings showed that in the same group, there are different social networks according to social needs, and the popularity of individuals in different social networks is not similar as it will be affected by the corresponding personality traits; (2) In the social networks requiring "shared interests & values, " personality similarity and social distance between individuals were significantly negatively correlated. Personality similarity promotes interpersonal communication between individuals, which may be realized through interpersonal attraction induced by the similarity of values and interests; (3) In the same social network, there is a significantly negative correlation between similarities in functional connections (FCs) and social distance among individuals, and these FCs are mainly concentrated in the fronto-parietal task control network and the dorsal attention network. The similarity of resting brain FCs among individuals may promote interpersonal communication, possibly due to the similarity of individuals in cognitive control and environmental processing bias, which increases the interpersonal attraction and shortening the social distance between individuals. The results revealed the influence of personality traits on the structure of different social networks, the relationship between personality trait similarity among individuals, and the similarity between resting brain networks and social distance, which has important implications for understanding the structure of social networks, the formation rules, and the information transmission rules among them. In addition, this study discussed the relationship between the similarity of resting-state FC and social distance, providing new evidence for studies on brain synchronization in interpersonal communication and brain imaging evidence for the study of the relationship between the similarity of personality traits and social distance.#social networks, personality traits, resting-state functional connectivity
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： In our complex social environments, life situations are ever-changing. When dealing with these changes, there is no one-size-fits-all response or regulatory strategy suitable for all situations. Emotion regulation flexibility (ERF)—a framework for understanding individual differences in adaptive responding to ever-changing life contexts—emphasizes that individuals can flexibly deploy and adjust emotion regulation strategies according to specific characteristics of stressful situations in daily life. To achieve regulatory efficacy, it is important that one can utilize a balanced profile of ER strategies and select strategies that fit well with particular stressful situations. Specifically, using multiple ER strategies in daily life, rather than relying on only single-strategies, would indicate higher ERF. Additionally, based on leading models of strategy-situation fit, certain ER strategies are more appropriate for high versus low intensity stressful events. For instance, distraction involves with shielding oneself from negative stimuli and replacing them with irrelevant things, which may have a greater regulatory effect in high-intensity negative situations. Conversely, strategies such as reappraisal, which involves the processing of negative situations through deep cognitive change, may be more effective in lower-intensity negative situations and as a cornerstone of longer-term ER. We used the experience-sampling method (ESM) to quantify individual’s ERF; more specifically we assess participants for 1) having more or less balanced ER strategy profiles and 2) showing greater strategy-situation fit, in regard to the use of distraction versus reappraisal in the regulation of high-intensity versus low-intensity negative life events. To test the adaptive value of ERF on negative emotions and mental health, we investigated the influence of ERF on depressive and anxiety symptoms in two samples. We hypothesized that individuals with a more balanced profile of ER strategy use and a great level of strategy-situation fit would have higher levels of mental health, indicated by low levels of anxiety and depressive feelings. In sample 1, two hundred eight college students finished the ESM procedure (2859 beeps). Intensity of negative situations was measured by self-reported negative feelings for the time points where participants reported an adverse event. Simultaneously, we assessed participants’ use of two ER strategies (i.e., distraction and reappraisal). Considering the negative impact of COVID-19 on people’s daily life, we collected another sample (sample 2, 3462 beeps) with one hundred people who lived in Hubei Province, where Wuhan was in lockdown during the severe phase of COVID-19 (March 7-13, 2020). We measured intensity of negative situations (by averaging individuals’ negative feelings), as well as the use of two ER strategies at corresponding time points. After completing the ESM procedure, the participants were asked to fill out a series of emotional health questionnaires, including Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Spielberger State Anxiety Scale. Multilevel models were used to fit the covariation between the use of distraction versus reappraisal ER strategies and the intensity of negative events. Additionally, we used multiple level regression models to test whether high level of strategy-situation fit would result in lower negative feelings. To test whether a single-strategy preference would lead to higher levels of anxiety and depressive feelings compared to a multiple-strategy preference, latent profile analyses (LPA) was used. Results from the LPA indicated that individuals with preferences for rumination and express suppression reported higher levels depression and anxiety than individuals with a multi-strategy preference. In the multilevel models, results of the two independent samples both suggested individuals who were more inclined to use a higher level of distraction in response to high-intensity negative situations (e.g., adverse events or during COVID-19) and use higher levels of reappraisal during low-intensity situations (i.e., high level of ERF) reported lower levels of anxiety and depressive feelings. On the converse, individuals who tended to use more distraction in low intensity situations and more reappraisal in high intensity situations, (i.e., those showing lower ERF) reported a higher level of negative feelings. Together, our findings revealed a negative relationship between ERF and mental health problems in two samples, suggesting that having balanced ER profiles and flexibly deploying strategies in specific life contexts may have adaptive value in facilitating positive mental health. This work deepens our understanding of the interaction between ER strategies and situational demands, paving the way for future intervention research to help alleviate negative emotions associated with affective disorders or the experience of major traumatic events (such as epidemics, earthquakes, etc.).
submitted time 2023-03-25 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The development of natural language processing has offered reliable and valid research methods for exploring the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking. There are more and more studies in this direction in recent years. However, the research findings are inconsistent in this line of research. It remains unknown whether semantic distance could predict creative thinking and whether this relationship is influenced by other potential factors. Therefore, a more comprehensive study is necessary to investigate the relationship between semantic distance and creativity. To fulfill such a research gap, the present study, based on the Associative Theory of Creativity and the Spreading-Activation Model, has investigated the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking by using a meta-analysis method. The reasons for the inconsistency of previous studies in this line of research were also analyzed. The current research has involved 14 studies and extracted 53 independent effect sizes from 4729 subjects. Since the heterogeneity test showed that there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 92.21), the random effect model was used for the meta-analysis. Results of funnel plots, Egger's test of regression, and Fail-Safe Number (Nfs) showed that there were low levels of publication bias in the selected publications. The sensitivity analysis also suggested that the meta-analysis in the present study had acceptable reliability. The main effect analysis suggested that there was a moderate level of correlation between semantic distance and creative thinking (r = 0.379, 95% CI [0.300, 0.452]). Further meta-regression analysis found that the correlation was moderated by the age of participants and dimensions of creative thinking. Specifically, the results suggested that the correlation between semantic distance and creative thinking decreased with the increase in the age of participants. In addition, the flexibility (r = 0.473, 95%CI [0.180, 0.688]) had a higher correlation coefficient with semantic distance than originality (r = 0.328, 95%CI [0.197, 0.447]) and fluency (r = 0.447, 95%CI [0.338, 0.545]). However, elaboration had a negative correlation with semantic distance (r = -0.533, 95%CI [-0.664, -0.372]). The current study showed that semantic distance was associated with creative thinking. It has been suggested that the moderation effects of the age of participants and dimensions of creative thinking might be the potential reasons for the inconsistent results in previous studies. In theory, the present study provides new perspectives and explanations for exploring cognitive and neural mechanisms of creativity. It contributes to the exploration of the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking. The current study offers better scientific evidence and important implications for interpreting, predicting, and improving creativity. In practice, the current study contributes to quantifying creative thinking by using semantic distance. Future explorations should investigate the relationships between semantic distance and domain-specific creativity (e.g., scientific creativity and artistic creativity), as well as the influence of other higher cognitive functions (e.g., cognitive control) on these relationships.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2022-11-20
Abstract：
The development of natural language processing has offered reliable and valid research methods for exploring the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking. There are more and more studies in this direction in recent years. However, the research findings are inconsistent in this direction. Based on the Associative Theory of Creativity and the Spreading#2;Activation Model, the present study investigated the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking by using a meta-analysis method. The reasons for the inconsistency of previous studies in this line of research were also analyzed. The current research involved 14 studies and extracted 53 effect sizes from 4729 subjects. The random effect model was used for the meta#2;analysis. The results showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between semantic distance and creative thinking (r = 0.379, 95%CI [0.300, 0.452]). The meta-regression analysis found that the correlation was moderated by the age of participants and dimensions of creative thinking. Specifically, the results suggested that the correlation between semantic distance and creative thinking decreased with the increase in the age of participants. In addition, flexibility had a higher correlation coefficient with semantic distance than originality and fluency. However, elaboration had a negative correlation with semantic distance. This is the potential reason for the inconsistent results in previous studies. The current study provides new perspectives and explanations for exploring cognitive and neural mechanisms of creativity. It contributes to the exploration of the relationship between semantic distance and creative thinking. The current study offers better scientific evidence and important implications for interpreting, predicting, and improving creativity.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2022-11-18
Abstract：
Heterogeneity among mental health issues has always attracted considerable attention, thereby restricting research on mental health and cognitive neuroscience. Additionally, the person-centred approach to personality research, which emphasizes population heterogeneity, has received more attention. On the other hand, the heterogeneity among depressive patients has been a problem that cannot be ignored (most studies ignored the actual situation and directly assumed sample homogeneity). A large number of empirical studies have provided evidence that isolated personality traits are often associated with depression. Only a few studies have considered the probable effect from a taxonomy perspective. Moreover, the neural mechanisms of personality types in depression remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal different personality subtypes of depressive disorders and elucidate subtypes from the perspective of resting-state functional connectivity. Personality and resting-state functional imaging data of 135 depressive patients and 133 controls were collected. First, combined with "depression diagnosis", the personality types in depressive patients and controls were identified through functional random forest. Specifically, neuroticism and extraversion (input features) were fitted with the diagnosis of depression by a random forest model. The random seeds were set to 1234, and 500 decision trees were fitted. The performance of the model was evaluated by tenfold cross-validation. Subsequently, the random forest algorithm generated a proximity matrix that represented the similarity between paired participants. Then, based on the proximity matrix, community detection clustering analysis was conducted on depressive patients and controls, and personality types associated with depression diagnosis were obtained. Finally, we selected nodes of the subcortical network as regions of interest according to the power-264 template and calculated the functional connectivity map of the region of interest to the whole brain. Based on the functional connectivity map, the differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the main types were compared. Personality and resting-state functional imaging data of 159 depressive patients and 156 controls were collected. First, combined with "depression diagnosis", the personality types in depressive patients and controls were identified through functional random forest. Specifically, neuroticism and extraversion (input features) were fitted with the diagnosis of depression by a random forest model. The random seeds were set to 1234, and 500 decision trees were fitted. The performance of the model was evaluated by tenfold cross-validation. Subsequently, the random forest algorithm generated a proximity matrix that represented the similarity between paired participants. Then, based on the proximity matrix, community detection clustering analysis was conducted on depressive patients and controls, and personality types associated with depression diagnosis were obtained. Finally, we selected the amygdala, hippocampus, insula (AAL atlas) and limbic network, default network, and control network (Schaefer-Yeo template) as regions of interest and calculated the functional connectivity of the subcortical regions to the networks. ANOVA was used to compare resting-state functional connectivity between the personality types. The results showed the following. (1) Depression was more common among individuals with high neuroticism and low extraversion tendencies, but there were also individuals with low neuroticism and high extraversion tendencies. The controls were more likely to be individuals with low neuroticism and high extraversion. (2) The results of resting-state functional connectivity showed no significant difference between depression and controls. (3) The functional connectivity strength of the left amygdala/insula-limbic network was significantly different across personality subtypes. In summary, the personality subtypes of depression identified by person-centred perspectives are more in line with reality and individual cognitive patterns, and they have potential clinical adaptive value. The findings of this study enhance the understanding of heterogeneity among depressive disorders.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-08-01
Abstract： In our complex social environments, life situations are ever-changing. When dealing with these changes, there is no one-size-fits-all response or regulatory strategy suitable for all situations. Emotion regulation flexibility (ERF)—a framework for understanding individual differences in adaptive responding to ever-changing life contexts—emphasizes that individuals can flexibly deploy and adjust emotion regulation strategies according to specific characteristics of stressful situations in daily life. To achieve regulatory efficacy, it is important that one can utilize a balanced profile of ER strategies and select strategies that fit well with particular stressful situations. Specifically, using multiple ER strategies in daily life, rather than relying on only single-strategies, would indicate higher ERF. Additionally, based on leading models of strategy-situation fit, certain ER strategies are more appropriate for high versus low intensity stressful events. For instance, distraction involves with shielding oneself from negative stimuli and replacing them with irrelevant things, which may have a greater regulatory effect in high-intensity negative situations. Conversely, strategies such as reappraisal, which involves the processing of negative situations through deep cognitive change, may be more effective in lower-intensity negative situations and as a cornerstone of longer-term ER. We used the experience-sampling method (ESM) to quantify individual’s ERF; more specifically we assess participants for 1) having more or less balanced ER strategy profiles and 2) showing greater strategy-situation fit, in regard to the use of distraction versus reappraisal in the regulation of high-intensity versus low-intensity negative life events. To test the adaptive value of ERF on negative emotions and mental health, we investigated the influence of ERF on depressive and anxiety symptoms in two samples. We hypothesized that individuals with a more balanced profile of ER strategy use and a great level of strategy-situation fit would have higher levels of mental health, indicated by low levels of anxiety and depressive feelings. In sample 1, two hundred eight college students finished the ESM procedure (2859 beeps). Intensity of negative situations was measured by self-reported negative feelings for the time points where participants reported an adverse event. Simultaneously, we assessed participants’ use of two ER strategies (i.e., distraction and reappraisal). Considering the negative impact of COVID-19 on people’s daily life, we collected another sample (sample 2, 3462 beeps) with one hundred people who lived in Hubei Province, where Wuhan was in lockdown during the severe phase of COVID-19 (March 7-13, 2020). We measured intensity of negative situations (by averaging individuals’ negative feelings), as well as the use of two ER strategies at corresponding time points. After completing the ESM procedure, the participants were asked to fill out a series of emotional health questionnaires, including Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Spielberg State Anxiety Scale. Multilevel models were used to fit the covariation between the use of distraction versus reappraisal ER strategies and the intensity of negative events. Additionally, we used multiple level regression models to test whether high level of strategy-situation fit would result in lower negative feelings. To test whether a single-strategy preference would lead to higher levels of anxiety and depressive feelings compared to a multiple-strategy preference, latent profile analyses (LPA) was used. Results from the LPA indicated that individuals with preferences for rumination and express suppression reported higher levels depression and anxiety than individuals with a multi-strategy preference. In the multilevel models, results of the two independent samples both suggested individuals who were more inclined to use a higher level of distraction in response to high-intensity negative situations (e.g., adverse events or during COVID-19) and use higher levels of reappraisal during low-intensity situations (i.e., high level of ERF) reported lower levels of anxiety and depressive feelings. On the converse, individuals who tended to use more distraction in low intensity situations and more reappraisal in high intensity situations, (i.e., those showing lower ERF) reported a higher level of negative feelings. Together, our findings revealed a negative relationship between ERF and mental health problems in two samples, suggesting that having balanced ER profiles and flexibly deploying strategies in specific life contexts may have adaptive value in facilitating positive mental health. This work deepens our understanding of the interaction between ER strategies and situational demands, paving the way for future intervention research to help alleviate negative emotions associated with affective disorders or the experience of major traumatic events (such as epidemics, earthquakes, etc.).
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-07-27
Abstract： " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-07-21
Abstract： Creative thinking, which refers to the process by which individuals produce a unique, valuable product based on existing knowledge, experience, and multi-perspective thinking activities, is the cornerstone of human civilization and social progress. As an important part of the creative field, scientific inventions in particular require individuals to break the existing state and build new things in the process of creating them. Therefore, the use of real-life examples of scientific inventions to explore the cognitive neural mechanism of creative thinking has become a focus of recent research. There have been many studies of creative problem solving, especially regarding its neural mechanisms. However, less attention has been paid to the issue of problem finding. Hence, the present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and scientific invention problem-finding materials to identify the neural substrates of the process of scientific innovation problem finding. In the present study, nine scientific innovation problem situations were selected as materials. Each problem consisted of three parts: (paradoxical) problem situation, (misleading) old problem, and heuristic prototype. The modified learning-testing paradigm was used to explore the brain mechanisms of problem finding. Participants were asked to find a new problem based on the given problem situation and old problem in the testing phase after learning all the heuristic prototypes in the learning phase. A total of 104 undergraduates (mean age = 19.26±0.99) were enrolled in the final experiment. The rs-fMRI data were acquired using an echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence from a 3-T Siemens Magnetom Trio scanner (Siemens Medical, Erlangen, Germany) at the MRI center of Southwest University. We used both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to measure the local properties of rs-fMRI signals, and then investigated the relationship between ALFF/RSFC and individual differences in scientific problem finding. After controlling for age and sex, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that individuals with a high rate of useful problems had higher spontaneous brain activity in the left medial prefrontal cortex (L-mPFC) and cerebellum. Functional connectivity analysis further found a significant positive correlation between the rate of useful problems and the mPFC-Cuneus functional connectivity. Based on these results, we infer that: (1) the mPFC plays an important role in the process of scientific innovation problem finding. It might be responsive to two aspects: one involved in breaking the thinking set and forming novel association and another associated with the extraction and processing of working memory. (2) The cerebellum and the cuneus might be separately involved in the inter-semantic allocation of attentional resources and divulging. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2018-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Reactive aggression has been widely concerned by researchers because of its serious impact on society, such as violent crimes. Existing neuroimaging studies using patients with high levels of aggression indicated a network of brain regions subserve reactive aggression, including amygdala, caudate nucleus, and orbitofrontal cortex. Furthermore, researchers believed that reduced prefrontal activity along with heightened subcortical activity in the context of provocative stimuli poses an increased risk for reactive aggression. However, evidence for this theory in healthy population is lacking, especially this independently of the experiment task.
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2017-03-23
Abstract：摘要： 目的 介绍“中国彩巢计划：成长在中国（Chinese Color Nest Project – CCNP: Growing Up in China 2013-2022）”大型学龄儿童青少年脑与行为生长曲线项目。 方法 在全国范围内分期分步地开展毕生发展各年龄段的心理行为与脑影像样本积累，未来十年 CCNP 将基于加速纵向实验设计方法，建立中国人脑毕生发展的常模轨线。 结果 作为“彩巢”计划的脑发育项目，devCCNP 已经完成对重庆北碚区 192 名健康儿童青少年（6-18 岁）的 5 年追踪。 结论 devCCNP就实验设计、样本采集策略、数据获取和存储、初步结果和数据共享等方面都说明本计划具备长期实施的可行性。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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