Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The influence of music on language is a widely researched topic and an important issue in interdisciplinary research. In recent years, research evidence from behavioral and cognitive neuroscience has further shown that musical experience can be transferred across domains to second language acquisition, which is manifested in the promotion of second language processing in three aspects: (1) musical experience can enhance the understanding of a second language, specifically the perception and vocabulary acquisition of the second language. Future research could further take the types and duration of musical training as variables for the aim of revealing such a transfer effect more precisely; (2) musical experience can facilitate the production of a second language, which may be related to different types of musical experience and dimensions (e.g., pitch perception and rhythm perception). However, current experimental tasks are relatively limited, usually using speech imitation tasks and phonology scoring tasks, and future studies can investigate the relationship between individual second language production ability and musical experience in scene dialogue and actual communication; (3) musical experience can promote second language learning and evidence has been found among different age groups with regard to vocabulary and syntax learning. However, there is still insufficient research on exploring the impact of early musical experience on second language learning for adults at different ages. As research deepens, some researchers have begun to explore the internal mechanisms of music in second language processing. Their research conclusion can be summarized into following two pathways: (1) musical experience promotes language processing by enhancing the processing of shared acoustic clues between music and language; (2) musical experience improves individual general cognitive processing abilities, especially auditory attention and memory, thereby enhancing language processing abilities. However, it should be noted that existing research on mechanisms has mostly revealed the commonalities of three levels of music on second language processing and has not yet deeply explored the possible differences on these three level mechanisms. Finally, we point out that existing research still has some limitations and they can be directions for future research: (1) The study of how musical experience enhances second language processing can be further explored from language, music, and participant group perspectives, such as enriching the study of musical experience on second language production and learning, conducting more rigorous variable controls when examining participants' musical experience(for instance, richness of the musical environment of childhood can be an important factor to be considered when assessing the individual musical experience) and studying special groups with language processing disorders; (2) It is necessary to strictly distinguish the role of innate musical talent and acquired musical experience in research. We suggest longitudinal studies to be used more frequently in the research. By comparing the performance of individuals with different musical talents in second language processing before and after receiving music learning, longitudinal studies can be helpful to clarify the internal mechanism of innate musical talent and acquired musical training affecting second language processing; (3) Explore the extent of the relationship and differences between musical experience and second language processing as well as native language processing. Some studies have found that musical experience may have different effects on the understanding of native language and second language, revealing that the promotion of musical experience on language processing may be moderated by language familiarity. Future research can extend to the fields of language production and learning. In the process of experimental design, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of native language and second language, set up appropriate experimental materials and tasks, and avoid the ceiling effect in the mother tongue processing as well as the floor effect in the second language processing. At the same time, the age selection of participants also needs to be carefully considered.Overall, this article can provide some insights for the interdisciplinary study of music and language at the behavioral and cognitive neuroscience levels. Meanwhile, the topic also has application values in education and clinical treatment.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-06-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
DU Yuying
WANG Cailing
CUI Senlin
LEI lei
WANG Yanping
SONG Xueqin
HAN Shuqin
ZHANG Yanmei
WANG Baolan
HUANG Haixia
CHEN Mi
YAN Huirong
LI Dong
ZHANG Jingjing
REN Yu
Abstract： Background Promoting appropriate health technology to rural and urban communities is an important measure to improve the technical level and service capacity of primary care institutions. The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University carried out the promotion of appropriate health technology in southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous. Objective To evaluate the effect of appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation in Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，understand the needs of rehabilitation workers in Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation and the goals they hope to achieve by participating in appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation projects，providing a basis for health administrative departments to implement appropriate rehabilitation technology promotion work. Methods The rehabilitation workers from the rehabilitation medicine departments of 8 people's hospitals，affiliated township health centers and communities health centers，federation of the disabled，civil affairs system and other rehabilitation institutions in 8 deep poverty-stricken counties which were considered as sample source sites by using a multi-stage sampling method in July 2018. The appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation was performed followed by a investigation by using self-designed questionnaire. The monthly outpatient volume，hospitalization volume and treatment income of the rehabilitation medicine department of people's hospitals before（January 1，2018 to June 30，2018）and after participation（July 1，2020 to December 31，2020）in technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation projects were compared. Results The appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation in acute，subacute and convalescent stages，as well as community and family rehabilitation of stroke was performed from January 1，2018 to June 30，2018，involving motor function rehabilitation training，functional electrical stimulation，mandatory exercise therapy techniques，constraint induced movement therapy（CIMT），mirror therapy，management and rehabilitation training of dysphagia，daily living activities training and rehabilitation care of stroke patient. A total of 384 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 384 rehabilitation workers, 63.3%（243/384）identified the appropriate technology promotion within districts（counties）as very meaningful；46.1%（177/384）thought the project was very applicable in their local area；37.5%（144/384）believed that the technology for stroke rehabilitation can be carried out in their medical institutions with a slight improvement of the relevant conditions；46.9%（180/384）believed that the difficulty level of the appropriate technology promotion project was easy in terms of operation skills；after the training，42.2%（162/384）claimed to be knowledgeable about the technology and need to learn and receive further training. The monthly outpatient volume and monthly treatment income of the rehabilitation medicine department of people's hospitals after participating in stroke rehabilitation technology promotion projects increased significantly compared with before participation（P<0.05）. In terms of technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation，rehabilitation workers have the highest demand for practical training〔63.0%（242/384）〕，and the lowest demand for teaching rounds〔19.8%（76/384）〕. The percentages of workers who expected to improve operational ability〔77.1%（296/384）〕and theoretical level 〔65.6%（252/384）〕by participating in the appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation project ranked 1st and 2nd，respectively. Conclusion The promotion work of appropriate technology for stroke rehabilitation has achieved significant results. At present，there is a huge demand for rehabilitation of stroke patients in southern Xinjiang，but the overall rehabilitation medical service capacity is far from meeting the social needs. A series of initiatives can be taken to effectively improve the level of rehabilitation therapy in southern Xinjiang，including strengthening the promotion of appropriate health technology，encouraging rehabilitation workers to participate in further education and training，actively carrying out telehealth services，and accelerating the construction of medical associations.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Grey prediction method can effectively deal with small sample data widely existing in information research. This paper analyzed the application of grey prediction in information research and summarized the shortcomings in the application process, laying the foundation for further application of grey prediction method in information research.[Method/process] By reviewing the literatures related to grey prediction method in information research, this paper gave an overview of data selection, model construction and solved problems of grey predicting method in information research, summarized the problems existing in the application of grey prediction method in current information research, and put forward suggestions for improvement.[Result/conclusion] In the application of the method, the research mainly adopts the sequence grey prediction, and the model focuses on the univariate grey prediction model. According to different prediction objects, grey prediction method has been well applied in journal analysis, library operation management, hot topic analysis and evaluation of scientific research institutions. In the future, different grey prediction methods can be tried according to the characteristics of the prediction object and the research objectives, and the application of grey prediction method can be expanded to other information research issues.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： In language and music development, smaller elements combine into larger units, which eventually form hierarchical structures. Previous studies have found that listeners can segment continuous stream of speech and music into hierarchies and represent them in a hierarchical way. On the basis of perception, listeners can also integrate incoming language and music events into hierarchical structures to form a coherent understanding and ultimately complete the communication smoothly. Future studies should analyze the role of boundary clues in hierarchical structure perception, examine the influencing factors of integration processes at different time scales, and further explore the relationship between language and music hierarchical structure processing.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Music and language are the two most important sign systems for human beings. Similar to language, music is also constructed on certain syntactic rules. Although evidence has shown that listeners are sensitive to musical syntax, the underlying cognitive mechanism and its influencing factors are still unknown. Therefore, we intend to further explore the role of prediction and integration in musical syntactic processing, as well as the impact of musical hierarchical and temporal structures on musical syntactic processing. We expect the proposed studies to further reveal the nature of musical syntactic processing, and to provide empirical evidence for the comparison between music and language and the exploration of human general communication mechanism.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Ample statistical learning (SL) studies have shown that individuals can perform word segmentation by tracking the likelihood of syllable co-occurrences in continuous speech. The classic “exposure-test” paradigm was widely used in this field, in which participants were first exposed to an artificial language and then tested in a forced choice task to assess learning effects. Recently, research has shown that participants' linguistic background, including their phonological and lexical experience, may result in experience-dependent SL. After a systematic review, we also discuss the direction for future SL studies. Specifically, we suggest that for studies involving Mandarin native speakers, researchers should carefully examine the separate and combined effects of various linguistic experience in order to better understand statistical word segmentation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Many enterprises have adopted AI services to respond to customer needs, yet several studies indicate that users are not always satisfied with AI in service. This study explores the key factors that drive users' attitudes toward AI services and usage promotion strategies based on the generation and influence of users' mind perceptions of AI, which including (1) Mechanism analysis: How do the cues and experiential factors of users' early contact with AI lead to the perception that AI is “good at computing but not feeling”? This study argues that past frustrations with AI in emotional-social service scenarios and mass media portrayals of AI as “highly intelligent and low in emotional intelligence” have led users to develop the perception that AI is good at computation but lacks feelings. This makes users willing to use AI for functional purposes only in cognitive-analytical tasks, but not like to establish empathic connections with AI in emotional-social tasks. (2) Moderating effects: How do different internal user states and external AI features moderate the formation and activation of this mind perception toward AI? This study believes that higher frequency of AI use and technology use self-efficacy make individuals more likely to establish para-friendship relationships with AI, those two factors that inhibit the formation of mind perceptions that users believe AI is good at computing but lacks feeling. On the other hand, the degree of anthropomorphism and the degree of flexibility in the task influenced individuals' cognitive cues to AI, those two factors that inhibit the activation of the user's mind perception toward AI. (3) Facilitation strategies: With the reverse utilization of mind perception, how can the mimicry of AI as warmth animals and the provision of technical assistance enable users to accept services from AI in a wider range of scenarios? This study proposes that by designing an information framework that demonstrates the computational power of AI and at the same time, mimics AI as an animal with “high warmth” quality, it can reconcile the paradox of “AI is good at computation but lacks feeling” and promote the user's perception of AI's empathic ability. This will increase users' willingness to use AI in emotional-social tasks. On the other hand, providing users with tips and technical assistance when interacting with AI can help build a joint interaction model between AI and humans, reduce users' concerns about AI's lack of empathic capacity, and increase people's willingness to use AI in emotional-social tasks. This study attempts to construct a new model of AI service acceptance based on the theory of mind perception at the theoretical level and provide a psychological reference for theoretically explaining users' ambivalent attitudes toward AI services. At the practical level, this study attempts to propose two pathways to facilitate users' acceptance of AI services with the help of mind perception theory and provide a technical reference for enterprises to enhance the effectiveness of AI applications in their service processes.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Statistical Learning (SL) has long been established as a powerful mechanism in language learning and development. Within this framework, transitional probability (TP) of various levels have been shown to confer differing task performance for adults. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of linguistic experience in the process of SL. However, it remains unclear whether different word lengths as well as varying levels of TPs may impact the segmentation of continuous speech. In the low TP condition, the superior outcome of disyllabic contrasts might stem from the Mandarin speakers' prior linguistic experience—their expectation that words should be of two syllables. For the trisyllabic contrasts, lower TPs may provide relatively weakened statistical regularities for tracking word boundaries, which may in turn lead to difficulty extracting words. Importantly, our findings show that when both factors present difficulties (e.g., trisyllabic contrasts in the low TP condition), such that the word length violates the listeners' expectation and the TPs do not provide high levels of consistency, word segmentation can no longer be supported. The current study showed for the first time that when combining TP and word length in the speech material, these two factors impact word segmentation in a complex manner. This study offers new insight for future SL designs as well as potentially informative directions in exploring how individual differences based on linguistic backgrounds may manifest itself in word segmentation tasks. Sixty native Mandarin monolinguals participated in a word segmentation task. An artificial language was designed with the same flat tone paired with 13 syllables, resulting in two disyllabic and three trisyllabic monotonic words. While only the segmental tier offered reliable information to segmentation, information from the suprasegmental level ensured that each word was phonologically legal in Mandarin. The words were then combined into two conditions of a monotonic artificial language: for the hTP language, all TPs within words were 1.0; whereas they were 0.6 in the lTP condition. Two types of nonwords (trisyllabic and disyllabic) were created for the test phase, then paired with target words of equal length in each trial. Adults were first exposed to the monotonic artificial language and then tested in a 2 alternative forced-choice task (2AFC) to decide whether a word or a nonword sounded more familiar. The mixed two-way ANOVA with word length (disyllables vs. trisyllables) as a within-subject factor and TP (high TP vs. low TP) as a between-subjects factor yielded nonsignificant effects for either word length or TP levels. There was also no significant interaction. A series of one-sample t-tests were conducted between the participants' average accuracy and chance level (.5). Participants preferred words over nonwords in most conditions except for trisyllabic contrasts in the low TP condition. Additional planned contrasts among the conditions revealed that when the TPs were low, participants performed significantly better in the disyllabic condition than in the trisyllabic condition; under the trisyllabic condition, high TP yielded better performance than low TP.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2022-11-13
Abstract： Purposes This study aimed at analyzing the issues of information security in agricultural science and technology articles, pointing out the strategic points of information security, and providing references for preventing state and enterprise secrets disclosing by academic communication, and then harming information security. Methods According to the relevant law and regulation in our country and the work practice of journals editors, the key points about information security in agricultural science and technology articles were analyzed. Findings The nine key points about information security in agricultural science and technology articles were concluded. The coping strategies were proposed as following: improving information security awareness and identifying ability of secret data; establishing examination mechanism of information security in editorial office, arranging someone in charge of information desensitization; editorial office exploring the methods to solving the secret-related issues partly with technologies. Conclusions The editorial office should put national security and national interests first, ensure the information security of published articles according to the national law and regulation and the relevant regulations of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-17
Abstract： " " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-10-27
Abstract： Ample statistical learning (SL) studies have shown that individuals can perform word segmentation by tracking the likelihood of syllable co-occurrences in continuous speech. The classic “exposure-test” paradigm was widely used in this field, in which participants were first exposed to an artificial language and then tested in a forced choice task to assess learning effects. Recently, research has shown that participants’ linguistic background, including their phonological and lexical experience, may result in experience-dependent SL. After a systematic review, we also discuss the direction for future SL studies. Specifically, we suggest that for studies involving Mandarin native speakers, researchers should carefully examine the separate and combined effects of various linguistic experience in order to better understand statistical word segmentation.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：摘要【目的】对美洲大蠊内生粘质沙雷氏菌几丁质酶ChiA基因进行克隆、可溶性表达及功能验证。【方法】PCR扩增ChiA基因，TA亚克隆，构建重组表达载体ChiA/pET21b，生物信息学分析和低温诱导表达、SDS-PAGE、Western-Blot鉴定，打孔法对几丁质酶活性检测。【结果】PCR成功扩增了ChiA基因序列，该序列与Gen Bank上的S．marcescens ChiA基因序列同源性达99%；该序列编码571个氨基酸，并能够在原核系统中稳定表达。可溶性表达分析显示：通过低温诱导表达，获得可溶性的目的蛋白；活性试验发现:含目的蛋白的表达产物可分解几丁质，且活性强于美洲大蠊内生粘质沙雷氏菌。【结论】从美洲大蠊内生粘质沙雷氏菌基因组中成功克隆了几丁质酶ChiA基因，通过原核表达系统获得了具有较强活性的可溶性几丁质酶ChiA，为其应用奠定了基础。
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