Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2024-04-23
Abstract： As a crucial component of cognitive function, mathematical ability plays an essential role in an individual’s future development. Previous studies have highlighted significant differences in this ability between children from high and low family socioeconomic backgrounds. Executive functioning are the most reliable factor in explaining this disparity. However, fundamental questions remain about the mediating role of executive functioning in this relationship: (1) The role of specific subcomponents of executive functioning in their relationship. (2) The differences in the impact of socioeconomic status on various mathematical abilities through these executive functioning subcomponents. (3) The variations in the role of executive functioning in the relationship between socioeconomic status and both current and future mathematical abilities. Accordingly, our study explored the impact of socioeconomic status on the second and third graders’ mathematical operations, logical reasoning, and spatial imagination abilities, as well as the mediation role of interference inhibition, response inhibition, and working memory. A total of 185 second-grade students were followed for 20 months in two assessments. At the beginning of second grade, children were assessed on their working memory through forward and backward digit span tasks; their interference inhibition was assessed with the Stroop task; and their response inhibition was assessed via the Go/No-go task. Children’s socioeconomic status was assessed using their parents’ educational levels, occupational status, and Family Affluence Scale. The Chinese Rating Scale of Pupil’s Mathematics Abilities, which included subtests for addition, subtraction, number sequence, length estimation, and cube counting, was utilized to assess the children’s mathematical calculation, logical thinking, and spatial imagination abilities. We explored the main effects of socioeconomic status on children’s current and future mathematical abilities using structural equation modeling and simultaneously developed multiple mediation models to investigate how executive functioning components mediate these relationships. The results indicated that the three types of mathematical abilities in second graders showed significant improvement over the 20-month period; socioeconomic status in the second grade directly predicted mathematical abilities at the same grade level; and socioeconomic status could indirectly predict mathematical calculation abilities in the second grade and logical thinking abilities in the third grade through the mediating role of working memory. It is concluded that the present study extends previous research that has explored the mediation role of executive functioning between socioeconomic status and mathematical ability, demonstrating that working memory is a crucial cognitive factor that contributes to the explanation of this mechanism. It provides a scientific basis for educational and research professionals to develop interventions aimed at enhancing the mathematical abilities of children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：数字化时代的到来为影视节目的剪辑技术带来了天翻地覆的变化,大众审美不断发生变化,对于各类型影视节目的视觉需求也不断提高,传统视频剪辑方法过于平淡,很难满足当代观众的需求。而数字技术的广泛应用给视频剪辑技术加入了新的元素,各种创意剪辑手法,特效剪辑运用都为影视节目的视觉感官冲击加码,对影视节目的收视率起到了很好的加持作用。后期剪辑技术本就是对视频节目的再创作,是影视艺术中不可或缺的重要组成部分,也是影响影视艺术作品成果的关键因素。本文从国内目前后期剪辑技术现状出发,通过对比创新性数字剪辑,探索创意视频技术对节目影响力的相关性,提升影视节目的观赏性和艺术性。
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract："一带一路"战略是新时期国家实施的区域发展战略,开启了中国与"一带一路"沿线国家在经济、文化等方面互联互通、共同发展的新篇章。传媒智库作为传媒领域的智力支持,为"一带一路"战略的顺利实施保驾护航。文章在对"一带一路"战略与传媒智库间关系进行分析的基础上,主要对这一战略背景下传媒智库的生存环境和创新发展策略进行了探索。
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Both body language and facial expression recognition provide sensitive clues about individual emotion recognition. Facial expression and bodily expression can be detected to a similar extent in the early stages of visual processing, where reflects the subcortical processing pathway and the dorsal route structures associated with unconscious threat information cues for automated processing. Both body language and facial expression recognition have similar N170 component, which reflect early visual coding in the temporal occipital visual cortex. Nonetheless, the N170 component of body language and facial expression involve different neural processes. Moreover, the N170 component and vertex positive potential (VPP) of facial expression processing are superior to the responses to body language processing. The early posterior negativity (EPN) component reflects visual coding in late attentional processing. The P3 and the late positive component (LPC) represent higher cognitive processing in the fronto-parietal cortices, and facial expression require more cognitive resources than physical actions. Furthermore, there is a special N190 response to body language based in the extrastriate body area (EBA). It is sensitive to emotions expressed by body language and information from physical actions. This special visual coding may represent a social adaptation mechanism effectively for the perception of the emotions and intentions of others. Future research should focus on the influence of emotional body language on the processing of facial expressions, the integration of facial and bodily cues during emotional change perception and others. Key words:
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： How the childhood poverty influences cognitive aging remains controversial. Some studies have shown that childhood poverty can accelerate individual cognitive aging, but other studies have found that childhood poverty can delay individual cognitive aging, which is related to the moderation of social mobility. For poor individuals in childhood, low stability or the downward mobility of socioeconomic status will make the negative effects of adversity accumulate continuously, thus accelerating the cognitive aging of individuals. However, poor childhood individuals with high psychological resilience may promote upward socioeconomic mobility, which will increase the individual's cognitive reserve and enhance specific cognitive abilities, thus delaying cognitive aging. Future research in this field should explore the relationship between childhood subjective poverty and cognitive aging and the influence of childhood poverty on the aging of different cognitive abilities. It should also focus on the survivor bias effect in studies on the relationship between childhood poverty and cognitive aging in later life.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The effect of social media on executive functions remain controversial. Some studies have shown that the use of social media promotes an individual’s executive functions, and some studies have found that social media use has a negative impact on executive functions. Recent studies have shown that, there may be an inverted U-shaped relationship between social media use and individual's executive function, and that social media use does not necessarily impair or promote executive function, but there is an optimal tipping point between the two. Moderate-intensity use of social media is the best level to promote executive functions. This is related to the moderating role played by the intensity of use. The paper first introduces the behavioral evidence that the effect of social media on executive functions, including three parts: positive effects, negative effects, and inverted U-shaped relationships. Secondly, it analyzes the moderating effect of intensity of use in the inverted U-shaped relationship between social media use and executive functions, and attempt to reveal the debate over the pros and cons of social media use on executive functions. Moderate-intensity use of social media will produce a social media flow experience, allowing individuals to filter out various distracting information when faced with various complex information stimuli in social media, focusing on useful information, and target information is constantly being affected. With storage and update, the individual's executive functions (especially the shifting function) get long-term and repeated exercise under such requirements, and finally improve. In addition, the flow experience generated by the use of social media can be used as an intrinsic motivation to increase the interaction of social networks to make positive changes in interpersonal relationships. This provides individuals with continuous social rewards and emotional support. To a certain extent, it buffers the negative impact of excessive use of social media on cognitive function, and slows down the decline of age-related executive functions. However, high-intensity use of social media causes individuals to worry about their performance in the task, which tends to maintain a wider range of attention and is more susceptible to interference from irrelevant information, while low-intensity use of social media causes individuals to be in a state of lack of proactiveness, the psychological effort process of information processing is reduced or even disappeared, which has a negative impact on executive functions. Future research in this area should examine the dose-effect of social media use affecting executive functions. The positive impact of social media use on the executive function may require a relatively long and continuous process of using social media. Whether an optimal social media can be determined the level of media usage maximizes individual's executive functions? In addition, previous research mainly focuses on the impact of social media usage frequency on individual's executive functions in daily life, but lacks a single sub-component of the type of social media usage on the executive function investigation of development and changes. In the future, the relationship between different types of social media usage and sub-components of executive function should be further clarified. Finally, the lifting effect of social media may be more significant in groups whose brain structure is in a period of change. Most previous studies only show that the use of social media can change individual's neural pathways or brain response patterns (and little is known about whether changes in the physiological structure of executive function have an impact on the cognitive level of social media users. Future research should combine behavioral and cognitive neurological methods to examine the brain regions of social media users with different cognitive levels in performing specific tasks. The difference in activation makes the neural mechanism of social media use affecting executive function more precise and comprehensive.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Mathematical ability is an important component of children's academic achievement and critical to individual development. Executive function, as an essential cognitive ability, is a core cognitive element that supports children's mathematical processing. However, there have only been a few studies focusing on the effects of each component of executive function on different mathematical abilities (mathematical operation, spatial imagination, and logical thinking). Primary school is the key period during which children acquire basic mathematical ability. However, limited studies have examined the developmental relationships between the various components of executive function and the different mathematical abilities of children at different grade levels. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of each component of executive function in the different mathematical abilities of children at different grade levels.A total of 812 children in grades 3, 4, 5, and 6 completed tests covering mathematical operations, spatial imagination, and logical thinking to measure their basic mathematical ability. The Stroop task and the GO/NOGO task were used to measure interference inhibition and response inhibition. Children's working memory span was assessed using forward and backward digit span tasks. Children's working memory updating was investigated using simple and difficult digital updating tasks. Children's cognitive flexibility was examined using digit shifting tasks. Finally, a correlation analysis and a structural equation model (SEM) were used to investigate the impact of each component of executive function on children's mathematical abilities at different grade levels.The results revealed that working memory was the most important factor affecting children's mathematical skills, over inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. Specifically, working memory span was the most statistically significant predictor of ability with respect to mathematical operations, while working memory updating was a stronger predictor of spatial imagination and logical thinking ability from grade 3 to grade 6. In a further analysis of the data, we divided the four grades into two stages, with grades 3 and 4 set as the younger group and grades 5 and 6 set as the older group. The results showed working memory span to be the most important predictor of mathematical operation ability, spatial imagination ability, and logical thinking ability in the junior grades. In the older students, the predictive effect of working memory span on basic math ability dropped, and the effects of working memory updating and cognitive flexibility on basic math ability increased.These results indicate that different components of executive function play various roles in different mathematical abilities in school-age children, and that this pattern of influence appears to change as children progress through the grades. Specifically, the lower-order components of executive function components, specifically working memory span, were found to play an important role in the development of three mathematical abilities in younger students, while the higher-order executive function components, specifically working memory updating and cognitive flexibility, were found to play a more important role in processing mathematical tasks in older students.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-10-14
Abstract： " How the childhood poverty influences cognitive aging remains controversial. Some studies have shown that childhood poverty can accelerate individual cognitive aging, but other studies have found that childhood poverty can delay individual cognitive aging, which is related to the moderation of social mobility. For poor individuals in childhood, low stability or the downward mobility of socioeconomic status will make the negative effects of adversity accumulate continuously, thus accelerating the cognitive aging of individuals. However, poor childhood individuals with high psychological resilience may promote upward socioeconomic mobility, which will increase the individual's cognitive reserve and enhance specific cognitive abilities, thus delaying cognitive aging. Future research in this field should explore the relationship between childhood subjective poverty and cognitive aging and the influence of childhood poverty on the aging of different cognitive abilities. It should also focus on the survivor bias effect in studies on the relationship between childhood poverty and cognitive aging in later life.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2020-09-28 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： In order to understand the latest research progress of TransE based representation learning methods in real time, this paper classifies TransE based representation learning methods into four types: the method based on complex relationship, the method based on relationship path, the method based on image information, and the method based on other aspects. Then, this paper analyzes the design ideas, advantages and disadvantages of each method. At the same time, it compares and summarizes the common data sets and evaluation indexes of the TransE based representation learning method, as well as the performance of various TransE based representation learning algorithms in the experiment. Finally, this paper summarizes the research of the whole paper and looks forward to the future research hotspot. From the research results, PaSKoGE method, NTransGH method, TCE method and TransD method perform the best in link prediction and triple classification tasks, which are worth promoting and further expanding, and can be further improved in path specific embedding, two-layer neural network, triple context and dynamic mapping matrix construction.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-03
Abstract： Reading comprehension is one of the most complex behaviors that we engage in on a regular basis. Decoding and language comprehension are two important components of reading comprehension. While up to now, little research has been devoted to directly explore the effects of phonological memory and central executive function on diverse reading comprehension components (decoding and language comprehension). In addition, the primary school stage is a critical period of development of children's reading ability and cognitive ability. However, few research has focused on the developmental changes in the relationship of phonological memory, central executive function and reading comprehension among children in different grades. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of phonological memory and central executive function on decoding and language comprehension of children in different grade levels. Two hundred and fifty-six children completed Chinese Characters Reading, Chinese Word Reading, and Pseudo-Word Reading to investigate decoding ability, as well as a Listening Comprehension Test to exam language comprehension. Additionally, we used Digit Span and Non-word Span to measure children's phonological memory, and GO/NOGO task, Stroop task, Digit updating task and Digit shifting task to investigate children's central executive function. Correlation analysis and structural equation models (SEM) were used to investigate the effects of phonological memory and central executive function on decoding, language comprehension of children in different grades. Results indicated that, the effect of phonological memory and updating on decoding were significant. Also, the effect of updating and shifting on language comprehension were significant. On further analysis, we divided the four grades into two levels based on the reading stage theory, that third grade and fourth grade as one level, fifth grade and sixth grade as another level. In the third grade and fourth grade level, phonological memory and updating accuracy contributed to decoding. Moreover, updating accuracy and shifting cost predicted language comprehension. In the fifth grade and sixth grade level, only the effect of updating on decoding was significant.The results indicated that, the prediction of phonological memory on decoding disappeared as children progress through school. More importantly, we found that updating had a relatively stable contribution to decoding across grade levels. It revealed that different functions of working memory played different roles in reading, which seem that not all cognitive abilities are equally important in the reading process. Furthermore, phonological memory and central executive function produced different predictive effects in decoding and language comprehension as the grades grew. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-05-22
Abstract： " "
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲料不同钙、磷添加水平对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）幼虾的生长性能、体成分、组织钙磷水平和血清指标的影响。采用双因素试验设计，在钙添加水平为0、0.50%、1.00%的条件下，分别添加0、0.40%、0.80%、1.20%、1.60%的磷，配制15种不同钙磷水平的试验饲料。1 800尾初始重为（0.38±0.01） g的对虾随机分为15组，每组投喂1种试验饲料，每组3重复，每重复40尾虾。养殖8周。结果表明：1）饲料钙水平及钙水平与磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）、蛋白质效率（PER）和饲料系数（FCR）（P<0.01）;饲料磷水平极显著影响对虾的WGR、SGR、PER、FCR和存活率（SR）（P<0.01）。2）饲料钙水平极显著影响对虾的肌肉粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（CL）、粗灰分（Ash）的含量（P<0.01），显著影响对虾的全虾CL、Ash的含量（P<0.05）；饲料磷水平极显著影响对虾全虾CP、CL含量，肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量（P<0.01）；饲料钙水平与磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾全虾CL含量，肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量（P<0.01）。3）饲料钙磷水平及二者的交互作用极显著影响对虾的全虾、肌肉、虾壳的钙磷水平（P<0.01）。4）饲料钙水平极显著影响对虾的血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、酚氧化酶（PO）活性，钙离子（Ca2+）含量（P<0.01）;饲料磷水平极显著的影响对虾血清ALP、PO的活性，胆固醇（CHOL）、甘油三酯（TG）、无机磷（IP）的含量（P<0.01）,显著影响对虾血清Ca2+的含量（P<0.05）;饲料钙水平与磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的血清ALP活性，Ca2+、IP的含量（P<0.01）,显著影响对虾血清TG含量（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下，以SGR为判断依据，通过二次回归曲线模型分析得出：凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中钙和磷的适宜添加水平分别为1.00%和1.26%。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： Millimeter-wave space-borne antennas with multi-band and multi-polarization have many advances such as high gain,low side-lobe,high beam efficiency and low loss.The operating frequency of the antenna includes 18.7,23.8 and 37.0 GHz.The use of common feed system has significance for saving volume and enhancing structure stiffness.And the ring-loaded corrugated conical horn can cover octave bandwidth.The orthomode transducer(OMT)with new turnstile junction and frequency divider was employed to separate dual polarizations signals and then divide different frequencies into their own receivers,respectively.The cross polarization levels are -32.6,-31.6 and -25.0 dB in 18.7,23.8 and 37.0 GHz,respectively.The side lobe levels are -21,-30 and -30 dB.Due to compact structure and multiple observations for one target,the simulation result demonstrates the design of feed system is suitable to space-borne antennas.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： To realize remote sensing at sub-millimeter wavelengths,a 450 GHz sub-harmonic mixer was studied. An anti-parallel pair of Schottky diodes is the key component in the mixer. The length of the diodes is 74 mum,and the cutoff frequency of diodes is up to 8 THz. The suspended microstrip matching circuit was built on quartz,and the metal block was cut into two halves. The diode embedding impedance was calculated. The diode package and the matching circuit were integrated in the mixer model. The predicted single side band (SSB) conversion loss is 8. 0 dB,with 4 mW of local oscillator power. Measured results indicate that the lowest measured SSB conversion loss is 14. 0 dB, with 5 mW of local oscillator power. The loss is below 17. 0 dB in the band from 433 ~ 451 GHz,with a 3 dB bandwidth of 18 GHz.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： According to the level of domestic processing technology at present,the circuit structure of anti-parallel diodes with self-bias was proposed. With this structure, not only the difficult problem of processing bias circuit can be solved, but also the odd-order frequency multiplication can be realized efficiently. At the meantime, co-simulation approach was used to simulate the electrical characteristic of the tripler by software HFSS and ADS,including the impact of the parastics. After designing, both the machining and electrical installation are accomplished. The highest measured output power is 3.1 mW at 221 GHz and the output power is more than 2 mW at frequencies of the range 219~227 GHz. These results can provide important reference for future design of high efficiency submillimeter frequency multiplier.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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