Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-08-31
Abstract： Gender information is an important biological and social attribute of human beings. Rapid and accurate gender identification is of great significance to our survival and reproduction. Human gender processing is characterized by automation, stereotyping and asymmetry. It is influenced by gender processing subjects, other gender information, social category information, and higher-level cognitive regulation. Focusing on two main sources of gender information, namely faces and voices, research on the behavioral and neural mechanisms of gender processing were reviewed. In addition, a two-stage gender processing model was proposed, in which the early stage relates to a specific processing of the physical features aspect of gender information, and the later stage is a general processing of abstract gender information. Future research may focus on aspects of the systematic study of gender processing, gender classification and machine learning, and gender dimorphism, among others."
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-08-29
Abstract： "
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2020-08-28
Abstract： " The issue of stability and variability of values has always been the focus of debate in this field. In recent years, researchers began to analyze the mechanism of the differences in the stability of values from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. The existing neurophysiological evidence shows that when a certain value is constructed based on the absolute rules of deontology, or is consistent with the representation of self-concept, it tends to maintain a stable state. Otherwise, it may change fundamentally under the persuasion of others. In the future, it is necessary to further enrich and improve the cognitive neural processing model that recognizes the relationship between the stability and variability of values, and explore the cognitive neural mechanisms behind the long-term changes in values, so as to promote the practice and application of theoretical research in values education.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2020-08-26
Abstract： Low light images suffer from severe noise, low brightness, low contrast, etc. In previous researches, many image enhancement methods have been proposed, but few methods can deal with these problems simultaneously. In this paper, to solve these problems simultaneously, we propose a low light image enhancement method that can combined with supervised learning and previous HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) or Retinex model based image enhancement methods. First, we analyse the relationship between the HSV color space and the Retinex theory, and show that the V channel (V channel in HSV color space, equals the maximum channel in RGB color space) of the enhanced image can well represent the contrast and brightness enhancement process. Then, a data-driven conditional re-enhancement network (denoted as CRENet) is proposed. The network takes low light images as input and the enhanced V channel as condition, then it can re-enhance the contrast and brightness of the low light image and at the same time reduce noise and color distortion. It should be noted that during the training process, any paired images with different exposure time can be used for training, and there is no need to carefully select the supervised images which will save a lot. In addition, it takes less than 20 ms to process a color image with the resolution 400*600 on a 2080Ti GPU. Finally, some comparative experiments are implemented to prove the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can significantly improve the quality of the enhanced image, and by combining with other image contrast enhancement methods, the final enhancement result can even be better than the reference image in contrast and brightness. (Code will be available at https://github.com/hitzhangyu/image-enhancement-with-denoise) "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mechanics >> Applied Mechanics submitted time 2020-08-25
Abstract： The aim of this work is to investigate the buckling of the cylindrical shells based on the non-linear finite element analysis program ABAQUS and applied to the buckling analysis of cola cans. Buckling analysis of soda cans by means of comparing the numerical results with experimental data of Virot et al. In order to obtain some qualitative results of buckling, the buckling behaviour of the cylindrical shells will be investigated. In this article, we focus on the effect of different load combinations and different geometric parameters of the cylindrical shells. The straightforward, simple analysis of the buckling of the cylindrical shells under the axially compressed-lateral perturbation load is presented. We show that the three-dimensional curve of external force-buckling load-displacement called landscape. The numerical results indicate that: the phenomenon of "cliff" appears in the force-displacement curve of specimens under the action of lateral pressure-axially compressed-torsional load; It will be appreciated that the torsional is not conducive to the stability of the specimen and makes the specimen sensitive to the initial imperfections; For specimen under axially compressed-torsional load, in this paper, the plane with zero bearing capacity is defined as "sea level" to distinguish failure modes of specimens; The results of specimens with different boundary conditions shows that the bearing capacity of the cylindrical shells can be improved with fixed boundaries. The internal pressure can greatly improve the bearing capacity and stability of the structure and reduce the imperfection-sensitivity. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2020-08-25
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> Condensed Matter: Structural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties submitted time 2020-08-23
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-08-22
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Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2020-08-22
Abstract： " Global motion perception (GMP) is an important aspect of visual perception. Numerous studies have found that GMP of cognitively healthy elderly declines with aging and it cannot be explained by age differences in the visual system. The neural mechanism of aging on GMP remains unclear. Resting-state fMRI has been widely used to detect the internal spontaneous activity of the aging brain. Thus, whether the functional activity of brain regions related to the GMP for the elderly in the resting state is an effective indicator of their global motion sensitivity (GMS) still needs further investigation. To reveal the neural basis of GMP decline for the elderly, the relationships between the resting-state functional activities of GMP related brain areas (Regions of Interest, ROI: V1, V2, V3, and MT/V5) and individuals’ motion coherence threshold (MCT) were analyzed by using rs-fMRI technology. In this study, Random Dot Kinematogram (RDK) paradigm was used to evaluate an individual’s GMS with the MCT as the indicator. A higher threshold of the RDK task meant lower sensitivity. Meanwhile, the rs-fMRI data of 36 younger adults (M = 22.04 years old) and 31 older adults (M = 65.05 years old) were acquired using rapid echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence from a 3T Siemens Prisma magnetic resonance scanner, with TR=2s, TE=30ms, Time points=240 (young) or 246 (old). Rs-fMRI data were preprocessed and processed using SPM (http://www. fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm) and DPABI (http://rfmri.org/dpabi) toolbox to obtain the functional activities of the ROIs, including ReHo, ALFF, voxel-wise FC, and ROI-wise FC. Then, the regional measures including three nodal centrality metrics (degree K, efficiency Enodal and betweenness b) and the global measures including small-world parameters (clustering coefficient Cp, characteristic path length Lp, normalized clustering coefficient γ, normalized characteristic path length λ, and small-worldness σ) and network efficiency (Global efficiency Eglob and Local efficiency Eloc) were calculated using GRETNA (http//www.nitrc.org/projects/gretna/) graph toolbox. To determine whether there were significant group differences in these functional properties, two-sample t-tests were performed on each metric. When significant between-group differences in any functional metrics were obtained, the Pearson correlation coefficients among these metrics and individuals’ MCT were further calculated to assess the relationship between changes in brain function and GMP aging. Results showed that 1) the ReHo values of right V3 and bilateral MT/V5 for older adults were significantly lower than that of younger adults, as well as the ALFF of bilateral MT/V5, and these functional metrics were significantly negatively correlated with individuals’ MCT; 2) The FCs between V2 and left primary motor cortex, V3 and left secondary visual cortex, MT/V5 and left premotor cortex, as well as the FCs between V1, V2, V3 and MT/V5 regions for the older adults were significantly stronger than that of younger adults, and these FCs were correlated with individuals’ MCT; 3) Older adults’ K, Enodal and b of most nodes in temporal lobe were significantly lower than younger adults, and the Enodal of the right temporal cortex were significantly negatively correlated with individuals’ MCT; 4) Older adults’ global network properties including small-world parameters (Cp, γ, Lp, λ, and σ) and network efficiency (Eglob and Eloc) were all significantly lower than younger adults’, with CP and Eloc significantly negatively correlated with their MCT. These findings suggested that the decline of GMS for the elderly was associated not only with functional changes in the dorsal visual pathway, especially in the MT/V5, but may also with functional changes in broader areas of the whole brain, which supported the theory of "dedifferentiation".
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-08-21
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-08-21
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2020-08-19
Abstract： Dual-objective cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT), which considers knowledge status and ability simultaneously, has become more and more popular with the theoretical and practical development of CD-CAT. Item selection methods play a key role in CD-CAT. This paper systematically reviews existing item selection methods on traditional and dual-objective CD-CAT,and summarizes the types, characteristics,relations,and performance of these methods.Furthermore, several future research directions were illustrated. First, itis necessary to study item selection strategy with general cognitive models and under complex test conditions. Second, it is important to develop indexes representing items and test characteristic of dual-objective diagnostic testing. Finally, it is meaningful to conduct research on non-parametric item selection methods and practical applications of CD-CAT.
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2020-08-19
Abstract： Item replenishment is essential for item bank development and maintenance, where new items’ parameter calibration plays a significant role. Two core techniques of item replenishment under the circumstances of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) are: 1) online calibration design; 2) online calibration method. The former investigates the administration way of new items, while the later explores parameter estimation methods. This paper aims to clarify the development ideas and contexts of online calibration design and online calibration method. Additionally, their characteristics, relations and performance were illustrated and evaluated in details. At the end, several future research directions were pointed out. It is important to further study online calibration design based on different information indicators and online calibration methods based on joint estimations and error corrections. Moreover, future study could explore the online calibration technique in cognitive diagnostic CAT(CD-CAT) and multidimensional CAT(MCAT), as well as the empirical applications of item replenishment. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2020-08-18
Abstract： Extinction training that occurs shortly after fear conditioning fails to yield long-term extinction memory, a phenomenon that is known as the immediate extinction deficit (IED). The IED may be linked to levels of stress at the onset of extinction training and event segmentation. Under high levels of stress, the consolidation of extinction memory is impaired, resulting in the IED. Under moderate or low levels of stress, immediate extinction would be effective but susceptible to event segmentation. The neurobiological mechanisms of IED may involve stress-induced activation of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system, which leads to hyperexcitability of the basolateral amygdala and the subsequent inhibition of activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (i.e., a region that plays a central role in fear extinction) through synaptic projections. Future studies should consider long-term outcomes of the IED and optimization of the clinical application of immediate extinction.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-08-18 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：随着啁啾脉冲放大技术(Chirped Pulse Amplification，CPA)的飞速发展，激光功率密度实现了飞跃式的提升，这使得利用短脉冲激光开展实验室天体物理研究的条件日趋成熟。短脉冲激光与靶相互作用可以产生相对论粒子(正负电子、质子、中子等)和高能电磁辐射(X射线、γ射线)，这些粒子和辐射的产生过程与天体中的某些物理现象相对应。本文介绍了利用短脉冲激光开展实验室天体物理方面的研究进展，重点对核天体物理、空心离子光谱学、相对论无碰撞冲击波，以及等离子体状态诊断等方面进行介绍。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-08-16
Abstract： By reviewing both behavioral and neuroimaging research, the present article illustrates how processing of information from different sources (i.e., the target event/stimulus, internal cognitive schemas, and external interference) and at different stages (i.e., the encoding, storage, re-activation/reconsolidation and retrieval stages) contributes to false memory. We conclude that false memory may arise from three mechanisms: (1) The lack of distinctive item-specific memory representations that makes it difficult to distinguish targets from related lures; (2) The engagement of cognitive schemas strengthens the memory representations of non-target information (including related lures) in the schemas; and (3) Re-activated memory representations of targets are distorted and modified by external interference. Future research may use updated approaches, e.g., multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), to further investigate the brain regions responsible for representing item-specific details, the way different types of schema (e.g., event-based script) promote the representations of related lures, and the way re-activation of schema during memory retrieval influences false memory.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-08-15
Abstract： Binocular disparity, a critical cue to stereopsis, is defined as the small horizontal displacement between the two corresponding images projected onto the retina of the two eyes. The study of binocular disparity can be dated back to the early 18th century. Recent studies on binocular disparity have advanced our understanding in two aspects. The first is using electrophysiological and brain imaging technique to investigate the functional specialization in disparity processing in the dorsal and ventral visual pathways, which reveals hierarchical and parallel processing principles in the visual system. The second is about learning-induced plasticity. Future research needs to combine brain imaging, neuromodulation and other cutting-edge techniques to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying binocular disparity, its learning effect, and the interaction between binocular disparity and other depth clues. On the application side, future research needs to optimize training paradigms (e.g., with virtual reality technique) for rehabilitation and enhancement in the binocular disparity performance. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-08-14
Abstract： In many social comparisons, people know exactly how they and others do. These comparisons induce a self–other gap. A variety of important decisions are made on the basis of judgments of the gap between ourselves and other people. Existing research indicates biased judgments of self–other gaps, with unknown absolute performance of others. However, the question we are interested in is whether judgments of a self–other gap will be accurate when both absolute performance of oneself and others are specified. This research investigated how the self–other gap was shaped by absolute and relative performances. We proposed the generalization effect, in which individuals generalized their absolute performance to rate their relative position to others though the actual self–other gap was specified. We conducted seven studies (N = 2766) to test our proposed generalization effect on perceived self–other gap. Study 1 adopted a 2 (absolute performance: gain or loss) × 2 (relative performance: gain or loss) between-subjects design. The participants, who were informed their performance as well as their classmate’s performance in a test, rated the gap between themselves and the classmate. The result indicated that absolute gain caused a larger perceived self–other gap for relative gain (“I am far ahead of her”) than for relative loss (“I am not far behind her”). Conversely, absolute loss caused a larger perceived self–other gap for relative loss (“I am far behind her”) than for relative gain (“I am not far behind her”). Studies 2 and 3 replicated the results in Study 1 with investment and social media scenarios. Besides, Study 2a excluded the influence of information order and Study 2b excluded the effect of emotion. Studies 3a and 3b ruled out the alternative explanations of numeric size. Study 4 tested the association mechanism by cutting off the associations between multiple dimensions. We adopted a 2 (association: cutting-off or control) × 2 (absolute performance: gain or loss) × 2 (relative performance: gain or loss) between-subjects design. In the cutting-off condition, we designed a debiasing intervention where general associations among multiple dimensions were cut off. As a result, the effect found in Studies 1 to 3 persisted in the control condition but disappeared in the cutting-off condition where associations among multiple dimensions were cut off. The result indicated that generalization among dimensions accounted for the effect we found. The result also ruled out the explanations of egocentrism and focalism. Study 5 manipulated the reference point in social comparison and found a null effect for reference point on the generalization effect, which ruled out the explanation of reference point. We reveal that assessments of relative performance are biased even when people have sufficient information about their own and others’ absolute performances because people generalize their absolute performance to relative performance. The generalization effect reflects the overgeneralization bias in social comparison. People fail to realize that absolute performances are not necessarily related to relative performances. Moreover, the current research offers a feasible approach to reduce such a bias. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-08-14 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：随着天文技术的不断发展，远程观测和自主观测逐渐成为天文观测的主流趋势，自动调焦技术也越来越受到重视。电动调焦器是天文望远镜不可或缺的附属设备，是实现自动调焦的关键设备。为实现云南天文台丽江天文观测站10英寸米德望远镜的自动调焦，自行研发了一套天文电动调焦器，设计相关控制电路，制定串口通信协议，并编写了一套开源ASCOM驱动程序SS Focuser。本文详细介绍了该电动调焦器的结构原理和实现方法，实测结果表明具有很好的稳定性，完全满足设计要求，为天文电动调焦器设计提供了可借鉴的经验和方法。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-08-14 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：火星是重要的地外天体探测目标之一，对火星表面进行的探测、研究表明火星表面曾经存在液态水，水是生命存在的基础与前提条件，因此在次表层寻找不同形式的水是目前火星探测的重要科学目标之一。近十七年来，欧洲火星快车上搭载的火星次表层和电离层探测先进雷达以及美国火星勘测轨道器上搭载的浅表层雷达开展了对火星次表层的大量探测，由于雷达的工作原理，雷达获取的原始回波数据需要经过距离向、方位向处理、电离层校正等数据处理步骤才能完成成像，从成像数据中提取科学信息，取得了众多科学成果。火星次表层探测雷达的数据处理技术在火星次表层探测上发挥了不可或缺的作用，具有很强的代表性与参考价值。综述目前利用雷达对火星次表层展开的探测与研究，介绍了火星次表层探测雷达数据处理技术，列举了取得的部分科学成果，并展望将要投入使用的火星次表层探测雷达。
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