Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica submitted time 2023-11-03
Abstract： This article reviews the clinical nursing of one patient with lumbar disc herniation syndrome treated with Chinese herbal ointment, and summarizes the nursing experience. Through the accurate nursing assessment of patients, the nursing goals of patients are clarified, and on the basis of routine nursing and health education, through the implementation of Chinese herbal ointment technology, it can effectively improve patients' pain and lower limb weakness. Traditional Chinese medicine ointment for the treatment of lumbar and lumbar disc herniation syndrome has obvious clinical efficacy, and has few adverse reactions, which is easy for patients to accept.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-08-30 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background There is growing evidence that pre-hospital use of metformin reduces mortality in patients with diabetes and sepsis；however，the effect of metformin on clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and sepsis remains controversial. Therefore，there is a need for a systematic review and Meta-analysis of existing studies to further evaluate whether metformin can improve mortality and other clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and sepsis. Objective To systematicallyevaluate the effects of pre-hospital metformin use on mortality，initial plasma lactate level and organ dysfunction in patients with diabetes and sepsis. Methods PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，Scopus，China Biomedical Literature Service System，Wanfang，CNKI and other databases were searched by computer for Chinese and English literature on the effects of pre-hospital metformin use on clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis and diabetes from inception to March 15，2023. The test group（MET group）involved adult patients with diabetes and sepsis received pre-hospital metformin use， and the control group（NM group）involved adult patients with diabetes and sepsis who did not receive pre-hospital metformin use. After screening，data extraction and literature quality evaluation were conducted by two researchers，Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 software. Results A total of 12 papers were included in this study，involving 12 320 patients with diabetes and sepsis，with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale（NOS）scores of 7-8. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the mortality rate（OR=0.61， 95%CI=0.46-0.80，P<0.001）and the use of vasopressors（MD=0.83，95%CI=0.69-0.98，P=0.03）in MET group were lower than those in NM group；there was no significant difference in initial plasma lactate level（MD=0.31，95%CI=-0.12-0.75，P=0.16），serum creatinine level（MD=-0.81，95%CI=-0.48-0.13，P=0.25），initial blood glucose level（MD=32.94，95%CI=-10.12-76.01，P=0.13）and mechanical ventilation（MD=0.90，95%CI=0.77-1.06，P=0.23）between the MET group and NM group. Conclusion The pre-hospital use of metformin can reduce the mortality of patients with diabetes and sepsis，and reduce the use of vasoppressors in corresponding patients，providing updated evidence that metformin can reduce the mortality of patients with diabetes and sepsis. However，whether it can reduce the sepsis severity score and reduce the maximum dose of norepinephrine in patients with diabetes and sepsis remains to be further studied.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-27 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Innovation is the essence requirement of academic papers, and how to effectively evaluate the innovation of academic papers has been concerned about by domestic and foreign experts and scholars. The development of information technology makes it possible to automatically evaluate papers' innovation based on the content using computers. [Method/process] This paper presents a method to evaluate papers' innovation based on the research theme comparing. Firstly, keygraph algorithms is used to extract keywords which represent papers' theme.Then, the similarity of the research theme and the scientific research front theme is calculated.Lastly, a comprehensive model is presented to determine the level of papers' innovation bytwo external indicators includingthe journal impact factor and altmetrics. [Result/conclusion] An empirical study of carbon nanotube field demonstrated thatthis method can evaluate papers' innovation from the perspective of papers' contents effectively, quickly and accurately.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-07-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background The presence of insomnia symptoms reduces the quality of life of perimenopausal women and increases their risk of developing other diseases. Currently，there are numerous non-pharmacological interventions available to improve perimenopausal insomnia symptoms，with disagreement as to which intervention is most effective. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in improving perimenopausal insomnia symptoms using a network meta-analysis. Methods In March 2022，Cochrane Library，PubMed，EmBase，Web of Science，CNKI，Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform，VIP and CBM were searched for the randomized controlled trials（RCTs）on the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms by non-pharmacological interventions from inception to March 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature，extracted data，and evaluated the risk of bias of the included literature using the RCT bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane Manual of Systematic Review 5.1.0. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed on the overall response rate to the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms，as well as improvement in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale（PSQI）score，Kupperman score and estradiol（E2）level under different non pharmacological interventions by using R 4.1.3 software and the GeMTC package. Results A total of 44 RCTs including 3386 patients were selected，involving 12 non-pharmacological interventions（moxibustion，electroacupuncture，acupoint pressing with beans，scraping，fire dragon pot，thumbtack needle，massage，warm acupuncture，bee acupuncture，acupoint embedding，music therapy，acupuncture）. The results of meta-analysis showed that moxibustion，electroacupuncture，and acupuncture were superior to sedative-hypnotic western drugs in overall response rate to the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms（P<0.05），and moxibustion was identified as the most probable superior intervention. Moxibustion，electroacupuncture，scraping，and acupuncture were superior to sedative-hypnotic western drugs（P<0.05），moxibustion was more effective than warm acupuncture（P<0.05）in the improvement of PSQI score and identified as the most probable superior intervention. There was no significant difference in the improvement of Kupperman score and E2 level among different interventions（P>0.05），with scraping emerging and acupuncture as the most probable superior intervention，respectively. Conclusion Current evidence demonstrates that moxibustion is superior in overall response rate to the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms and PSQI score in perimenopausal women，while scraping is superior in improving Kupperman score and acupuncture has advantages in improving E2 level，however，further validation of this conclusion is needed by conducting more high-quality studies.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-05-31 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Since August 2022，Shengzhou City of Zhejiang Province has been carrying out the reform of outpatient payment mode in medical insurance，gradually carrying out the reform of capitation by implementing the total budget，updating the calculation standard of capitation fee，improving the incentive and constraint mechanism and other measures，so as to encourage primary health care institutions to provide appropriate basic medical services，reduce primary medical expenses，and promote the sustainable development of medical insurance fund. Objective To analyze the influence mechanism of capitation for outpatient services in basic medical insurance on medical expenses in Shengzhou City，Zhejiang Province，and to provide reference for improving the relevant payment system. Methods Using "capitation" and "medical costs" as both English and Chinese search terms，databases such as CNKI，Wanfang，PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature on capitation from 2000-01-01 to 2022-07-31，as well as the policy documents，government reports and news reports related to the implementation of capitation from April to July 2022. Personal interviews were conducted with representatives of capitation payment policy makers and implementers in Shengzhou City from September to December 2022（n=13）. A qualitative analysis of capitation reform policy on medical expenses under the total outpatient budget in Shengzhou City，Zhejiang Province was performed by using system dynamics approach. Results The policies of the current round of medical insurance payment reform in Shengzhou were plotted as a cause graph with five feedback loops obtained，showing that the implementation of the total capitation budget policy can motivate primary health care institutions to provide standardized medical services for residents，promote an increase in the contracting rate in primary care，thus controling medical expenses；a scientific capitation fee standard can motivate primary health care institutions to autonomously control and reduce costs；increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance can effectively reduce the medical burden of patients；improving the performance appraisal system is conducive to the continuous improvement of service capabilities of primary health care institutions；strengthening the construction of information sharing mechanisms can achieve data sharing and exchange，and comprehensively improve the health of residents. Conclusion The implementation of capitation reform in conjunction with multiple policy measures can improve the contracting and consultation rates in primary care institutions，broaden the sources of medical insurance fund，ensure the sustainability of medical insurance fund，improve the medical service and capabilities of primary care institutions，improve the health status of residents，and significantly improve the prevention and treatment effect of chronic diseases.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Human capital are the key strategic resources for both economic development and innovation performance at the national level. Hence, the effectiveness of talent cultivation has drawn the wide attention among policy-makers, scholars, and the whole society. Based on the needs to human resources in the new phases of development in China as well as the trend in incoming scientific-technological revolution and industrial transformation, this study proposes a dual transformation on the talent cultivation in China, that is, quality laddering in human resource structure and transforming of educational modes. Furthermore, by analyzing the new measurements of undergoing reform in higher education organizations in developed economies, it puts forwards the three aspects of findings and implications for future talent cultivation in fostering a third degree of human capital, the intrinsic change of higher education under informatization, as well as the structural reform in universities.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China has formed a comprehensive nuclear industry system, but the radioactive waste disposal capacity cannot keep up with the requirement since more wastes are generated and accumulated. One of most critical challenges is the safety, environmental, and even political issues caused by the overdue storage of radioactive waste. In this study, the radioactive waste management experience in foreign countries, which have high nuclear power installed capacity and rich experience in radioactive waste disposal, has been investigated and analyzed, And then the comparison has been made between these countries and China, in terms of the policy and legislative system, regulatory and implementing, financing and compensation. Finally, the implications on China’s governance in the radioactive waste disposal have also been presented in the paper.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Disparagement humor refers to communication that derogates or denigrates a certain target but elicits amusement. Blending two contradictory elements in terms of social approvability, the paradox of disparagement humor has sparked three major questions: how does amusement arise from disparagement? What determines whether an attempt at disparagement humor is perceived to be funny or offensive? What are the unique aftereffects of this fusion? Four major theoretical frameworks have been proposed to understand the psychological mechanism of disparagement humor. From a psychoanalytic perspective, relief theory suggests that the entertainment of humor comes from the catharsis of hostility. From an intergroup perspective, superiority theory suggests that the feeling of superiority generated by the disparagement of others leads to humorous experiences. From a cognitive perspective, incongruity-resolution theory suggests that humor derives from the resolution of incongruencies. Additionally, from a cognitive perspective, to provide a more accurate and universal explanation for humor than incongruity-resolution theory, benign violation theory suggests that humor comes from appraising something as both a violation and benign. Among the theories, the former two address the unique motivational factors underlying disparagement humor, while the latter two provide universal cognitive models to explain all humor, including disparagement humor. Thus, a motivational cognition model proposed later in the article could effectively depict an integrated picture of the psychological mechanism of disparagement humor. However, people do not necessarily find disparagement humor funny; sometimes it is offensive. Factors influencing the reception of disparagement humor include group identities and attitudes, psychological distance between the recipient and the object of derogation, and personal and cultural differences. The social effects of humor and derogatory comments are usually opposite, but the fusion of the two can produce unique outcomes. First, it can serve as a prejudice releaser by creating a social norm that allows the expression of prejudice, which is normally forbidden in modern society. In addition, the use of disparagement humor can serve to reinforce social hierarchies by functioning as a legitimizing myth that justifies expressions of social dominance motivations. Conversely, when disparagement humor is used by a disadvantaged social group to subvert an inequitable social hierarchy, the strategy of covering an insubordinate message with humor may encourage the expression of subversion and thus promote social equity. Finally, the impacts of disparagement humor on interpersonal interactions are inconsistent due to the contradictory effects of disparagement and humor. After reviewing the relevant theories and studies, we propose an integrated process model of disparagement. The model takes benign violation theory as its fundamental framework, dividing the completion of disparagement humor into three parts: first, the expresser delivers disparagement; second, the audience evaluates the disparagement as benign; and third, a sense of humor is produced. The model also integrates the motivational perspectives of relief theory and superiority theory by addressing motivational factors in the delivery and evaluation process. In addition, the model displays the retroaction of disparagement humor’s aftereffects on its delivery and evaluation by combining the prejudice-releaser and legitimizing-myth role of disparagement humor. As it depicts a comprehensive process and captures the dynamism of disparagement humor, the model can hopefully serve as a scaffold for future research. It is also important for future research to explore the negative effects of disparagement humor. Moreover, the potentially positive effects of disparagement humor on intergroup relations and social justice when used by disadvantaged groups to fight social injustice merit investigation. Finally, it could be rewarding to study the cultural distinctiveness of disparagement humor in certain aspects of Chinese culture, such as its essential foreignness and prosperous localization, the commercialization trend of disparagement jokes, and the specifically Chinese content conveyed and popularized by disparagement humor.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Currently, a large number of cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) have been proposed to satisfy the demands of the cognitively diagnostic assessment. However, most existing CDMs are only suitable for dichotomously scored items. In practice, there are lager polytomously-score items/data in educational and psychological tests. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop CDMs for polytomous data. Under the item response theory (IRT) framework, the polytomous models can be divided into three categories: (i) the cumulative probability (or graded-response) models, (ii) continuation ratios (or sequential) models, and (iii) the adjacent-category (or partial-credit) models. At present, several efforts have been made to develop polytomous partial-credit CDMs, including the general diagnostic model (GDM; von Davier, 2008) and the partial credit DINA (PC-DINA; de la Torre, 2012) model. However, the existing polytomous partial-credit CDMs need to be improved in the following aspects: (1) These CDMs do not consider the relationship between attributes and response categories by assuming that all response categories of an item measure the same attributes. This may result in loss of diagnostic information, because different response categories could measure different attributes; (2) More importantly, the PC-DINA is based on reduced DINA model. Therefore, the current polytomous CDMs are established under strong assumptions and do not have the advantages of general cognitive diagnosis model.The current article proposes a general partial credit diagnostic model (GPCDM) for polytomous responses with less restrictive assumptions. Item parameters of the proposed models can be estimated using the marginal maximum likelihood estimation approach via Expectation Maximization (MMLE/EM) algorithm.Study 1 aims to examine (1) whether the EM algorithm can accurately estimate the parameters of the proposed models, and (2) whether using item level Q-matrix (referred to as the Item-Q) to analyze data generated by category level Q-matrix (referred to as the Cat-Q) will reduce the accuracy of parameter estimation. Results showed that when using Cat-Q fitting data, the maximum RMSE was less than 0.05. When the number of attributes was equal to 5 or 7, the minimum pattern match rate (PMR) was 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. These results indicated that item and person parameters could be recovered accurately based on the proposed estimation algorithm. In addition, the results also showed that when Item-Q is used to fit the data generated by Cat-Q, the estimation accuracy of both the item and person parameters could be reduced. Therefore, it is suggested that when constructing the polytomously-scored items for cognitively diagnostic assessment, the item writer should try to identify the association between attributes and categories. In the process, more diagnostic information may be extracted, which in turn helps improve the diagnostic accuracy.The purpose of Study 2 is to apply the proposed model to the TIMSS (2007) fourth-grade mathematics assessment test to demonstrate its application and feasibility and compare with the exiting GDM and PC-DINA model. The results showed that compared with GDM and PC-DINA models, the new model had a better model fit of test-level, higher attribute reliability and better diagnostic effect.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Other Disciplines of Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science submitted time 2023-02-17 Cooperative journals: 《智慧农业（中英文）》
Abstract： There are higher requirements for the timeliness of vegetable transportation and distribution. In order to solve the problems of long transportation time, high total transportation cost and short preservation time of vegetables during transportation, considering the constraints such as vehicle load and time window, this study proposed a genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GA-SA) for multi-objective vegetable distribution path optimization with time windows. That was, the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) adaptive (Metropolis) acceptance criterion was introduced into the operation process of genetic algorithm (GA). The basic idea was: First, the original population was selected, crossed and mutated by genetic algorithm to form a new generation of path population. At this time, by introducing metropolis acceptance criterion, and then, after modifying the sub situation of the new generation path population and selecting cross mutation, a new target path population was obtained. The improved algorithm retained the excellent individual, and the convergence speed, jumped out of the local optimal solution found based on genetic algorithm, and then found the global optimal solution. Then, the multi-objective of returning all vehicles to the distribution center after distribution was the least time-consuming, the lowest cost and the least use of vehicles was achieved, and the optimal path of vegetable transportation was obtained. Taking Baoding city in Hebei province as the distribution center and some towns under the jurisdiction of Baoding city as the distribution points, the experiment of vegetable transportation path optimization was designed. The experiments of genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm and genetic simulated annealing algorithm were carried out, respectively. The comparative analysis was carried out from the aspects of convergence speed, total distance, total time, vehicles and total cost. The experimental results showed that, compared with the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, GA-SA could effectively accelerate its convergence speed. The total cost of the optimized distribution route reduced by about 23.7% and 4% respectively, the total distance reduced by 22.6% and 3% respectively, the time consumption reduced by 26.2 and 2.6 hours respectively, and 2 and 1 vehicles were used less respectively. This study could also provide reference for the research of cold fresh food and other transportation path optimization.
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2022-09-06
Abstract：
This paper summarized the effect observation and nursing measures for a patient with patient with postoperative pain after granulomatous mastitis surgery under local anesthesia. On the basis of improving the routine postoperative nursing, auricular acupoint sticking and pressing therapy was carried out to relieve the postoperative pain of the patients. It has the advantages of low adverse reactions, high safety and easy acceptance by patients.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-11-04
Abstract： Disparagement humor refers to communication that contains denigration but elicits amusement. Relief theory, superiority theory, incongruity-resolution theory, and benign violation theory attempt to explain the psychological mechanism. Humor does not always arise from disparagement. The humorous effect is influenced by the group identity and attitude of the receiver, the psychological distance between the receiver and the target of disparagement, and the receiver’s personality and cultural background. Disparagement humor could contribute to the release of prejudice and the legitimation of social dominance orientation, but has inconsistent effect on interpersonal relations. The proposed Integrative Process Model of Disparagement Humor describes the mechanisms, precursors, and consequences of disparagement humor in tandem and could serve as a scaffold for future research. Future research should also devote more attention to the negative social impacts of disparagement humor and the corresponding interventions, the potential positive effects of disparagement humor on intergroup relations and social equity, as well as the disparagement humor emerging from Chinese socio-cultural background. " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2019-05-10 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Community question answering system causes trouble for users to retrieve information due to useless information. Most of the previous question retrieval models focused on the word level. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a question retrieval model at the sentence level. Based on the sentence-category of Hierarchical Network of Concept (HNC) theory, the new model calculated similarities between questions from the pragmatic, grammatical and semantic levels of the sentence. The model used the question classification algorithm to determine the categories of query question and candidate question, and thus obtained pragmatic similarity between questions. It used the sentence expression structure and the sentence semantic block to calculate grammatical and semantic similarities. Experiments on real data sets show that the new model based on HNC sentence-category improves the accuracy of question retrieval results.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2019-02-25 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：研究碱法提取羊肚菌多糖的工艺条件并测定其抗氧化活性。以四川北川羊肚菌为原料，采用碱法提取羊肚菌多糖，利用苯酚-硫酸法对羊肚菌多糖得率进行测定，通过单因素探讨提取温度（70、80、90、100 ℃）、提取时间（2、4、6、8 h）、碱液浓度（0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mol·L-1）、料液比（1∶15、1∶20、1∶25、1∶30 g·mL-1）对羊肚菌多糖得率的影响，采用正交实验优化提取工艺，并对其抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明，在提取温度 90 ℃、提取时间 5 h、碱液浓度 0.7 mol·L-1、料液比 1∶20g·mL-1 条件下得到的羊肚菌多糖的得率为 5.39%。羊肚菌多糖具有较强的清除 DPPH 自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子的能力和较好的还原能力，其 IC50 分别为 0.468，0.208，0.022，0.014 mg·mL-1，抗氧化能力依次为还原能力＞超氧阴离子清除能力＞羟自由基清除能力＞DPPH 自由基清除能力。优化后的羊肚菌多糖提取工艺合理、可行，且羊肚菌多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-09-12 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Aiming at the problem that the generalization causes a large amount of loss of data information, and this defect would become more obvious as the data dimension becomes larger, this paper proposed an anonymous algorithm based on local partitioning. To ensuring k-anonymity and l-diversity, based on the value constraint of sensitive attribute column and the distance between records, horizontally divide the data table into several buckets. And then based on the relationship between the attributes, longitudinally divide the buckets into multiple columns. Finally, randomly rearrange the columns in the same bucket. The experimental results show that when dealing with high dimensional data, compared with LGAA-CP algorithm, the loss of information is reduced by 47% to 183%. the retention rate of the relationship is increased by 24% to 118%. Compared with the Slicing algorithm, the loss of information between the two is within 1.5%. the retention rate of the association is increased by 8.9% to 22.8%. The analysis show that the algorithm is effective in ensuring both high-dimensional data privacy protection and data availability.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To construct a lentiviral vector for delivering short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting PAX6 and investigate its effect on the proliferation of glioma U251 cells in vitro. Methods Two small interfering RNA sequences targeting PAX6 gene were designed based on the reported sequence of PAX6 and annealed to form a double-stranded chain, which was inserted into a lentiviral vector to construct the recombinant lentiviral vector shRNA-PAX6. The recombinant vector was infected into U251 cells, and the expression of PAX6 mRNA and protein in the cells was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The changes in the proliferation of U251 cells after the infection was assessed using MTT assay. Results Double enzyme digestion of the lentiviral vector pLKD-CMV-G&NR-U6-shRNA yielded an 8208-bp fragment, and colony PCR and sequencing analysis confirmed successful construction of the lentiviral vector shRNA-PAX6. Infection of the cells with shRNA-PAX6 caused a significant reduction of the expressions of PAX6 mRNA and protein (P<0.05) and resulted in obviously increased proliferation of U251 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion We successfully constructed the recombinant vector shRNA-PAX6 for silencing PAX6 gene. PAX6 gene silencing results in increased proliferation of U251 cells in vitro.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：以2000、2010及2015年的土地利用数据集为数据源，利用格网化、景观梯度、Logistic回归模型及CLUE-S模型研究方法，对太湖流域建设用地与耕地景观时空演变特征及驱动机制进行分析。研究结果表明：2000-2015年间流域内建设用地景观面积增加与耕地景观面积缩减趋势明显，高建设用地景观梯度区主要集中在沪宁线沿途城市地区，并逐渐向周边扩展，尤其是苏州市、无锡市、常州市、上海市以及杭州市周边地区，动态变化程度最为显著，原有大城市中心以及西部和西南部丘陵地区，动态变化幅度相对较小。两种景观类型的变化深受自然环境与社会经济因素的影响，且后者为主要驱动因素。结合CLUE-S模型模拟，不同情境下2030年两种景观类型时空演变存在显著差异，自然发展情景下高景观梯度值区间的建设用地面积最大；生态保护情景下，建设用地增幅明显降低，但耕地仍大幅缩减，多转为生态用地；而耕地保护情景下高景观梯度值区间的耕地面积最大。研究揭示了流域内耕地被建设用地占用过程的空间规律性，从而为太湖流域土地管理决策及城市规划建设提供依据，对解决流域内经济建设与用地矛盾提供一定的借鉴与参考。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-21 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of staged retrograde flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURS) and miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (m-PCNL) for treatment of renal stones of 2-4 cm in diameter. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 70 patients with renal stones of 2-4 cm in diameter admitted in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2015. The patients were randomized to receive staged FURS (35 cases) or m-PCNL (35 cases), and the total treatment time, total hospital stay after procedure, total medical cost, treatment success, decrease in hemoglobin level and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The treatment success rate was 100% in both groups, but the complete stone-free rate was significantly lowered in FURS group than m-PCNL group (65.71% vs 94.29%, P<0.01). The average decrease in hemoglobin level was 3.37±1.56 g/L in FURS group and 11.93±2.24 g/L in m-PCNL group (P<0.01). The overall complication rates in the two groups were 6.25% and 9.37%, respectively (P>0.05). Minor complications (grade I by Clavien-Dindo classification) occurred in one case in FURS group (fever) and two cases in m-PCNL group (self-limiting hematuria); major complications (grade II) occurred in one case in FURS group (steinstrase) and one case in m-PCNL group (blood transfusion). In staged FURS and m-PCNL groups, the mean total treatment time was 4.06±1.11 vs 1.26±0.47 weeks (P<0.01), the mean hospital stay after procedure was 3.66±1.29 vs 5.13±0.43 days (P<0.01), and the mean total medical cost was ￥54 291.00±6149.00 vs ￥23 482.00±2317.00 (P<0.01), respectively. Conclusion FURS is safe and effective for treatment of renal stones of 2-4 cm in diameter, and a staged procedure is necessary to achieve a stone-free status for large calculi. Both sophisticated equipment and rich surgical experience are essential to ensure treatment success.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究新疆地区玉米青贮、棉籽壳、苜蓿草粉、苜蓿干草、葡萄籽粕、蕃茄酱渣6种奶牛饲料原料的瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质（RUP）的小肠消化率（Idg）。选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛，采用尼龙袋法和改进三步体外法测定饲料原料的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的瘤胃降解特性以及RUP的Idg和小肠可消化粗蛋白质（IDCP）含量。结果表明：1）苜蓿草粉和玉米青贮的DM有效降解率最高，显著高于次之的苜蓿干草、番茄酱渣（P苜蓿草粉>玉米青贮>苜蓿干草>棉籽壳>葡萄籽粕，各原料间差异显著（P苜蓿草粉>棉籽壳>苜蓿干草>番茄酱渣>葡萄籽粕，各组饲料原料间差异显著（P棉籽壳>苜蓿干草>番茄酱渣>苜蓿草粉>葡萄籽粕，各组饲料原料间差异显著（P0.05），显著高于依次降低的玉米青贮、番茄酱渣、葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳（P<0.05）。综上所述，不同饲料原料具有不同的瘤胃降解特性，进入小肠IDCP的效率也不同。玉米青贮的DM、NDF和ADF在瘤胃的有效降解率较高，苜蓿草粉RUP的Idg较高，苜蓿草粉和苜蓿干草的IDCP含量较高。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究蒙脱石对采食天然黄曲霉素毒素B1（AFB1）污染花生粕饲粮的肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响，确定蒙脱石作为霉菌吸附剂的饲用效果。选用288只1日龄爱拔益加（AA）健康公雏，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复12只鸡。正对照组饲喂玉米–豆粕型基础饲粮，负对照组饲粮用自然霉变花生粕（含AFB1 1 284.21 μg/kg；前期、后期饲粮分别添加8.8%和12.0%）替代部分豆粕，试验组分别在负对照组饲粮中添加2.0 g/kg的天然或改性蒙脱石。试验期42 d。结果表明：1）与正对照组相比，霉变花生粕显著降低了肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）、42日龄胸肌率和腿肌率以及血浆蛋白含量（P<0.05），显著提高了料重比和免疫器官指数（P<0.05）。2）与负对照组相比，天然或改性蒙脱石均显著提高了肉仔鸡ADG、ADFI及血浆蛋白含量（P<0.05），显著降低了免疫器官指数（P<0.05）。3）与天然蒙脱石组相比，改性蒙脱石显著提高了肉仔鸡ADG及血浆总蛋白和白蛋白含量（P<0.05），显著降低了胸腺指数（P<0.05）。综上，AFB1污染的霉变花生粕能降低肉仔鸡的生长性能和免疫功能，蒙脱石能缓解AFB1引起的不良影响，改性蒙脱石作用效果更佳。
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